AP Biology Summer Assignment 2018-19
Overview!"#$%&"'( ) )*+",&&%-. )*./"&$0 ( 12 "3 * "4 5 5 +046$*2"4& "/$ + * *"7**8&"09"70+8:"#$* "0 5 /%)()"/%) * "/0 "6 0 )51*/*"/$%& "
4&&%-.)*./"%&"/$*"14&/"/$+**"7**8&"3*90+*"614&&"&/4+/&;"/$4/"74<"/$*")4/*+%41"%&"9+*&$"%."<0(+")%.2"7$*."&6$001"&/4+/&:"="
&(--*&/"20%.-"0.*"4&&%-.)*./"4"24<"&/4+/%.-">"7**8&"3* 90+*"&6$001"&/4+/&:"?46$"4&&%-.)*. /")%-$/"/48*"0.* "/0"90(+"$0(+&"
/0"60)51*/* :""
@*"7%11"&/4+/"7$*+*"/$*"&())*+"4&&%-.)*./"1*4A*&"099"/0"60)51*/*"/$*"9%+&/"(.%/!"3%06$*)%&/+<"%."614&&:"#$*"9%+&/"(.%/"/*&/"
7%11"60A*+"6$45/*+&"BC>:"D0+"<0(+"&())*+"4&&%-.)*./"<0("7%11"/48*".0/*&"0."4"/0/41"09"BB"E0(/(3*"1*6/(+*&F"+*42"4.2"/48*"
.0/*&"0."G"3008"&*6/%0.&F")48*"0.*"60.6*5/")45F"&%-."/$*",H"I%010-<"J0./+46/F"60)50 &*"4"1*//*+"09"%./+02(6/%0."*)4%1F"
4.2"60)51*/*"0.*"?6010-<"'64A*.-*+"K(./:"="41&0"$4A * "%. 61( 2 * 2 "4 "2 0 6 ( ) * . / ". 4)*2"LM( * &/ %0 . & "411", H "I %0 10 - <"' / ( 2 *. / &"
'$0(12"N.07"I?DOP?"#$*<"I*-%."/$*"J0(+&*Q"R3*"&(+*"/0"8.07"411"/$*&*"7*11"3*90+*"614&&"&/4+/&S:",11"4&&%-.)*./&"4+*"2(*"
/$*"B&/"24<"09"614&&:"#$*"(.%/"A0643(14+<"T(%U"7%11"3*"0."70+2&"/48*."9+0)"/$*"2%+*6/*2"+*42%.-"A0643(14+<:"
H(+6$4&*"4".*7"60)50&%/%0.".0/*3008"4.2"3*-%."<0(+"70+8"0."/$*"90(+/$"54-*"R60(./%.-"30/$"&%2*&S:"J1*4+1<"/%/1*"*46$"
50+/%0."09"/$*"4&&%-.)*./&:"@+%/*"/$*"4.&7*+&"/0"<0(+"2%+*6/*2"+*42%.-"T(*&/%0.&"4.2"411"<0(+"1*6/(+*".0/*&"%."/$*"
.0/*3008:"#$*"1*6/(+*".0/*&"&$0(12"60./4%."411"09"/$*")4%."%2*4&"4.2"4&")(6$"2*/4%1"4&"50&&%31*:"V0&/F"%9".0/"411F"09"/$*"
60./*./"%."/$*&*"A%2*0&"7%11"3*"0."30/$"0(+"614&&"/*&/"4.2"/$*",H"/*&/:"=9"<0(+"4.&7*+& "4+*"/0 0"3+%* 9"<0( "7 %11"100&* "50 %./&:"
,11"E0(/(3*"1*6/(+*&"64."3*"90(.2"0."/$%&"7*3&%/*!"""""""$//5!WW777:30U*)4.&6%*.6*:60)W45C3%010-<W"
'
6'Assignments:'
Assignment'1:'
B:"#$*"G"I%-"=2*4&!"P*42"54-*&!"XCY"4.&7*+"/$*"2%+*6/*2"+*42%.-"T(*&/%0."LZPMQ"/$4/"60++*&50.2"/0"/$*&*"
54-*".()3*+&:"R&**"ZPM"1%&/"3*107S"
X:"@4/6$"["/48*"J0+.*11".0/*&"0."I0U*)4."\*6/(+*"]%2*0&!"!
