HILLSDALE ACADEMY
9-12 Reference Guide
1
Introduction
H
illsdale College, a longtime advocate of educational reform in America, founded Hillsdale Academy
with two main purposes in mind: first, to provide local children with a highly traditional, classically
based curriculum stressing the development of moral character, basic skills and logical analysis;
second, to provide the country with a model for educational reform, a model that can be effectively
implemented in any school.
To prepare for the founding of the Academy, the College leadership undertook a study of existing alternative
schools and held a series of discussions with key figures in the educational reform movement, representatives of
the local community and major financial supporters of the College. The resulting plan called for an independent
K-12 school with a curriculum that would rely predominantly on primary sources such as historical documents,
biographies and autobiographies and the classic works of Western literature. The Academy would avoid
textbooks that have been subject to over-simplification, historical revisionism and an obsessive focus on real
and imaginary problems of American society. Finally, in all grades, special emphasis would be placed on moral
development through daily prayers, Bible reading and a variety of activities spiritual in orientation without being
denominational.
The concept took tangible form in the autumn of 1990, when Hillsdale Academy opened its doors to 45 Lower
School students. So successful has the Academy been both locally and nationally that, in the autumn of 1998, the
Academy moved to a new building on the College campus, able to accommodate its new Upper School as well.
STARTING YOUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL
Just as many other concerned parents, teachers and administrators have already done and continue to do, you
too can start your own school based on the Academy’s model. One of the most important prerequisites is having
something of an entrepreneurial spirit and a willingness to improvise. If the facilities and support of a local college
are not available, arrangements might be made with a local public library, fitness center or church for special access
times. Churches frequently have gymnasia, kitchens and recreation halls that are not used during much of the week.
Independent schools and home schooling associations that utilize the Hillsdale Academy Reference Guide need not
have grand facilities to provide an excellent education for their students.
It is commonly understood that establishing a high school program that effectively trains students to be
intelligent citizens with strong moral character is a very difficult task. Many good K-8 schools have failed to establish
high schools because of the difficulty in finding faculty members committed to a classical education, the challenges
of teaching teenagers in today’s society, and the resistance that inevitably emerges when a rigorous curriculum
competes with extracurricular activities for students’ attention. Parents sometimes do not, in the end, want what
a rigorous school has to offer. Likewise, a community does not always understand the significance and need for a
high school that provides a traditional liberal arts program—so entrenched has our society become in the current
educational progressivism. Hillsdale Academy’s experience, however, proves that a patient, determined staff can
2
establish the kind of school we recommend. Indeed, a successful school depends on a staff that maintains the
mission statement at the heart of all curricular decisions and that is dedicated to educating parents as well as
students. Common sense and civility lie at the heart of this success.
THE HILLSDALE ACADEMY DIFFERENCE
The materials included in the Reference Guide detail the policies, curriculum and teaching precepts by which Hillsdale
Academy has always operated. Many of the functional points noted will undoubtedly strike readers as a return to
common sense. The Academy recaptures the prudence that once guided virtually all American schools. And if the
Hillsdale Academy Reference Guide leaves readers with the impression that attending the Academy is very much
like going to a good school in the 1950s, our founders will be delighted. As The Detroit News observed, Hillsdale
Academy’s founders didn’t feel so much like innovators, but more “that [they were] engaged in the restoration of a
tradition that worked well.
Hillsdale Academy also places strong emphasis on the relationship between the school and the home,
recognizing the critical role of parents in fostering their children’s education. Above all else, we see ourselves as
allies of the family, reinforcing rather than undermining parents’ efforts to guide the intellectual, emotional and
spiritual development of their children.
This is the model we offer for the development of other alternative schools: a positive, constructive response to
the anti-family, anti-achievement and anti-Western heritage agenda so commonly followed in today’s schools. We
are confident that, if applied with energy, determination and a clear understanding of the circumstances to which
they must be adapted, our precepts can provide the basis for educational success in a wide variety of settings
throughout the nation.
3
Hillsdale Academy School Culture
H
illsdale Academy emphasizes daily the self-respect which results from a child’s academic accomplishment,
proper conduct and regard for others. When Academy students come to school, they come to important,
rigorous work in a well-structured and caring environment. Both their conduct and dress must support
the school’s seriousness of purpose.
START OF THE DAY
Every school day begins with a sequence of activities carefully designed to convey a clear sense of expectation and
demonstrate a personal concern for each individual student.
1. Welcome—As parents drop off their children in the morning and as older students who drive approach the
building from the parking lot, the teachers and the headmaster greet them individually. This simple act of civility
lets students of all ages know that their presence is appreciated at school.
2. Opening Ceremony—After the students have arrived, a formal Upper School ceremony is conducted every
morning in the school lobby. The students assemble by class, and the headmaster leads them in reciting the
Pledge of Allegiance. Next, designated students present, from memory, recitations of a poem, a portion of a
significant speech, a passage of prose or an excerpt from the Bible. The headmaster and teachers then make
announcements, and each teacher briefly shares recent noteworthy accomplishments made by students or
classes. These reports focus on academics, projects of interest or athletic events rather than on personal news.
3. Chapel—Once a week, the College Chaplain and headmaster lead the Academy in a brief chapel service, which
includes readings from the Old and New Testaments as well as a brief homily on those readings. While the
headmaster provides the majority of the homilies, guest speakers are sometimes invited to provide the homily
for the service. Chapel promotes the spiritual development of the students and reaffirms the Judeo-Christian
roots of the Academy.
START OF CLASS
The tone of the opening ceremony carries into the classroom as students begin their morning schedules. Each grade
has its own homeroom teacher and regular meeting place. Here, teachers interact with each student personally,
answering questions and listening to the occasional story while taking attendance, checking uniforms and making
announcements. A teacher may also choose to lead the class in prayer. This morning routine stresses personal
attention and helps students focus on the work ahead.
4
LUNCH TIME
At their designated times, students move to the
Academy Commons for lunch. While Lower School
students must sit at assigned tables, Upper School
students are extended the privilege of sitting with
whomever they choose.
The students are led in prayer before they begin to
dine. Though the students are encouraged to relax and
chat freely during lunch, the requirements of etiquette
and table manners maintain an atmosphere of order
and civility throughout the lunch period. Teachers
often dine with their Upper School students and set
an example of proper behavior. Students return trays,
dishes and utensils and clean up after themselves
before being dismissed for a short recess period.
SPECIAL ACTIVITY PERIODS
Class time is set aside throughout the week for
special enrichment activities. These sessions
supplement and enhance the Academy’s curriculum
in four important areas:
1. Music—Academy students participate in choral
singing; learn and practice vocal techniques; and
study musical notation, harmony, terminology and
history. Upper School students additionally study
classical music and music appreciation. At various
times throughout the year, all of the students
come together to sing at Academy events and
College and community functions.
Orchestra is offered as an elective in the Upper
School. One hour of credit is given, and a grade
is assigned by the director. The Upper School
orchestra rehearses once a week (twice when
performances draw near).
2. Art—Art classes allow students to explore
visual forms of expression and to cultivate an
aesthetic sense. Activities include drawing, using
watercolors, pottery making, viewing slides and
attending exhibits at the College’s gallery. Upper
School students additionally study historically
significant art and art appreciation.
