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Research Organization – An entity that has applied for or received an R&D award from a Federal
research agency. This term has the same meaning as “entity” as defined in Section 223 of the
NDAA for 2021.
Federal research agency or Research agency – Any Federal department or agency with an
annual extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000. This term has the same meaning as
“funding agency” in NSPM-33.
Foreign government-sponsored talent recruitment program – Effort organized, managed, or
funded by a foreign government, or a foreign government instrumentality or entity, to recruit
science and technology professionals or students (regardless of citizenship or national origin, or
whether having a full-time or part-time position). Some foreign government-sponsored talent
recruitment programs operate with the intent to import or otherwise acquire from abroad,
sometimes through illicit means, proprietary technology or software, unpublished data and
methods, and intellectual property to further the military modernization goals and/or economic
goals of a foreign government. Many, but not all, programs aim to incentivize the targeted
individual to relocate physically to the foreign state for the above purpose. Some programs allow
for or encourage continued employment at United States research facilities or receipt of Federal
research funds while concurrently working at and/or receiving compensation from a foreign
institution, and some direct participants not to disclose their participation to United States
entities. Compensation could take many forms including cash, research funding, complimentary
foreign travel, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, promised future compensation,
or other types of remuneration or consideration, including in-kind compensation.
Gift – Includes any gratuity, favor, discount, entertainment, hospitality, loan, forbearance, license,
special access, equipment time, samples, research data, or other item having monetary value. A
gift also includes services as well gifts of training, transportation, local travel, lodging, meals,
research hours, whether provided in-kind, by purchase of a ticket, payment in advance, or
reimbursement after the expense has occurred. A gift by definition is given without expectation of
anything in return.
Honorarium – A payment of money or anything of value for an appearance, speech, article, or
other form of compensation or award.
Insider threat – The potential for an insider to use their authorized access or understanding of an
organization to harm that organization. This harm can include malicious, complacent, or
unintentional acts that negatively affect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the
organization, its data, personnel, or facilities.
11
Intramural Researcher – An agency employee who conducts research supported by the agency
in which they are employed.
Research and development (R&D) – Incudes basic research, applied research, and experimental
development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire
new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts. Applied
research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge, and directed
primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is creative and
systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience, which is
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https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Insider%20Threats%20101%20What%20You%20Need%20to%20Know_
508.pdf