“Biology”"R(.2*+"/$* "$*4 2%. -"L' (5 5 1*) * ./4 1",H"I %010 -<"P *&0 ( +6*& QS"4. 2" “Essential!Characteristic!of!
Life”!
V48*"4"60.6*5/")45"09"/$*"60..*6/%0.&"3*/7**."4.2"8*<"60)50.*./&"09"/$*"G"L3%-"%2*4&Q:"=/"64."3*"4"/+**"
)45"0+"3(331*")45"^"3*"6+*4/%A*"4.2"/$%.8"09"4&")4.<"74<&"/$*"60.6*5/&"%./*+46/"4&"<0("64.:"I*"5+*54+*2"
/0"&$4+*"%/"7%/$"/$*"614&&:"
Assignment'2:'
'6%*./%9%6"5+46/%6*&!"P*42"54-* &"_ CBG"["20"ZPM"
@4/6$"["/48*"/$0+0(-$"J0+.*11".0/*&"0."411"/$*"901107%.-"`"I0U*)4."1*6/(+*&!""
AP'Biology'Practices!"
B"C"V02*1&"["P*5+*&*./4/%0.""
X"C"a&%.-"V4/$*)4/%6&""
>"C"'6%*./%9%6"M(*&/%0.%.-""
G"C"Z4/4"J011*6/%0."'/+4/*-%*&"
b"C",.41<&%&"["?A41(4/%0."09"?A%2*.6*""
c"C"'6%*./%9%6"?d514.4/%0.&"["#$*0+%*&""
`"C"'641*&F"J0.6*5/&"["P*5+*&*./4/%0.&"
Assignment'3:'
e4/(+*"09")01*6(1*&"4.2"5+05*+/%*&"09"74/*+!"P*42"54-*&!"BYC>f"["20"ZPM"
@4/6$"["/48*"J0+.*11".0/*&"0."I0U*)4.!"L@4/*+C"4"5014+")01*6(1*Q"
Assignment'4:'
=./+02( 6 /%0 . "/ 0 "64 +30."60)50(.2&!"P*42"54-*&!">>C>`"["20"ZPM"
@4/6$"I0U*)4."A%2*0"["/48*"J0+.*11".0/*&"0.!"LI%010-%641"V01*6(1*&Q"
"
Assignment'5:'
\*//*+"09"=./+02(6/%0."*)4%1""
"
Assignment'6:'
P*A%*7"LM(*&/%0.&"?A*+<",H"I%0"&/(2*./"&$0(12"8.07"I?DOP?"3*-%..%.-",H"I%010-<:",.&7*+"*46$"09"/$*"
T(*&/%0.&:""
Contract:'
P*42"4.2"&%-.",H"I%010-<"J0./+46/""
"
"
"
DRQ: Directed Reading Questions (Assignments 1-4)
Write your answers in your notebook. Be sure to read the “learning outcomes” and quiz yourself to
make sure you know each one.
Chapter 1: After reading pages: 2-8:
Define the following terms:
Evolution, natural selection, artificial selection, biochemical pathway, feedback mechanisms
Answer the following questions
1. What are the 4 “big ideas”?
2. Where does “Darwin’s great achievement” lie?
3. Contrast geometric and arithmetic progression.
4. Answer the “data analysis” and “inquiry question” on page 4. (see figure 1.4)
5. Explain three things that Darwin did or read about that where key to the development of his
theory of evolution via natural selection.
6. What 5 pieces of evidence have been used to support Darwin’s theory? Explain how each one
does so.
7. Answer inquiry question on page 5. (see figure 1.6)
8. Describe a pathway of energy moving through living things.
9. Name 2 ways matter is recycled in living systems (small and large).
10. What does it mean to maintain homeostasis and what are some ways that organisms do it?
11. What molecule is the basis of inheritance?
12. Name 2 ways information is shared among cells in a multicellular organism.
13. Name and describe 3 different ‘systems’.
14. Why is diversity important?
Chapter 1: After reading pages: 9-14:
Define the following terms:
Deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, emergent properties
Answer the following questions
1. What are the 7 scientific practices? Why is each important? When have you used each one in
the past or think you will use each in this class?
