A Lakota in chief’s clothing Battle of the Little Big Horn, detail
Battle of the Little Big Horn (also referred to in various sources and publications as Battle of the Little
Bighorn): The Battle of the Little Big Horn took place on June 25 & 26, 1876, in southeastern
Montana territory between the Native peoples of the Great Plains - Lakotas and Cheyennes -
and the United States Army, Seventh Calvary, led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong
Custer. Custer and his troops were quickly overwhelmed and within a relatively short period,
probably at the time of noon, when the sun was high in the sky, every last one of his soldiers
were killed, numbering some 200 troops. It was a decisive Plains Indian victory. Events of the
chaotic battle are painted in great detail by Standing Bear. At the right: Warriors pursue fleeing
soldiers, the warbonnet man reaching out to pull the nearest trooper from his horse. Four
mounted warriors are racing in to cut off the fleeing soldiers, so all could be destroyed. Upper
left: Four warriors pursue soldiers’ horses racing away in fear at the shouting and noise of
battle. Center: Warriors charge in upon the soldiers who are retreating. Dying and dead soldiers
mark the retreat. Warriors charge in, striking the troops, couping them, then finishing them off.
Upper center, below the line of soldiers: A warbonnet man wrests a guidon from a trooper’s
hands. Another warrior, hair knotted over his forehead, wrestles a rifle from a soldier, an arrow
protruding from him. At the top, flags flying, the surviving soldiers are making their last stand. In
the midst of the chaos and death, a single mounted Lakota appears, wearing the clothing of a
chief. Surely he is Sitting Bull, gazing upon the victory he saw in his Sun Dance vision.
Numerous books, stories, documentaries and movies have been written and told about the
Plains Indian victory at the Battle of the Little Big Horn often times referred to as ‘Custer’s Last
Stand’. From the Native perspective the best reference material is:
Bad Heart Bull, Amos, and Helen Heather Blish. A Pictographic History of the Oglala Sioux. Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press, 1967.
Campbell, Walter. Interview with One Bull. Walter Campbell Papers, University of Oklahoma Library,
Notebook 19, p.47, July 1926.
Campbell, Walter. Prophesy of Sitting Bull – of complete annihilation of Custer and his soldiers, as told to
One Bull. Walter Campbell Papers, University of Oklahoma Library, Box 10, MS 25.
Campbell Walter. Sitting Bull’s Vision from Interview with White Bull. Walter Campbell Papers, University
of Oklahoma Library, Notebook 8, pp. 53-54, June 1930.
With related letter from Raymond J. DeMallie to Father Peter J. Powell, February 15, 1991.
Vestal, Stanley (Walter S. Campbell). Sitting Bull, Champion of the Sioux. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin
Company, 1932.
Walker, James R., Elaine A. Jahner, and Raymond J. DeMallie. Lakota Belief and Ritual. Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press, 1980.
Wissler, Clark. “Societies and Ceremonial Association in Oglala Division of the Teton-Dakota” in
Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XI, Part I. New York, 1912.
Powell, Peter J. People of the Sacred Mountain: A History of the Northern Cheyenne Chiefs and Warrior
Societies, 1830 – 1876, HarperCollins Publishers, 1981.