3. Physical Education—All freshmen and sophomore
students are required to take physical education
classes. These classes become electives for
upperclassmen and for all student athletes during
their sport season. Students who take physical
education courses learn sports, games and basic
fitness skills that can help them maintain good
health throughout their adult lives. Above all,
these activities teach essential virtues, such as
courage, perseverance and individual contribution
to a team. All students receive instruction in the
rules and techniques of team sports and cultivate
athletic appreciation through group attendance
at College sporting events. Upper School students
are offered three seasons of extracurricular sports
each year.
4. Library—Both the Academy’s library and the
College’s library are available to students for
research and for worthy leisure reading. Parent
volunteers supervise the Academy’s library, and
teachers help with book selections and advise
students on appropriateness and reading level.
END OF THE DAY
The school day comes to an end in an organized
manner. Upper School students are released from
school according to their class schedules and their
status. Juniors and seniors in good standing with the
headmaster may leave the school grounds at the end
of their final class of the day (no earlier than 2:00 p.m.).
Freshmen and sophomores must remain in school
until the end of the last class period (3:25 p.m.). At the
end of their school day, students are reminded that
they should remove from their lockers all materials
needed for homework assignments. Older students,
with permission from parents and in good standing
with the headmaster, may drive to and from school.
HOMEWORK
Homework is an essential part of an Academy
education and is assigned Monday through Friday.
After-school study reinforces the day’s learning
activities and emphasizes that the school day should
not be the only time when the student’s task is to
practice, review or learn.
The Academy recognizes parents as partners in
their children’s educational progress and stresses
the crucial need for parents to establish and monitor
homework time, free from the distractions of
television, video games and other manifestations of
popular culture. Older students often receive long-
term assignments to help them learn how to plan
ahead and budget their time.
5
When involved in athletics, students must be
especially careful to budget their time wisely and
maintain contact with parents, teachers and coaches.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
In addition to a solid academic foundation, the
Academy promotes a firm grounding in traditional
moral principles. Beginning with clear standards of
personal conduct that support the home environment,
the Academy helps students develop good habits that
will continue in adulthood.
DRESS CODE
Hillsdale Academy maintains an official standard of
dress, complete with a school uniform that must be
worn every day. The dress code: 1) underscores the
Academy’s seriousness of purpose by encouraging
students to think of their attire as an aspect of their
work; 2) eliminates the self-consciousness and social
competition which popular fashion tends to promote;
and 3) fosters a sense of identity with the Academy.
CLASSROOM DECORUM
Students must maintain a respectful attitude in
class and respond to teachers with politeness
and deference. They must also remain quiet and
attentive during lessons and individual work. This
includes the raising of hands and waiting quietly
for permission to speak. Classes are structured
to ensure that students interact with one another
in appropriate ways. Whenever an adult enters
a classroom, all students rise and wait to be
acknowledged by the visitor.
DISCIPLINE
Hillsdale Academy has a uniform set of disciplinary
procedures, which is specified in the Student/
Parent Handbook. Teachers also take time at the
beginning of the academic year to discuss the specific
consequences of misbehavior. At the same time,
positive incentives are provided for proper behavior.
PARENTS’ ASSOCIATION
Close ties between home and school are essential
to Hillsdale Academy’s effectiveness. These ties
are strengthened through the Parents’ Association,
which plans field trips, coordinates library volunteers
and helps raise funds for curricular projects and
extracurricular activities. Association members meet
monthly and support the Academy’s mission.
SPECIAL EVENTS
Special programs are held throughout the academic
year to bring the entire Hillsdale Academy family
together in celebration of individual accomplishments
and a shared cultural heritage.
HONOR CEREMONIES
After the issuance of each set of report cards,
superior academic achievement is recognized in a
formal honor ceremony. Certificates are presented
to students who have qualified for the honor roll,
headmaster’s list and outstanding achievement
awards. Each autumn, selected seventh and eighth
graders are inducted into the National Junior Honor
Society, and selected tenth through twelfth graders
are inducted into the National Honor Society.
Admission to these societies reflects academic
accomplishment, as well as service, leadership and
similar characteristics essential to good citizenship.
GRADUATION
Graduation ceremonies for the twelfth grade are
held at the end of the third trimester. The ceremony
includes songs, readings and recitations as well as
speeches to the class from the headmaster, a guest
speaker and the class valedictorian. Each graduating
senior is given individual praise as time permits. The
ceremony is formal as befits the occasion.
7
Student/Parent Handbook
MISSION AND PHILOSOPHY
HILLSDALE COLLEGE MISSION STATEMENT
H
illsdale College is an independent, nonsectarian institution of higher learning founded in 1844 by men
and women “grateful to God for the inestimable blessings” resulting from civil and religious liberty and
“believing that the diffusion of learning is essential to the perpetuity of these blessings.” The College
pursues the stated objectives of the founders: “to furnish all persons who wish, irrespective of nationality,
color, or sex, a literary and scientific education” outstanding among American colleges and “to combine with this such
moral and social instruction as will best develop the minds and improve the hearts of its pupils.
The College considers itself a trustee of modern man’s intellectual and spiritual inheritance from the Judeo-Christian faith
and Greco-Roman culture, a heritage finding its clearest expression in the American experiment of self-government under law.
By training the young in the liberal arts, Hillsdale College prepares students to become leaders worthy of that
legacy. By encouraging the scholarship of its faculty, it contributes to the preservation of that legacy for future
generations. By publicly defending that legacy, it enlists the aid of other friends of free civilization and thus secures
the conditions of its own survival and independence.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY MISSION STATEMENT
Hillsdale Academy develops within its students the intellectual and personal habits and skills upon which responsible,
independent and productive lives are built, in the firm belief that such lives are the basis of a free and just society.
The Academy strives to offer enrichment and to develop character through both curricular and extracurricular
offerings, to nurture the child’s humanity—spirit, mind and body—with a constant view to the potential adult. The
time-honored liberal arts curriculum and pedagogy direct student achievement toward mastery of the basics,
exploration of the arts and sciences, and understanding of the foundational tenets of our Judeo-Christian and Greco-
Roman heritage. The curriculum, by purpose and design, is a survey of the best spiritual, intellectual and cultural
traditions of the West as they have been developed and refined over countless generations.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY LIBRARY MISSION STATEMENT
The Hillsdale Academy Library seeks to be a repository of knowledge and wisdom by acquiring, maintaining and
offering its students the best works of the Western liberal arts tradition. The library is thus at the center of the
Academy’s mission, a place for students as responsible individuals to discover, explore and begin their own dialogue
with that tradition. Faithful to the liberal spirit of that tradition, the library promotes research and reading in an
environment conducive to contemplation and seeks to foster worthy and age-appropriate leisure reading.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Hillsdale Academy represents a partnership among the students, parents, faculty, administration and staff. These
partners are united in their commitment to the common objectives outlined in the Mission Statement.
8
Students and parents respect Hillsdale Academy
teachers, as role models and instructors, for their
commitment to truth and their genuine concern for
children. Intelligence, creativity, responsibility and
loyalty are characteristics of the faculty.
Parents expect and appreciate direct and regular
communication from faculty regarding their children.
Reciprocally, parents are responsive to suggestions
from teachers and administrators for helping students.
The headmaster, under the authority of
Hillsdale College’s president and provost, oversees
the implementation of the Mission Statement in
the school. In their capacities as policy-makers and
community leaders, these administrators advance the
Academy’s role as an institution dedicated to providing
the best education for children.