2. Look at figure 1.8 and describe when each practice would best fit into the process (you can
answer this question as a diagram.)
3. What definition of theory will be used in this class?
4. What are the 3 domains of life? Briefly describe each.
5. What are the 4 main kingdoms of Eukarya? Briefly describe each.
6. Using figure 1.11 create your own diagram of the levels of organization illustrated.
7. When did life on earth begin?
8. Why are there evolutionary conserved characteristics?
9. What are the 7 characteristics that are shared by living things? Describe each. Is there
anything else you would add to the list?
Chapter 2: After reading pgs 18-30:
Define the following terms:
Atomic mass, Atomic number, Isotope, Ion, Valence electron, Molecule, Compound, Ionic bond,
Covalent bond, Catalyst, Electronegativity, polar molecule, nonpolar molecule, hydrogen bond,
specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, pH, buffer
Answer the following questions:
1. Draw and label the parts of an atom.
2. Explain how energy is stored and changed in an atom.
3. Describe what happens in both oxidation and reduction reactions in terms of energy and
electrons.
4. What is the octet rule and why is it important?
5. Why do atoms bond?
6. What holds ionic bonds together?
7. Why are covalent bonds formed and what makes covalent molecules stable?
8. What determines the strength of a covalent bond?
9. Explain what a chemical reaction is using the terms “ reactants” and “products”
10. How do the following impact chemical reactions: temperature, molecular concentration, and
catalysts.
11. Draw and label the parts of a water molecule showing where the electrons are.
12. Make your own table like 2.3 but explain each property in your own words and give your own
example of how it is beneficial to life.
13. Why does water have a high specific heat and why is that important?
14. How does water act as a solvent?
15. How does water organize nonpolar molecules?
16. Write the equation for the ionization of water.
17. Explain the logarithmic nature of the pH scale (and the ions involved).
18. Contrast acids and bases.
1. Explain figures 2.16 and 2.17.
2. Why is the reaction of CO
2
and H
2
O important to life?
Chapter 3: After reading pgs 33-37:
Define the following terms:
Hydrocarbon, functional group, macromolecule, polymer, monomer
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is carbon important to life?
2. What 6 element make up most biological molecules?
3. Why are functional groups important? Give 2 examples.
4. Make your own table like 3.1 that includes the 4 categories of macromolecules, their
subunits and function.
5. Explain the relationship of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis and their roles in the
cell. (Study hint: Break these words down by their Latin roots –this will help you
remember which is which.)
Bozeman Lecture Videos (Assignments 1-4)
Directions: Watch the seven short videos based on the AP Biology Practices found at
http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-biology/ and complete the questions/tasks below.
AP Bio Practice 1 - Models & Representation (12:23)
1. How do models aid scientist in their understanding of concepts?
It allows them to view things on a larger scale which helps make it easier to view and understand.
2. What was Watson and Crick’s model? A model of the original thought of how DNA looked.
3. List the 4 “Big Ideas” that AP Biology is centered around. Evolution. Free energy. Information and systems
4. Give another example of a scientific model not mentioned in the video. Which of the four big ideas does it
relate to? Another scientific model is a model of energy traveling through species during the food chain. This
relates to energy flow
5. Pause the video at 4:39. Graph the data (before and after).
Going Further
● What is a histone protein? A protein which help order and package DNA into nucleosomes
● What are primary and secondary structures of proteins? Individual amino acids not yet bonded to
others and then amino acids bonded to other amino acids
AP Bio Practice 2 - Using Mathematics (9:27)
1. List several field of study which includes the use of math. Biology biochemistry. Chemistry physics math
2. Throughout this school year (and very likely on the AP test) we will use Chi Square and Hardy Weinberg
Equilibrium. List these two equations.
Hardy Weinberg:p^2 +2pq +q^2 =1 and p+q=1
Chi square: x^2=€(o-e)^2 /e
3. Pause the video at 4:19 and answer the following question:
Coloration in the peppered moth is caused by a single allele. The allele for dark colored moths is dominant (D).
What was the approximate frequency of the light allele (d) from 1840 and 1900..
