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The Properties of Matter

Chapter 1

Section 1: What Is Matter?

Section 2: Physical Properties

Section 3: Chemical Properties

What Is Matter?

Section 1

Matter

• A Universe Full of Matter Matter is anything that has

mass and takes up space. It’s that simple! Everything in the

universe that you can see is made up of some type of

matter.

What Is Matter?

Section 1

Matter and Volume

• Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are the units

used most often to express the volume of liquids.

• Measuring the Volume of Liquids In your science class,

you’ll probably use a graduated cylinder instead of a

measuring cup to measure the volume of liquids.

What Is Matter?

Section 1

Matter and Volume continued

• Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object The

volume of any solid object is expressed in cubic units.

• Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can

measure the volume of any solid object by measuring the

volume of water that the object displaces.

What Is Matter?

Section 1

• The Difference Between Mass and Weight Weight is a

measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The differences

between mass and weight are shown on the next slide.

• Measuring Mass and Weight The SI unit of mass is the

kilogram (kg), but mass is often expressed in grams (g) and

milligrams (mg), too. Weight is a measure of gravitational

force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the newton

(N).

Matter and Mass

The Difference Between Mass and Weight

Section 1

What Is Matter?

Section 1

• What Is Inertia? Inertia is the tendency of an object to

resist a change in motion.

• Mass: The Measure of Inertia Mass is a measure of

inertia. An object that has a large mass is harder to get

moving and harder to stop than an object that has less

mass.

Inertia

Physical Properties

Section 2

Physical Properties

• Identifying Matter You use physical properties every day.

For example, physical properties help you determine if your

socks are clean (odor), if your books will fit into your

backpack (volume), or if your shirt matches your pants

(color).

• Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space,

or volume.

• Liquid Layers If liquids are different densities are

carefully poured into a cylinder, the liquids will separate into

layers because of the differences in density.

Physical Properties

Section 2

Physical Properties continued

• Density of Solids Knowing the density of a substance

can tell you if the substance will float or sink in water. If the

density of an object is less than the density of water, the

object will float.

• Solving for Density Density equals mass divided by

volume.

• Using Density to Identify Substances Density is a

useful physical property for identifying substances. Each

substance has a density that differs from the densities of

other substances.

Physical Properties

Section 2

Physical Changes Do Not Form New

Substances

• Examples of Physical Changes Freezing water to make

ice cubes and sanding a piece of wood are examples of

physical changes.

• Matter and Physical Change Physical changes do not

change the identity of the matter involved.

Chemical Properties

Section 3

Chemical Properties

• Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Physical

properties are easy to observe. Chemical properties,

however, aren’t as easy to observe. For example, you can

see that wood is flammable only while it is burning.

• Characteristic Properties The properties that are most

useful in identifying a substance are characteristic

properties.These properties are always the same no matter

what size the sample is.

Chemical Properties

Section 3

Chemical Changes and New Substances

• What Happens During a Chemical Change? A chemical

change happens when one or more substances are

changed into new substances that have new and different

properties. Examples of chemical changes are shown on

the next slide.

• Signs of Chemical Changes Signs that indicate a

chemical change include a change in color or odor,

production of heat, fizzing and foaming, and sound or light

being given off.

• Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes

change the identity of the matter involved.

Examples of Chemical Changes

Section 3

Chemical Properties

Section 3

Physical Versus Chemical Changes

• A Change in Composition Physical changes do not

change the composition of a substance. But chemical

changes do alter the composition of a substance.

• Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily

reversed.They do not change the composition of a

substance. But composition does change in a chemical

change. So, most chemical changes are not easily

reversed.

The Properties of Matter

Chapter 2

Concept Map

Use the following terms to complete the concept map on

the next slide: weight, millimeters, mass, cubic centimeters,

matter, motion, volume, gravity.

Concept Map

Chapter 2

Concept Map

Chapter 2