Hillsdale Academy recognizes each child as
an individual who, by virtue of his humanity, is in
community with all the other children in the Academy,
regardless of age. By providing moral and ethical
standards, the Academy prepares its students to
accept the privileges and responsibilities of American
citizenship and to honor and respect their Maker.
Every child is capable of achieving his potential to
the fullest extent when afforded respect, fairness,
kindness, discipline and appropriate instruction.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY PARENTS’ ASSOCIATION
All parents of Hillsdale Academy students are members
of the Parents’ Association, which exists to promote
friendly relationships among parents, to acquaint them
with the spirit of Hillsdale Academy, to obtain their
cooperation with its objectives for the development of
their children and to initiate the parents’ involvement
in, and support for, projects and functions which aid the
Academy academically, socially and financially.
The mission of the Hillsdale Academy Parents’
Association is:
1. To help the Academy communicate with parents.
2. To help the parents understand the fundamental
premises upon which the Academy functions.
3. To help schedule, promote and host student and
parent activities.
4. To welcome new parents into the Association and to
instill in the new parents the need for their continued
involvement in and support of the Academy.
5. To encourage pride in the children and in the
Academy.
6. To assist the Academy in promoting its reputation
in the Hillsdale community.
STATEMENT OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION
Hillsdale College’s Judeo-Christian tradition broadly
guides the course of study and instruction at Hillsdale
Academy. The Academy offers instruction based
upon traditional, nondenominational biblical beliefs,
values and virtues that seek to develop those qualities
of life characteristic of man’s understanding of his
relationship to his Creator and his place in the world.
A weekly service conducted by the College
Chaplain and the headmaster addresses the spiritual
needs of the Academy’s students through Scripture, a
homily, prayer and song. Parents are encouraged to
participate in these services.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY PRAYER
Almighty God, we beseech Thee with Thy gracious
favor, to behold our universities, colleges and schools,
especially Hillsdale Academy and our headmaster, that
knowledge may be increased among us, and all good
learning flourish and abound. Bless all who teach and
all who learn, and grant that in humility of heart they
may ever look unto Thee, who art the fountain of all
wisdom, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
ENROLLMENT
Parents of students already attending Hillsdale
Academy are contacted first and allowed to re-
enroll their children by submitting a non-refundable
deposit of $200 by March 14. Application materials
are then made available at the Academy’s front
office to parents who seek admission of students
new to the Academy. Interviews with these families
are conducted, after which notification of each new
candidate’s status is made. Families for whom there is
an opening also submit the $200 deposit.
TUITION AND FEES
For the 2004-2005 academic year, tuition for the Upper
School is $3,900. A separate application fee of $25
covers administrative costs of processing applications
and maintaining waiting lists.
Tuition payment plans are available. Partial
scholarship assistance is extended on a limited basis.
Scholarship application forms are available in the
Academy’s front office on March 31 and are due by
May 2. Scholarship recipients are notified by June 18.
Parents who voluntarily withdraw their child from
Hillsdale Academy are responsible for the balance of
the tuition for the current trimester. Prorated refunds
9
are issued for students excused by Hillsdale Academy.
Parents are advised before the opening of school
each year as to the cost of the school lunch. Similarly,
parents are notified as to school uniform requirements
and where such purchases can be made.
ACADEMIC POLICY
Upper School students at Hillsdale Academy follow
a common, college preparatory course of study.
This includes four years each of Humane Letters
(history and literature, including civics and economics
in the senior year), Latin, laboratory science and
mathematics. Foreign language instruction begins in
Grade One; students may elect to continue their study
of modern languages in the Upper School by taking
either French or Spanish. Students also complete the
following: three years of rhetoric and composition, and
two years of art, music and physical education. After
completing pertinent courses, students may elect to
take Advanced Placement examinations in United
States history, chemistry, biology, physics, calculus,
English literature, French language, Spanish language
and Latin. Eligible juniors and seniors also have the
option to enroll in courses at Hillsdale College.
GRADUATION
To receive a diploma, a student must:
1. Attend Hillsdale Academy for at least one full
academic year. Transfer credit is determined
upon admission.
2. Maintain a minimum overall grade-point average
of C- (1.67).
3. Fulfill a minimum attainment level of C- (1.67)
in Latin 2, Algebra 2 and American civics and
economics.
GRADING
Parents receive both interim reports and full report
cards regarding their children’s academic standing and
citizenship. Teachers give most assignments and all tests
numerical designations, which then guide the teachers
in assigning interim report and full report card grades.
Teachers in the Upper School assign letter grades
according to the following scale:
95-100% ....... A 65-69% .......... C
90-94% .......... A- 60-64% .......... C-
85-89% ......... B+ 55-59% .......... D+
80-84% ......... B 50-54% .......... D
75-79% ......... B- below 50% ... F
70-74% .......... C+
An A is defined as excellent; B as above average; C
as average; D as below average; F as failing.
On the report card, a class profile is included in
each subject whereby a student’s grade may be seen
relative to the median grade in the class.
Grade-point average is calculated and published on
each report. For this purpose, grades are weighted by a
coefficient of the number of class meetings per week; e.g.
Latin has a coefficient of 5; music has a coefficient of 2.
COMMUNICATION
Apart from the normal midterm parent-teacher
conferences, teachers are asked to stay in
communication with parents regarding the quality of
student work. Parents are also invited to call teachers
during normal Academy hours or to make appointments
to discuss student work. In so doing, parents are kept
apprised of their student’s work on a consistent basis.
HONOR ROLL
Students who achieve a grade-point average of 3.0
or higher in a given marking period are placed on
the honor roll. In addition, students who achieve a
grade-point average of 3.67 or higher are placed on the
headmaster’s list.
NATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY
The National Honor Society was established to
recognize and encourage academic achievement
while developing service, leadership and similar
characteristics essential to citizens of a democracy.
Membership in Hillsdale Academy’s chapter of the
National Honor Society is an honor that the Academy
bestows on selected students, beginning in their
sophomore year. Members are expected to maintain
the high academic achievement and good character
which first earned them admittance into the chapter.
ACADEMIC WARNING AND PROBATION
A student is placed on academic warning for receiving one
F or two grades of D+ or lower in a marking period. A
student is placed on academic probation for (1)
receiving two Fs or three or more grades of D+ or lower in
a marking period, or (2) being placed on academic warning
for two consecutive marking periods. Students on
academic probation may not participate in interscholastic
sports. Any student who is placed on academic
probation for an entire year must repeat that grade.
CONFERENCES
Parent and teacher conferences are held three times a
10
year at mid-trimester. These meetings are designated
for discussing the student’s academic achievement
and citizenship. In addition, parents and teachers are
welcome to request conferences throughout the year.
HOMEWORK
Meaningful homework assignments are an important
part of the Academy’s curriculum. Teachers assign
quality homework for each school night, within the
following guidelines:
1. Upper School students typically receive from 30
to 45 minutes of homework per course, per day.
Students at times can expect an addition to the
number of minutes needed to properly complete
required homework assignments.
2. From Friday to Monday is considered one school night
for homework purposes; however, Friday to Monday
is considered three school nights for ongoing reading
assignments, major projects and major papers.
3. Homework may be assigned during long
weekends, but it is not assigned the day of a
vacation period to be due the day classes resume.
If a student spends more time on homework
than designated above, the teacher who assigned
the homework should be promptly informed so that
corrective measures can be taken. While homework
assignments may on occasion require more than the
designated time, if a student is spending excessive
time on homework with little likelihood of satisfactory
completion, the parent should help the student find
a reasonable stopping point and then attach to the
homework a note detailing the time spent on the
incomplete assignment. The teacher will accept the
homework and will then contact the parent to review
the circumstances. The headmaster should next be
consulted if these steps do not remedy the situation.