.7
4. How do you calculate growth rate from a graph?
You find the slope
5. How could you determine the concentration of any sample vegetable using laboratory investigation?
By massing them then placing them into a salt water concentration and masses them after a certain time to
see the difference
Going Further
● What kind of calculator are you allowed to use on the AP Exam? Simple 4 function calculator
AP Bio Practice 3 - Scientific Questioning (9:13)
Underlying Theme: “How do We Know What We Know”
1. A good question guides both further _fact knowledge _and further _investigation__.
2. Formulate a thought/research-provoking question based on what you already know about biology.
What causes enzymes to fail at certain temperatures.
3. List the four “Big Ideas” that serve as the basis for AP Biology.
Evolution. Free energy. Systems and information
4. The AP exam will ask you to evaluate scientific questions. What methods could you use to do this? Read
over it and underline key information which may help you understand things in the question
5. How does the process of asking a good question lead to further, in-depth research? (Consider what you
have learned about the scientific method) asking a good question will cause you to take more in depth
research of the possible answers to the question
6. What was the purpose of Stanley Miller’s historical experiment? To take a further look into early earth
atmosphere.
7. What is Mr. Anderson’s explanation for why the algae did not expand in population?
Because the phosphate which was added did not have any affect on the growing algea
8. Why do we need to formulate good scientific questions? To help further understand information given to us
AP Bio Practice 4 - Data Collection Strategies (8:33)
1. What steps are needed before an experiment can be conducted? You must for a hypothesis and crest a
question which helps set up the experiment.
2. How can you ensure your experiment is conducted under “controlled conditions?” you have a no variation
which could skew the results
2. What areas of data collection are you likely to be asked questions on the AP exam?
A.ability to justify data collection strategies
B.design a plan for collecting data of your own
c. collect data to answer a specific question
D.evalvuate data
3. Pause the video at 5:11. Design a hypothesis to explain the data related to the Kangaroo rat.
If the overall percipitation for the year is in the medium range than the kangaroo rat with have a larger mass
due to their food supply available during that period
♦ (Was your hypothesis written in a “If .. then.. statement”?)
4. List four things to address when designing an experiment for a free response questions.
Look at what kind of data you have
Evaluate the data
Look at the controlled experiment
Look for variables
Going Further
● Recall: What is the Independent Variable? Independent variable is a variable which is Independent
from the experiment. Won't change
○ .. and the Dependent Variable? Is dependent on the experiment. Will change
● Why is it important to repeat experiments over and over? To make sure you get a solid result and To
make sure it's not skewed by anything.
AP Bio Practice 5 - Analysis & Evaluation of Evidence (6:48)
1. What type of data did Charles David Keeling collect? Data about carbon dioxide from a volcano
2. What is the first thing you want to do with given data set? Organize the data
3. How will graphs help organize data? This helps you view the data all at once and be able to create questions from
your data
4. What type of questions will the College Board likely ask you for each of the four Big Ideas? Evolution: history of our
planet. Free energy: looking at labs such as the sucrose lab and formulating the percent change in mass information:
transduction Systems: structures and their functions
5. What three areas can you expect the College Board to draw questions from?
Analyze data to identify a pattern, identify possible sources of error, multiple choice questions based on a data
chart.
6. What happens in the sucrose lab, and which category of study does it fall under?
Putting potatoes in a sucrose solution and measuring their change in mass. Free energy
7. What is an example of an AP-type question you could be asked related to Big Idea III: Information?
Glucose feedback
8. Explain what is meant by “structure meets function”.
How a given structure of something allows it to do a specific function.
● Give an example of this being true. enzymes
9. How can you use data in every-day life?
You can learn things from it such as ocean currents or space
AP Bio Practice 6 - Scientific Explanations & Theories (7:59)
1. What is Natural Selection and who developed the concept? Charles Darwin, mechiinism which explains
how evolution works.
2. How does Natural Selection relate to the Galapagos Finches? It explains why their beaks are all different
among the different islands.
3. How are theories formed? Scientist form a question and then perform an experiment. If the same results
are shown through multiple runs than they create a theory. Evidence does support the idea.
4. Pause the video at 3:15: Which of the statement most directly supports the claim that different organisms
use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and
homeostasis?
