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network allowed for wireless communication, this was not sufficient as the notion of long-range wireless,
WAN or MAN was important to differentiate the 802.16 standard from other wireless network standards.
Part (c) required candidates to explain the role of a switch in a local area network and accompany this
explanation with a diagram. Many candidates attempted this question and were able to draw the
supporting diagram correctly. Candidates lost marks for failing to note that the switch acts as a
connectivity device on the network and sends signals from node to node efficiently without broadcasting
messages to every node on the network.
Part (d) required candidates to describe how data is communicated in an IEEE 802.11b network, using a
diagram to support the response. Candidates were required to note that the medium for transmission is
wireless. Nodes must first associate with the access point, then for a node to transmit to another node
the communication must pass through the access point. Though in many cases wireless transmission was
noted, the details regarding the access point were omitted. As far as the diagram was concerned,
candidates were expected to clearly depict the access point along with the wireless node while using the
appropriate symbol to represent wireless communication.
In Part (e), candidates were asked to briefly explain specific factors that should be considered when
building a network. These factors included cost, security, management, expandability and
interconnectivity. Though many candidates attempted this question, several candidates did not clearly
expand on the given factors. For example, where security is concerned, issues of encryption, protection
of data and resources, firewalls, and virus protection are some of the detailed considerations, while in
terms of management, it is important to oversee the network and fix the problem while routinely
maintaining the network. Many candidates did not provide correct responses where expandability and
interconnectivity were concerned. Expandability is concerned with ensuring that the addition of new
nodes is easy while interconnectivity ensures that connecting to other networks and the Internet is
seamless.
Finally, Part (f) dealt with the OSI model for network communication and asked that candidates explain
the role of any two of the first five layers of this model. Correct responses would include the physical, data
link, network, transport and session layer. Though this question was generally well answered, some
candidates only noted the actual layer without a supporting explanation. This indicated that the purpose
of the layer was not clearly understood.
Question 6
This question tested the candidates’ knowledge of operating systems, namely, memory management,
device management, interrupts, types of operating systems, file security and the process control block.
Part (a) required candidates to explain the terms ‘virtual memory’, ‘paging’ and ‘thrashing’. This question
was poorly answered. Candidates were expected to note that virtual memory is disk space used to
maximize the amount of RAM available to programs, while paging is a memory management scheme used
by operating systems where data is copied from secondary storage in blocks for use in main memory. On
the other hand, thrashing occurs when a computer’s virtual memory subsystem is in a constant state of
paging, rapidly exchanging data in memory for data on disk.
Part (b) required candidates to explain how excessive paging affects a computer. Many candidates
attempted this question and were able to state that excessive paging causes degradation in the
computer’s performance. However, many candidates did not note that this degradation could lead to the
collapse of the system.