All homework assignments are to be completed
before the beginning of the class for which the work
was assigned. Failure to complete homework will
be dealt with according to the individual teacher’s
discretion. Teachers are required to contact parents if
three or more homework assignments are not turned
in on time during any marking period.
ARRIVAL PROCEDURES
Upper School students are to arrive at school no earlier
than 8:00 a.m. Students with a driver’s license and
written permission from parents on file in the front
office may drive to campus. Vehicles must be parked in
the designated student parking area, and keys must be
left in the front office to be picked up at dismissal.
Upon arrival, students should proceed to the
Academy lobby for the opening ceremony, which
begins at 8:20 a.m. This ceremony is separate from
that of the Lower School.
CHECK-OUT PRIVILEGES
Juniors and seniors in good standing may sign out for
lunch or free periods. Failure to sign in or out or tardiness
returning to class will result in this privilege being revoked.
DEPARTURE PROCEDURES
When a student is to ride home with someone other than
the customary driver, the student must turn in to the
front office, in advance, written permission signed by the
student’s parent. The permission slip must specify both
the new driver’s name and a description of the vehicle.
Students who walk or ride a bicycle to school are
encouraged to go directly home following dismissal.
ATTENDANCE
Regular school attendance is important to a student’s
academic success and also promotes good work habits
and self-discipline. Likewise, a student who has had a
proper night’s rest is better prepared to learn than one
who is tired due to a late night. Apart from extreme
circumstances, ten absences in a given trimester will
result in the student repeating that trimester.
Parents are to report all unplanned absences
to the front office by telephone. Students are not
to report their own absences. Students who are
dismissed from school early, for any reason, must sign
out from the front office.
Assignments for absent students may be obtained
from the front office between 3:30 and 4:00 p.m.
PREARRANGED ABSENCES
Upper School students who know in advance that they
will miss one or more of their classes are required to
obtain from the front office a Request-for-Prearranged-
Absence form. The form must be filled out by the
student, signed by the student’s parent and then
submitted to the headmaster.
When deemed reasonable, the headmaster will
approve absences for medical and dental appointments,
short family trips and similar occurrences. No requests
should be made during examinations periods, however,
and extended time missed from school is discouraged. If
the headmaster approves the absence, he will sign the
11
Request-for-Prearranged-Absence form. The student
must then present the form to each teacher whose
class will be missed, for notification purposes and to be
informed in writing of work which is to be made up.
In the case of an approved prearranged absence,
work may be made up by the student for full credit if
it is turned in within 48 hours.
ILLNESS
Students who become ill in class are required to
proceed to the front office, with assistance, for
parental notification. They will be required to remain
on campus until they are picked up by a parent. Under
no circumstances will Hillsdale Academy authorize an
ill student to drive himself or herself home.
Students who are deemed by a teacher or
administrator potentially to have a contagious illness
will be isolated from other students and will be taken
home by a parent. No such student will be permitted
to return to school until a physician’s note has been
submitted to the front office, indicating that the
student may safely return to school.
Hillsdale Academy is able to provide only routine
first aid for students who become ill or injured at
school. At the beginning of the school year, parents
may complete and turn in a permission card authorizing
the front office to administer Tylenol to their child if
circumstances warrant. Prescription medicine is kept
and administered in the front office only when the
Academy has on file a completed Medical Authorization
form signed by the student’s physician and parent. This
form is available at the front office.
LIBRARY
All students receive library orientation in English class
during the first week of school. At this time, students
are advised of specific library rules regarding the
use of library resources, checking out and returning
materials and appropriate library behavior.
The Academy continues to add new books to the
library and welcomes family suggestions for new pur-
chases. Students may present a book in honor of their
birthday. A bookplate bearing the student’s name will be
placed in the book and formally presented to the Acad-
emy during the opening ceremony on the students birth-
day. Suggested titles are available from the headmaster.
OFF-CAMPUS EDUCATIONAL
AND CULTURAL PROGRAMS
Hillsdale Academy considers off-campus education an
important aspect in the total development of each stu-
dent. Off-campus educational and cultural programs
provide students with an opportunity to use previously
acquired knowledge and skills, while gaining new knowl-
edge and skills. Academy faculty and/or administrators
are always included as chaperones on these trips.
Whenever students are off-campus on school-
sponsored trips, they are subject to the Academy’s
rules and are expected to observe the Academy’s
standards of politeness and civility.
CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE
The role of discipline at Hillsdale Academy is to create
an environment conducive to learning. It is to provide
an atmosphere of civility in which due respect will be
given to teachers and to individual students, as well
as to all institutional and private property so that all
members of the community will be allowed to pursue
learning without distraction. In addition, discipline at
the Academy ought always to uphold the essential
virtues established in the school’s Mission Statement
and professed in its curriculum. The Academy
recognizes that requiring good conduct in school
promotes students’ education on campus, encourages
good behavior off campus and helps prepare students
for good citizenship in adulthood. Accordingly,
students will be expected to adhere to the general
rules of the school as well as those rules established
by each teacher within his or her classroom.
DISCIPLINARY ACTION
Disciplinary action usually proceeds as follows:
1. Reprimand
2. Demerit
3. Detention (after school)
4. Suspension
5. Expulsion
To ensure uninterrupted learning, Hillsdale
Academy maintains a policy of demerits and
detentions with parental notification. The Academy’s
goal is to work closely with parents to uphold
standards of courtesy, respect and helpful behavior.
Demerits are issued for the following:
1. Improper classroom behavior.
2. Being disrespectful to an adult or child.
3. Teasing, roughhousing or fighting.
4. Lying or creating a false impression.
12
5. Displaying conduct deemed by the teacher or
headmaster to be unbecoming of a Hillsdale
Academy student.
A student serves a detention when a third
demerit is issued. Students are relieved of all demerits
at the conclusion of each marking period. Any student
who is subject to a fourth detention during one
marking period serves, instead, a one-day suspension.
Suspended students are required to submit all missed
academic work at the beginning of the next school
day. The headmaster may suspend any student when,
in his judgment, circumstances necessitate it.
Any student who demonstrates a general
unwillingness or inability to abide by classroom or
Hillsdale Academy rules is subject to expulsion. After
meeting with parents, the student and involved faculty,
the headmaster will decide if expulsion is warranted.
ACADEMIC HONESTY
Hillsdale Academy seeks to nurture absolute respect
for intellectual property. Any willful misrepresentation
of another’s work or ideas as one’s own—cheating or
plagiarizing—will be treated with utmost gravity.
PROHIBITED ITEMS
Any introduction of a weapon, an illegal drug, tobacco,
alcohol or sexually explicit material will be treated
as grounds for immediate expulsion. Any use of the
same either at school or outside school will similarly
be treated with utmost gravity and may be grounds
for immediate expulsion.
SCHOOL UNIFORM
The Hillsdale Academy uniform seeks to achieve a
handsome, business-like appearance for students and
to free them from fashion trends and peer pressure.
The McIntyre tartan plaid was selected to pay tribute
to Academy patrons, Dr. and Mrs. Charles S. McIntyre.
The only authorized emblem on clothing is the
Hillsdale Academy emblem, which is available at the
Hillsdale College bookstore. No other decoration or
designation is allowed. Sports caps, with or without
insignia, are unacceptable.