Option D
5. Pause the video at 3:53: Which plates have only ampicillin resistant bacteria growing on them?
Plate 4
How do you know? Because you have a new type of bacteria growing
6. State Mendel’s 2 laws of inheritance and explain the meaning of each.
a. Law of segregation
b. Independent assortment
7. Which of the 2 inheritance patterns that are listed do not follow Mendelian inheritance? How does it
deviate? Polygentic iheritance. It combines the two traits
8. Define and give an example of each of the following terms.
a. Genetic drift: decrease population size
b. Migration: movement into or out of an area
c. Artificial selection: when the mates are chosen and mating is not random
9. How do we know the example presented 6 minutes into the video is a Sex-Linked recessive trait? Due to
the fact that it occurs more often in the males than females and you know its recessive because it may skip
a generation
AP Bio Practice 7 - Scales, Concepts & Representations (7:24)
1. Science Practice 7 says “The student is able to connect and relate knowledge across various scales,
concepts and representations in and across domains.” What is meant by this?
They want us to be able to connect information
♦ Why is it important? Helps bring together thoughts and make connections outside of class
2. Give an example (other than Mr Anderson’s) in which you compare a really small non-complex concept
with a huge complex one. A single persons house compared to a large city
3. Mr. Anderson talks about connecting domains and gives examples how we use these domains in Biology.
Give another example for each of the following categories:
Thermodynamics: photosysnthesis
Chemistry: diffusion
Biochemistry: phospholipid bilayer
4. Define: Temporal Scale: time
5. Define: Spatial Scale: area
6. Pause the video at 5:45 - The endocrine systems incorporates feedback mechanisms that maintain
homeostasis. Which of the choices demonstrates negative feedback by the endocrine system?choice A
7. Mr. Anderson explains the Wiki Game. Try to play it yourself by getting from Cattle to National Park to
Flowering Plant to Crocodilia. FOLLOW THE RULES! It took me 23 steps. Can you do it better?
a) How many steps did you need? _____30_____
b) Was it hard to get there? Describe your procedure.
Yes it was very hard.
\?##?P"OD"=e#POZaJ#=Oe"R,&&%-. ) *. /"bS"
"
@*160)*"/0",H"I%010-<g"
"
@*"4+*"-0%.-"/0"&5*.2"4"10/"09"/%)*"/0-*/$*+".*d/"<*4+F"&0"%/h&"3*&/"%9"7*"-*/"4"$*42"&/4+/"0."1*4+.%.-"4"3%/"430(/"<0(:"
,1&0"7*"7%11"(&*"/$*"=./*+.*/"4"10/".*d/"<*4+"90+"/$%&"60(+&*F"&0"1*/h&"-*/"<0("(&*2"/0"60))(.%64/%.-"7%/$")*"A%4"*C)4%1:"
E0(+"9%+&/"2%-%/41"4&&%-.)*./"%&"/0"&(66*&&9(11<"&*.2"4."*)4%1"/0")*"430(/"<0(:"
"
Z(*"24/*!"'(.24<F",(-(&/"B>
/$
""4/"BX!ff4)"
"
Z+49/"4."*)4%1"/0")*"901107%.-"/$*&*"+(1*&!"
B: a&*"61*4+1<"7+%//*.F"9(11"&*./*.6*&:"Z0".0/"433+*A%4/*"70+2&"1%8*"<0("4+*"#*d/%.-"7%/$"4"9+%*.2:"a&*"&5*11"6$*68g"
#$%&"%&"4"5+09*&&%0.41"60))(.%64/%0."1%8*"<0("70(12"$4A*"7%/$"4"6011*-*"5+09*&&0+:"
"
X: V<"*)4%1!"*600.i&0.0)4&6$001&:0+-"
"
>: V48*"/$*"'(3j*6/!"L,H"I%0!"=./+02(6/%0."/0"k=.&*+/"E0(+"e4)*"K*+*lQ"""""""""""RZ0".0/"%.61(2*"/$*"T(0/*")4+8&"0+"
/$*"3+468*/&F"j(&/"/$* "70 +2& S"
"
G: I*-%."/$*"*C)4%1"7%/$"4"90+)41"&41(/4/%0.F"1%8*"LV%&&"K4..4FQ"
"
b: e07"%./+02(6*"<0(+&*19"R<0(+".4)*S"4.2"/*11")*"4"1%//1*"3%/"430(/"<0(+&*19F"1%8*!"
@$4/"20"<0("1%8*"/0"20"R$033%*&F"&50+/&F")(&%6F"%./*+*&/&F"*/6:SmF"Z0"<0("$4A*"4"j03mF"#*11")*"4"1%//1*"3%/"430(/"
7$4/"%&"%)50+/4./"/0"<0(C"9+%*.2&F"94)%1<F"5*/&F"*/6:F"@$ 4/"20 "<0( +"54 +*. /&"20 "90+"4"1%A%. -mF"@ 4 &"/$* +*"4. </$ %.- "
/$4/"<0("1%8*2 "43 0 ( /"< 0 ( +"* 4+1%* +"3 %0 10 - <"6 14& &m F"@$4/"74& "/$ * "14& /"3 0 0 8"< 0 ( "+* 42 "90 +"9 (. m F"K 0 7 "2 0 "< 0( "1* 4 +. "
R$4.2&"0.F"A%&( 41F"A*+3 41Sm F"@ $4 /"4+*"<0 ("10 08%. -"90 +7 4+2 "/0"/$* ") 0& /"%.",H "I%010 -< mF"@ $4 /"4+*"<0 ( ") 0& /"4.d %0( &"
430(/"%.",H"I%010-<m"E0("20".0/"$4A*"/0"422+*&&"411"09"/$*&*"T(*&/%0.&F"j(&/"-%A%.-"<0("&0)*"%2*4&:"
Questions that every AP Biology student should be able to answer
BEFORE their first day of class (Assignment 6)
Modified from Mr. Monden, Arcadia High School
Don’t forget: it would be wise to go through these yourself and find the answers. Why yourself? Anyone who gives you
answers to these areas will end up hurting your learning process. If you have questions, please email Mr. Coon at
ecoon@sonomaschools.org Please use http://www.bozemanscience.com/ to help you.
The Nature of Life/Biochemistry
Chapter 1
1. What is the Scientific Procedure?
2. What is a controlled experiment? What does this allow scientists to test?
3. In science, what is a hypothesis? A theory? A law?
Chapters 2-3
1. What are the four major macromolecule groups? What are the examples of each?
2. What property of water prevents Earth from becoming a frozen planet?
(Supplemental Chemistry)
Can you do these?
Balancing Equations
1. Why is it significant to not change the subscript of a molecule?
2. Balance CH
4
+ O
2
-> CO
2
+ H
2
O.
3. What is the only number that can be altered?
Molecule Conversion
1. 1 mole= ________ molecules?
2. Convert 0.200 molecules of H
2
SO
4
into grams, then into moles.
3. Convert 102.8g of water into molecules.
Physical/Chemical Changes
1. List 5 physical changes.
2. What is water vapor?
3. What are five signs of chemical change?
Acids/Bases and pH
1. Hydrogen bond is between which two atoms located where. Does it need to be an oxygen?
2. What is a solution with a pH lower than 7 called? What are two things that this means?
3. Something with a pH of 6.7 has what concentration of hydroxide ions? (tough question here.)
Cell Biology
Chapters 4-11
Chapters 4-5
1. Describe the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
2. List all the major organelles found in a typical cell and define what roll each serves.
3. What is diffusion and how does it work in regards to transport across a cell membrane?
4. What are the differences between active and passive transport?
Chapter 6
1. What is an enzyme?
2. What do enzymes do?
3. How do enzymes work? Why are enzymes important?
4. What factors affect the rate of enzymes?
Chapter 7
1. What type of reaction is cellular respiration and why?
2. What are the steps of cellular respiration and where does each of them take place?
3. During the ETC, where are H
+
ions pumped into?
Chapter 8
1. What are the two parts of photosynthesis and where do they take place?
2. During which part of photosynthesis is the sugar glucose produced?
3. How does CO
2
enter the plant?
Chapter 10-11
1. What is cell specialization?
2. What are the stages, in order, of mitosis? What are the stages, in order, of meiosis?
3. Describe the differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Mendelian Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology
Chapters 12-17
Chapter 12
1. What does the Principal of Dominance state? What does the Principle of Independent Assortment state?
2. If you cross a homozygous tall pea plant with a short one, what is the probability that an F
1
plant will be tall?