A full description of the school uniform, including
the uniform for physical education class, may be
obtained from the office. The uniform is to be worn
at all times during the school day and on field trips
unless parents are otherwise notified in writing by the
Academy. Dress uniform is required every Wednesday
and on special occasions. Dress code infractions will
require that a parent bring approved clothing to the
Academy office before a student may rejoin his class.
JEWELRY, MAKEUP AND HAIRSTYLE
The wearing of jewelry is limited to plain watches
without alarms, simple neck chains, and, for girls only,
single ear studs. Neck chains and watches should
be removed for P.E. and sports. Upper School girls
may wear discreet facial makeup and clear nail polish
only. Hair is to be neat and clean. Boys’ hair should
be off the collar and of uniform length. No facial hair
is allowed. Girls’ hair should be tied back or otherwise
held off the face. If a question arises regarding the
use of jewelry, makeup or hairstyle, the headmaster
has final authority to decide what is appropriate.
RULES FOR EXTRACURRICULAR
ATHLETICS
All students who intend to participate in any
extracurricular sport during the course of the
academic year must have one of their parents
complete Hillsdale Academy’s health form and
insurance-coverage-verification form after May 18
of the preceding academic year. Both forms must
be turned in to the front office before practice
begins. Students are not permitted to practice for or
participate in any athletic contest if both forms have
not yet been completed and turned in.
The headmaster and athletic director, in consultation
with teachers and coaches, determine which students are
eligible to participate on Hillsdale Academy teams and
which students are no longer eligible to participate on
Hillsdale Academy teams.
Students accepted to a team are required to abide
by the following rules:
1. It is the responsibility of students with permission
to leave early for an away game to contact their
teachers in person sufficiently prior to departure
to obtain work and assignments which will be
missed. Students who neglect to contact their
teachers in person will be held accountable for all
work, assignments and due dates, just as if they
had been in class, with no extensions given.
2. During games and on trips to and from games,
students are to abide by all Hillsdale Academy
rules and are to behave in such a manner as brings
credit to themselves, the team and the Academy.
3. Students who are absent from school for more
than half of the academic day on the day of a
game will not participate in that game.
13
4. Practice does not take place during the
academic day.
5. Students are to notify the coach of any injury or
accident which occurs to them or to another student.
6. On days when school is canceled due to inclement
weather, all practices, home games and away
games are canceled as well.
8. Students are to travel to and from games on
school-provided transportation, unless other
specific arrangements have been approved
by the coach in advance. Students are not drivers
of school-provided transportation.
9. All Hillsdale Academy athletic uniforms are to
be cleaned and returned to the Academy within
three days of the final game of the season.
MISCELLANEOUS
MESSAGES TO STUDENTS FROM PARENTS
Messages of an emergency nature only are delivered
to students during the school day. All other messages
are delivered after the school day ends.
DELIVERY OF ITEMS BY OUTSIDE VENDORS
Students are not to disrupt the school day by ordering
and arranging for the delivery of items from outside
vendors, e.g. food, flowers, balloons, etc. Parents are
asked to have such orders delivered to the students
homes; otherwise, items delivered to the Academy will
be kept at the front office until the end of the school day.
FOOD
Aside from the luncheon period, students are allowed
to partake of food and drink only during specified
times. When permission has been granted in a
prior announcement, students may bring food for
consumption during school events and activities
which occur after school. Otherwise, personal
consumption of food and beverages, including candy
and chewing gum, is never permitted on campus.
Under no circumstances may students keep food or
beverages at school overnight in their lockers.
LOST AND FOUND
Lost items should be reported to the front office, and
found items should be turned in to the front office.
TELEPHONES
Students must obtain permission at the front office
for using the Academy’s telephone. Outgoing calls
should be of an urgent nature and should be kept
brief. Students do not have permission to bring or use
portable telephones on campus.
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Students are not to bring electronic equipment to cam-
pus, except for class use as authorized by the teacher.
FIRE DRILLS
When the fire alarm sounds, all students should go
quickly and quietly by class to the approved exit dis-
played in the classroom. The last person exiting the
classroom must turn out the lights and close the door.
Students should then proceed to the back of the parking
lot nearest their exit. They should stand silently while
the teacher takes attendance. When the return signal
sounds, everyone should return to class quietly. In case
of an actual fire, students will remain in a designated
area on the Academy campus until they receive further
directions and parent notification has taken place.
A copy of the fire emergency procedure with
evacuation plan is posted in each classroom.
TORNADO DRILLS
When an announcement is made, all students should
go quickly and quietly by class to the approved school
location displayed in the classroom. Students should
then position themselves on their hands and knees,
facing the exterior walls. Students will be told when
to return quietly to their classrooms. In case of an
actual tornado, students will remain in their approved
locations until they receive further directions and par-
ent notification has taken place.
A copy of the tornado emergency procedure with
evacuation plan is posted in each classroom.
INCLEMENT WEATHER ANNOUNCEMENTS
Delayed openings and school-day cancellations are
generally announced by 6:30 a.m. on local radio
stations WCSR (1340 AM and 92.1 FM) and WMXE
(102.5 FM) and on WILX (TV Channel 10). Parents and
students are requested not to call the Academy office
or Academy personnel for this information.
VISITORS
All visitors, including parents, must report to the front
office prior to entering classrooms. Former students
and guests must have prior approval from the
headmaster in order to visit during the school day.
14
AN AFFIRMATION
The Affirmation Statement is read at orientation prior to the start of each school year. Each family is asked to sign a
written copy of the statement, thus affirming their support of the Academy’s mission and policies.
We the families and staff of Hillsdale Academy affirm the following:
THE ACADEMY MISSION STATEMENT:
Hillsdale Academy develops within its students the intellectual and personal habits and skills upon which responsible,
independent, and productive lives are built, in the firm belief that such lives are the basis of a free and just society.
The Academy strives to offer enrichment and to develop character through both curricular and extracurricular
offerings, to nurture the child’s humanity—spirit, mind and body—with a constant view to the potential adult. The
time-honored liberal arts curriculum and pedagogy direct student achievement toward mastery of the basics,
exploration of the arts and sciences and understanding of the foundational tenets of our Judeo-Christian and Greco-
Roman heritage. The curriculum by purpose and design is a survey of the best spiritual, intellectual and cultural
traditions of the West as they have been developed and refined over countless generations.
ACADEMY LIFE (FROM THE HILLSDALE ACADEMY EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY):
Students and parents respect Hillsdale Academy teachers, as role models and instructors, for their commitment to truth
and their genuine concern for children. Intelligence, creativity, responsibility and loyalty are characteristics of the faculty.
Parents expect and appreciate direct and regular communication from faculty regarding their children. Reciprocally,
parents are responsive to suggestions from teachers and administrators for helping students.
The headmaster, under the authority of Hillsdale College’s president and provost, oversees the implementation of the
Mission Statement in the school. In their capacities as policy-makers and community leaders, these administrators
advance the Academy’s role as an institution dedicated to providing the best education for children.
By providing moral and ethical standards, the Academy prepares its students to accept the privileges and responsibilities
of citizenship in a democratic society that honors and respects its Maker. Every child is capable of achieving his potential
to the fullest extent when afforded respect, fairness, kindness, discipline and appropriate instruction.