What if you cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a short one? What if you cross two heterozygous tall pea
plants?
3. What is crossing over? When does crossing over typically occur?
Chapter 13
1. What is replication? Transcription? Translation? How are these terms related to each other? What happens during
these processes?
2. Why is it possible to have multiple codons code for the same amino acid?
3. What is a mutation? What are the different types of mutations that can occur?
4. What is the difference between mRNA and preRNA?
5. Colored in boxes represent the trait of Autism. What does the pedigree tell us about Autism? Is it recessive or
dominant? How do you know?
6. What is the probability that the bottom 2 people (4 and 5) have a child with the trait?
7. Is the trait X-linked, Y-linked, autosomal or mitochondrial? How do you know?
Chapter 14
1. What are the base pairs in DNA?
2. What is a DNA Replication Fork?
3. What is the leading strand and lagging strand?
Chapter 17
1. What is DNA Electrophoresis and how does it work?
2. What are two specific uses of a DNA Fingerprint?
3. What is a restriction enzyme and how does it work?
4. What is Genetic Engineering and what are 3 modern everyday uses of it?
5. What is a Vector and how do they work?
6. What is Gene Therapy?
Human Physiology
Subtopic: Nervous System, Immune System
Chapter 43
1. Organize the following into a flowchart or mindmap using connective words: Central Peripheral Autonomic,
Reflex, Motor, Sensory, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, Flight Fight or Freeze Response.
2. What are the four major parts of the central nervous system? What are they responsible for?
Chapter 51
1. There are three lines of defense for the Human Immune System; List and describe the purpose of each.
Evolution
Chapters 20-23
Chapter 20
1. What is adaptive radiation and how is it related to evolution?
2. What are the 5 factors that can cause evolution? How are they different if they cause genetic equilibrium?
3. What are the different types of isolation that can occur in populations? How do they work?
4. What is genetic drift? What are two types of genetic drift? What types of populations are more susceptible to
genetic drift?
Chapter 21
1. What is the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
2. What does the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’ mean?
3. Define and relate the following terms: Fitness, Adaptation, Evolution, & Gene Pool.
4. What does the fossil record show?
5. Why isn’t the fossil record complete?
6. How do scientists determine which organisms the fossils come from?
7. What are the evidences for evolution?
Ecology
Chapters 54-57
1. Can minor changes in a food web cause huge repercussions for an ecosystem?
2. How do the biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem interact for energy flow?
3. What are the Cycles of Matter and how do they effect the health of an ecosystem?
4. What is species diversity?
5. Since there is a predator-prey relationship between the wolves and the elk, what will gradually happen as the
carrying capacity is attained?
6. What does biodiversity do to the ecosystem?
7. What is one of the most famous examples of symbiosis?
8. When do feedback loops fail to work on an ecosystem?
9. What is a population made of?
10. What is a keystone species?
"
AP'Biology'Contract''
" "
" ,H"I%010-<"5+*&*./&"4"94./4&/%6"0550+/(.%/<"/0"A4&/1<"*d54.2"<0(+"8.071*2-*"09"/$*"3%010-%641"&6%*.6*&F"/0"$0.*"
<0(+"1430+4/0+<"/*6$.%T(*&"4.2"7+%/%.-F"4.2"/0"2*A*105"&8%11&F"$43%/&F"4.2"8.071*2-*"/$4/"7%11"5+*54+*"<0("90+"&(66*&&"4/"
/$*"a.%A*+&%/<"1*A*1"4. 2"3 *<0 .2 :""#$*"901107%.-"%&"4"60./+46/"/$4/"2*9%.*&"<0(+"+*&50.&%3%1%/%*&"5*+/4%.%.-"/0"/$%&"60(+&*:""
]%014/%0."09"/$%&"60./+46/F"4&")*4&(+*2"3<"500+"5*+90+)4.6*"7%/$%."/$*"9%+&/"&*)*&/*+F"7%11"+ *& ( 1/ "%. "< 0 ( + "5 4 +/ %6 %5 4 /% 0 . "%. "
4"60.9*+*.6*"/0"2*/*+)%.*"<0(+"9(/(+*"7 %/$%. "/$%&"60 (+& *:"" "
"
" =F"nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn"R5+%./".4)*SF"(.2*+&/4.2"/$4/",H"I%010-<"%&"4."*1*6/%A*"614&&"/4(-$/"4/"4."
466*1*+4/*2"546*"4.2"42A4.6*2"1*A*1"09"%.&/+(6/%0.:"#$*"614&&"+*T(%+*&")*"/0"&/(2<"0(/&%2*"09"/$*"614&&+00)"4."4A*+4 -*"
09"one'to'two'hours'per'da<"4.2"50&&%31<")0+*"90+"/*&/&:""="7%11"3*"+* &5 0 . & %3 1* "90 +"+ *4 2 %. - "/$ * "6 0 ++* & 5 0 . 2 %. - "6$ 4 5 /* + &"
9+0)"0(+"/*d/3 0 08"0 (/& %2*"0 9"614&& :"#$* +*"7 %11"3*"9+*T ( *. /"T( %UU*& "0A* +") 4/* +%41"/0"4& &(+* "/$4 /"="4) "3*%. -"+*& 50.&%31*"
4.2"8**5%.-"(5"7%/$"/$*"546*:"="7%11".**2"/0"60)51*/*"5+0j*6/&"0(/&%2*"09"614&&+00)"/%)*"4.2"20"$0)*70+8"4&&%-.)*./&"
/$4/"="7%11".0/"$4A*"/%)* "%."614&&"/0"2 0:"="+*41%U*"/$4 /"/$* +*"7 %11"3*"$0) * 7 0+8 "0A* +"$01%24 <"3+* 48 &"4.2 "7 %11"60)5 1*/* "/$0& *"
/0"/$*"3*&/"09")<"43%1%/<:""="7%11"3 * "&* 19C)0/%A4/*2"4.2"&*19C2%&6%51%.*2"%."0+2*+"/0"*d6*1"%."/$%&"60(+&*:""="+*41%U*"/$4/"
4//*.24.6*"%."614&&"%&"*&&*./%41"/0"&(66**2%.-"%."/$%&"614&&"4.2"="7%11")48*"*A*+<"*990+/"/0"I?"=e"J\,''"?]?PE"Z,Eg"
"
" e0"6(++%6(1()")02%9%64/%0.&"7%11"3*")42*"/0"&107"/$*"546*"0+"1%)%/"/$*"1*A*1"09"%.&/+(6/%0.:"V<"46/%A%/%*&"7%11".0/"
$%.2*+")<"5*+90+)4.6*"%."/$%&"614&&"4.2"43&*.6*&"2(*"/0")<"46/%A%/%*&"7%11".0/"-%A*")*"4."*d6(&*"/0"9411"3*$%.2"4.2W0+"
.**2"*d/+4"/%)*"/0"60)51*/*"4&&%-.)*./&:""="7%11"901107"'0.0)4"]411*<"K%-$"'6$001h&"5+06*2(+*&"%.")48*C(5"70+8"90+"
43&*.6*&"2(*"/0"46/%A%/%*&"0+"%11.*&&:"
"
" ="514."/0"5+*54+*"90+"/$*",H"?d4)"/$+0(-$0(/"/$*"<*4+F"4.2"/0"60.&%2*+")<"614&&)4/*&"/0"3*"/*4))4/*&"
6011430+4/%A*1<"70+8%.-"/074+2&"4"60))0."-041:"""
"
="4-+**"/0 "/$ %& "4 66 *1* + 4/ *2 "6 14 &&F"4 )"1008%.- "9 0 +"4 . "4 6 4 2 * )%6"6$411* . - * "4 / "/$ * "$ %- $ * & /"1 * A* 1F"4.2"$4A*"4."(.2*+&/4.2%.-"09"
/$*"430A*C1%&/*2"+*T(%+* )*./&"09"/$ %&"6 0 ( +&* :"
"
"
e4)*"R&/(2*./S!""n n n n n nn n n n n n n n n n nn n n n n n nnnnnnnnnnnnn""""""""""""Z4/*!"nnnnnnnn"
"
e4)*"R54+*./W-(4+2%4.S!""nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn""""""""""""Z4/*!"nnnnnnnn"
"