THEREFORE WE SUPPORT the Mission Statement as it is expressed in the curriculum and school culture of the
Academy. We uphold the Student/Parent Handbooks. This includes support of the high academic standards of our
school; the uniform code; the code of discipline; the code of good sportsmanship in athletics; and a general culture of
respect for the administrators, teachers and students of Hillsdale Academy.
Signed:
Date:
15
Faculty Handbook
I
t is expected that all teachers are familiar with and understand the content of the Hillsdale Academy Faculty
Handbook and the Hillsdale Academy Parent Handbook prior to their signing and accepting an annual contract of
employment. The formal signing of the contract will witness this fact.
Each Handbook is subject to alteration without previous notice by the headmaster of the Academy or the
provost of the College. In each instance, such changes will be formally communicated to the faculty in a timely manner.
MISSION AND PHILOSOPHY
HILLSDALE COLLEGE MISSION STATEMENT
Hillsdale College is an independent, nonsectarian institution of higher learning founded in 1844 by men and women
“grateful to God for the inestimable blessings” resulting from civil and religious liberty and “believing that the
diffusion of learning is essential to the perpetuity of these blessings.” The College pursues the stated objectives of the
founders: “to furnish all persons who wish, irrespective of nationality, color, or sex, a literary and scientific education”
outstanding among American colleges and “to combine with this such moral and social instruction as will best
develop the minds and improve the hearts of its pupils.
The College considers itself a trustee of modern man’s intellectual and spiritual inheritance from the Judeo-
Christian faith and Greco-Roman culture, a heritage finding its clearest expression in the American experiment of self-
government under law.
By training the young in the liberal arts, Hillsdale College prepares students to become leaders worthy of that
legacy. By encouraging the scholarship of its faculty, it contributes to the preservation of that legacy for future
generations. By publicly defending that legacy, it enlists the aid of other friends of free civilization and thus secures
the conditions of its own survival and independence.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY MISSION STATEMENT
Hillsdale Academy develops within its students the intellectual and personal habits and skills upon which responsible,
independent and productive lives are built, in the firm belief that such lives are the basis of a free and just society.
The Academy strives to offer enrichment and to develop character through both curricular and extracurricular
offerings, to nurture the child’s humanity—spirit, mind and body—with a constant view to the potential adult. The
time-honored liberal arts curriculum and pedagogy direct student achievement toward mastery of the basics,
exploration of the arts and sciences, and understanding of the foundational tenets of our Judeo-Christian and Greco-
Roman heritage. The curriculum, by purpose and design, is a survey of the best spiritual, intellectual and cultural
traditions of the West as they have been developed and refined over countless generations.
16
HILLSDALE ACADEMY LIBRARY
MISSION STATEMENT
The Hillsdale Academy Library seeks to be a repository
of knowledge and wisdom by acquiring, maintaining
and offering its students the best works of the
Western liberal arts tradition. The library is thus at the
center of the Academy’s mission, a place for students
as responsible persons to discover, explore and begin
their own dialogue with that tradition. Faithful to the
liberal spirit of that tradition, the library promotes
research and reading in an environment conducive to
contemplation and seeks to foster worthy and age-
appropriate leisure reading.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Hillsdale Academy represents a partnership among
the students, parents, faculty, administration and staff.
These partners are united in their commitment to the
common objectives outlined in the Mission Statement.
Students and parents respect Hillsdale Academy
teachers, as role models and instructors, for their
commitment to truth and their genuine concern for
children. Intelligence, creativity, responsibility and
loyalty are characteristics of the faculty.
Parents expect and appreciate direct and regular
communication from faculty regarding their children.
Reciprocally, parents are responsive to suggestions
from teachers and administrators for helping students.
The headmaster, under the authority of
Hillsdale College’s president and provost, oversees
the implementation of the Mission Statement in
the school. In their capacities as policy-makers and
community leaders, these administrators advance the
Academy’s role as an institution dedicated to providing
the best education for children.
Hillsdale Academy recognizes each child as
a person who, by virtue of his humanity, is in
community with all the other children in the Academy,
regardless of age. By providing moral and ethical
standards, the Academy prepares its students to
accept the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship
in a democratic society that honors and respects its
Maker. Every child is capable of achieving his potential
to the fullest extent when afforded respect, fairness,
kindness, discipline and appropriate instruction.
STATEMENT OF RELIGIOUS
INSTRUCTION
Hillsdale College’s Judeo-Christian tradition broadly
guides the course of study and instruction based
upon traditional, nondenominational biblical beliefs,
values and virtues that seek to develop those qualities
of life characteristic of man’s understanding of his
relationship to his Creator and his place in the world.
A weekly service conducted by the College Chaplain
and the headmaster addresses the spiritual needs of
the Academy’s students through Scripture, a homily,
prayer and song.
HILLSDALE ACADEMY PRAYER
Almighty God, we beseech Thee with Thy gracious
favor, to behold our universities, colleges and schools,
especially Hillsdale Academy and our headmaster, that
knowledge may be increased among us, and all good
learning flourish and abound. Bless all who teach and
all who learn, and grant that in humility of heart they
may ever look unto Thee, who art the fountain of all
wisdom, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
EMPLOYMENT POLICY
HIRING POLICIES AND PRACTICES
A. When an opening occurs or a position is added,
a search will be conducted by the headmaster,
the provost and the assistant to the provost for
qualified applicants.
B. Candidates will be reviewed on the basis of (1)
mastery of the subject area(s) for the grades
to be taught, (2) educational background, (3)
experience, (4) recommendations, (5) personal
interview to evaluate compatibility with the
Academy’s mission, (6) love of learning, and (7)
ability to teach. State certification is considered
but is not mandatory.
C. Only the provost is authorized to make an offer of
employment.
D. All appointments are made on a limited one-year
contract basis. The College allows time off for
illness (eight days per year plus use of banked
days for serious illnesses), bereavement leave,
jury duty, military-reserve service and two days
for personal business. Tenure does not apply.
A leave of absence may be granted without a
promise of future employment.
17
E. The annual contract runs from September 1
through August 31. Faculty may be required to
perform duties before the first day of school and
after the last day of school. Paychecks are held
in the Business Office on the last business day of
each month, unless direct deposit is requested.
F. Employment requires (while at school or school
functions) adherence to standards dictated by
law, professional ethics, high moral principles,
dedication and loyalty to Hillsdale Academy and
the policies and practices established in the
Faculty and Student/Parent Handbooks.
TERMINATION POLICIES AND PRACTICES
A. The following are grounds for dismissal:
incompetence, insubordination, unprofessional
conduct, misappropriation of funds or property,
immorality, an inability or an unwillingness to
abide by school policy, and other just cause
deemed to be detrimental to the Academy or the
students, and breach of contract.
B. The entire Hillsdale Academy campus has been
designated a year-round smoke-free and alcohol-
free environment. Accordingly, no employees are
to smoke, use tobacco products, use intoxicants or
be under the influence of intoxicants on campus.
C. A faculty member is to be given at least 30 days
notice in the event of termination except in cases
of gross misconduct. This may or may not involve
continued teaching at the Academy, depending on
the circumstance(s) and reason(s) for which the
termination is made.
D. A faculty member who decides to resign or
terminate his or her contract is expected to give
the Academy a 30-day notice of such action.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE HEADMASTER
The headmaster reports directly to the provost. His
responsibilities include:
1. Providing overall academic and spiritual
leadership and guidance to students and faculty.
2. Approving admission of students to the Academy.
3. Overseeing the curricular, physical and financial
operations of the Academy.
4. Evaluating the faculty, including monitoring
the implementation of the Hillsdale Academy
Reference Guide.
5. Assigning various responsibilities to faculty and staff.
6. Maintaining the Academy’s accreditation.
7. Meeting and consulting with the ParentsAssociation.
8. Developing and maintaining long-range planning
to ensure the future of Hillsdale Academy.
9. Teaching classes at the Academy, as requested by
the College.
10. Representing the Academy off campus, as
requested by the College.
11. Advancing the Academy’s overall mission.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TEACHERS
Each teacher reports directly to the headmaster. The
teacher’s responsibilities include:
1. Providing daily instruction to the Academy’s
students, according to the Academy’s curriculum.
2. Promoting an atmosphere of integrity, rigorous
effort, intellectual vigor and respect for others.
3. Continuing to grow professionally in knowledge
and understanding of content taught and of
teaching methodology.
4. Implementing the Academy’s mission, as well
as the rules and procedures in the Faculty and
Student/Parent Handbooks.
5. Notifying parents in a timely manner of students’
scholastic progress and deportment.
6. Submitting to the headmaster for advance
approval all general mailings to parents and all
notices to be included in the Parent Envelope sent
home with students each Tuesday.
7. Attending meetings scheduled by the headmaster
both before and after the academic year and
supporting Academy-sponsored activities and events.
8. Bringing to the attention of the headmaster
needed curricular materials and supplies.
9. Bringing to the attention of the headmaster any
health or safety concerns or hazards.
10. Fulfilling other school-related responsibilities
assigned by the headmaster.
BENEFITS
Full-time Academy teachers receive medical insurance,
group disability insurance, group life insurance and retire-
ment benefits through Hillsdale College. Annual updates
will be received from the Personnel Office (see appendix).
Once a year, the provost and the headmaster des-
ignate available funds for continuing faculty education.
These funds cover one-half tuition for up to 12 credit
hours per teacher per year, with no more than three
credit hours paid during any one fall or spring semester.
Course content and class meeting times must be ap-
proved by the headmaster prior to course enrollment,
and final course grade of at least a B must be earned.
18
SUPERVISION OF STUDENTS
The supervision of students is the responsibility of all fac-
ulty members. The faculty is expected to take an active
part in supervising all Academy students, not just the stu-
dents under a particular teacher’s charge. All students
are to be supervised whenever they are on campus dur-
ing the academic day, whenever they are on campus
participating in extracurricular activities and whenever
they are off campus on Academy-sponsored trips.
ATTENDANCE
Unless the headmaster gives permission in advance,
teachers are to be on campus no later than 7:45 a.m.
and are not to leave campus before 3:45 p.m., Monday
through Friday.
In cases of illness or emergency, the Academy’s
front office should be informed of the absence at
7:00 a.m. and asked to arrange necessary coverage.
STUDENT CONDUCT AND
DISCIPLINE
Hillsdale Academy recognizes that good conduct
of students in school promotes their education on
campus and good behavior off campus. Accordingly,
all teachers are to disseminate and explain classroom
and school rules, as well as consequences for not
following the rules. Each teacher’s rules are to
address class attendance, preparedness, quality of
work, respectful behavior and good citizenship.
STUDENT DISCIPLINARY ACTION
Disciplinary action usually proceeds as follows:
1. Reprimand
2. Demerit
3. Detention (after school)
4. Suspension
5. Expulsion
To ensure uninterrupted learning, Hillsdale
Academy maintains a policy of demerits and
detentions with parental notification. The Academy’s
goal is to work closely with parents to uphold
standards of courtesy, respect and helpful behavior.
Demerits are issued when a student displays
conduct deemed by the teacher or headmaster to
be unbecoming of a Hillsdale Academy student.
Examples of such conduct are:
1. Leaving an assigned seat without permission.
2. Speaking without permission.
3. Being disrespectful to an adult or child.
4. Teasing, roughhousing or fighting.
5. Lying or creating a false impression.
6. Excessive tardiness.
A student serves a detention when a third
demerit is issued or when the headmaster deems
necessary. The student notifies parents when a
detention is assigned, and detention is served on that
same day. Students are relieved of all demerits at the
conclusion of each marking period.
Any student who is subject to a fourth detention
during one marking period serves, instead, a one-
day suspension in school. Suspended students are
required to submit all missed academic work at the
beginning of the next school day. The headmaster
may suspend any student when, in his judgment,
circumstances make it necessary.
Any student who demonstrates a general
unwillingness or inability to abide by classroom or
Hillsdale Academy rules is subject to expulsion. After
meeting with parents, the student and involved faculty,
the headmaster will decide if expulsion is warranted.
ACADEMIC HONESTY
Hillsdale Academy seeks to nurture absolute respect
for intellectual property. Any willful misrepresentation
of another’s work or ideas as one’s own—cheating or
plagiarizing—will be treated with utmost gravity.
PROHIBITED ITEMS
Any introduction of a weapon, an illegal drug, tobacco
or alcohol will be treated as grounds for immediate
expulsion. Any use of the same, either at school or
outside school, will similarly be treated with utmost
gravity and may be grounds for immediate expulsion.
PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCES
Parent-teacher conferences are scheduled once each
marking period. Teachers are expected to be in
conference or available for conference at the Academy
during the entire conference period.
DRESS CODE
Teachers are to dress professionally and appropriately
to their teaching responsibilities throughout the
19
school day. Casual dress and casual-looking dress are
not considered professional dress unless there is an
Academy casual-dress day.
ACADEMY PROPERTY
Hillsdale Academy property may not be borrowed,
lent or sold without prior written approval of the
headmaster.
PERSONAL PROPERTY
The College’s insurance covers only property owned by
the Academy. Teachers should verify that their own
insurance covers personal items brought on campus.
Students should be discouraged from bringing
property of value to campus.
KEYS
All keys are issued to teachers by the headmaster
and are to be returned to him at the end of service
to the school. No keys are to be duplicated or
distributed to others without the headmaster’s
advance permission.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
The use of corporal punishment is strictly forbidden.
LIABILITY
Teachers are legally responsible for the supervision
and well being of the students in their charge in
particular, and of students in their vicinity in general.
Liability suits against teachers typically result when a
teacher (1) is absent from his or her place of assigned
duty, (2) uses equipment that is not in good repair, or
(3) fails to give adequate instruction before a student
attempts an activity in which skill is involved.
REPORT CARDS
All report cards are to be submitted to the headmaster
for approval in advance of the distribution date.
Ungrammatical and otherwise unprofessionally
prepared documents will be returned to the teacher for
revision.
All comments are to be accurate, informative,
neat, legible and relevant to those areas in which the
teacher is evaluating the student. Whenever possible,
specific suggestions for improving a student’s work
should be included.
GRADING
Parents receive both interim reports and full report
cards regarding their children’s academic standing and
citizenship. Teachers give most assignments and all
tests numerical designations, which then guide the
teachers in assigning interim-report and full-report
card grades.
Teachers in the Upper School assign letter grades
according to the following scale:
95-100% ....... A 65-69% .......... C
90-94% .......... A- 60-64% .......... C-
85-89% ......... B+ 55-59% .......... D+
80-84% ......... B 50-54% .......... D
75-79% ......... B- below 50% ... F
70-74% .......... C+
An A is defined as excellent: B as above average; C
as average; D as below average; F as failing.
Grade-point average is calculated and published
on each report. For this purpose, grades are weighted
by a coefficient equal to the number of class meetings
per week; e.g., English has a coefficient of five; music
has a coefficient of two.
COMMUNICATION
Apart from the normal midterm parent-teacher
conferences, teachers are asked to communicate with
parents regarding the quality of student work. Teachers
are also encouraged to accept parent calls during
appropriate Academy hours or to make appointments
to discuss student work. In so doing, parents are kept
consistently apprised of their student’s work.
HOMEWORK
Meaningful homework assignments are an important
part of the Academy’s curriculum. Generally, teachers
are to assign quality homework for each school night,
within the following guidelines:
1. Upper School students receive from 30 to 45
minutes of homework per course, per day.
Students in reading-intensive courses can expect
occasionally to spend more time meeting
homework requirements.
20
2. From Friday to Monday is considered one school night
for homework purposes; however, Friday to Monday
is considered three school nights for ongoing reading
assignments, major projects and major papers.
3. Homework may be assigned during long
weekends, but it should not be assigned the day
before a vacation period begins, to be due the day
classes resume.
All homework assignments are to be completed
before the beginning of the class for which the work
was assigned. Failure to complete homework on time
is not acceptable, and each teacher should establish
grading procedures regarding late homework.
PARKING
Teachers are to park in the designated faculty section
of the parking lot.
FIRE DRILLS
When the fire alarm sounds, all students should go
quickly and quietly by class to the approved exit
displayed in the classroom. The last person exiting
the classroom must turn out the lights and close the
door. Students should then proceed to the back of the
parking lot nearest their exit and stand silently while
the teacher takes attendance. When the return signal
sounds, everyone should return to class quietly. In case
of an actual fire, students will remain in a designated
area on the Academy campus until they receive further
directions and parent notification has taken place.
A copy of the fire emergency procedure with
evacuation plan is posted in each classroom.
TORNADO DRILLS
When an announcement is made, all students
should go quickly and quietly by class to the
approved school location displayed in the classroom.
Students should then position themselves on
their hands and knees, facing the exterior walls.
Students will be told when to return quietly to their
classrooms. In case of an actual tornado, students
will remain in their approved locations until they
receive further directions and parent notification has
taken place.
A copy of the tornado emergency procedure with
evacuation plan is posted in each classroom.
INCLEMENT WEATHER
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Delayed openings and school-day cancellations are
generally announced by 6:30 a.m. on local radio
stations WCSR (1340 AM and 92.1 FM) and WMXE (102.5
FM) and on WILX (TV Channel 10). A phone tree is in
place to notify teachers, who are requested not to call
the Academy office for cancellation information.
VISITORS
All visitors must report to the front office before
proceeding anywhere else on campus. Teachers are
to report any suspicious activity to the front office.
FACULTY EVALUATION
The Academy regards faculty evaluations as part of a
larger evaluation process by which all of its members
seek to enhance the fulfillment of their professional
responsibilities. This process begins prior to the
teacher’s appointment and continues each year
thereafter. While one of the goals of evaluation is to
provide information useful for salary decisions, faculty
development is another equally important objective.
The faculty member’s primary responsibility is
classroom teaching, followed closely by continued
intellectual and professional growth. Other important
responsibilities include service to the Academy, the
College and the community.
The headmaster, in consultation with the provost,
determines the annual evaluation process and the
instruments to be used in evaluating each teacher.
Such information is disseminated and explained
during the opening faculty meeting each academic
year. Teachers can expect particular attention to be
paid to the following:
I. CLASSROOM TEACHING
Does the teacher:
A. Fulfill such basic responsibilities as meeting
classes regularly and punctually, being available to
students for out-of-class assistance and returning
tests and papers promptly?
B. Implement the curriculum and methodology
specified in the Reference Guide?
C.
Organize and plan instruction around defined
objectives?
D. Communicate course content clearly,
systematically, forcefully and enthusiastically?
21
E. Handle student difficulties, concerns and
questions in such a way as to maintain the
respect of students, parents and colleagues?
F. Maintain and submit academic records in a timely
fashion?
G. Submit effective evaluations of students?
II. PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Does the teacher:
A. Continue his or her education through seminar
and conference attendance, in-service training,
enrollment in graduate courses and reading and
studying on one’s own?
B. Make formal presentations at seminars,
conferences and in-service training, as well as
publish scholarly works?
III. SERVICE TO THE ACADEMY AND COLLEGE
Does the teacher:
A. Plan and implement special student activities that
reflect the Academy’s mission?
B. Volunteer to lead extracurricular activities?
C. Serve as a cooperating teacher for a student
teacher?
D. Support Academy events?
E. Speak on behalf of the Academy and see that
the Academy is well represented at community
events?
IV. SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY
Does the teacher:
A. Belong to a local church or local civic organization?
B. Participate in local charities?
Completed faculty evaluations are placed in each
teacher’s personnel file. Also included in such files
are transcripts, copies of teaching certificates and
other credentials, the current employment contract
and other necessary documentation. Such files are
maintained in the headmaster’s office. Each teacher’s
file is treated as privileged and confidential but may
be reviewed by the teacher with the headmaster.
RULES FOR EXTRACURRICULAR
ATHLETICS
All students who intend to participate in any
extracurricular sport during the course of the
academic year must have one of their parents
complete Hillsdale Academy’s health form and
insurance-coverage-verification form after May 18
of the preceding academic year. Both forms must
be turned in to the front office before practice
begins. Students are not permitted to practice for or
participate in any athletic contest if both forms have
not been completed and turned in.
The headmaster, in consultation with the athletic
director, coaches and teachers, determines 1) which
students are eligible to participate on Hillsdale
Academy teams, and 2) which students are no longer
eligible to participate on Hillsdale Academy teams.
Students accepted to a team are required to abide
by the following rules:
1. It is the responsibility of the students who have
been granted permission to leave early for
an away game to tell their teachers in person
sufficiently prior to departure to obtain work and
assignments which will be missed. Students who
neglect to tell their teachers in person will be held
accountable for all work, assignments and due
dates, just as if they had been in class, with no
extensions given.
2. During games and on trips to and from games,
students are to abide by all Hillsdale Academy
rules and are to behave in such a manner as
brings credit to themselves, the team and the
Academy.
3. Students who are absent from school for more
than half of the academic day on the day of a
game will not participate in that game.
4. Practice does not take place during the academic
day.
5. Students are to notify the coach of any injury
or accident which occurs to them or to another
student.
6. On days when school is canceled because of
inclement weather, all practices, home games and
away games are canceled as well.
7. Students are to travel to and from games on
school-provided transportation unless the coach
has approved other specific arrangements in
advance. Students are not drivers of school-
provided transportation.
8. All Hillsdale Academy athletic uniforms are to
be cleaned and returned to the Academy within
three days of the final game of the season.
23
Curriculum Overview
ACADEMIC PROGRAM AND GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
Upper School students at Hillsdale Academy follow a common, college preparatory course of study. This includes
four years each of Humane Letters (history and literature, including civics and economics in the senior year), Latin,
laboratory science and mathematics. Foreign language instruction begins in Grade One; students may elect to
continue their study of modern languages in the Upper School by taking either French or Spanish. Students also
complete the following: three years of rhetoric and composition and two years of art, music and physical education.
After completing pertinent courses, students may elect to take Advanced Placement examinations in United States
history, chemistry, biology, physics, calculus, English literature, French language, Spanish language and Latin. Though
the Academy’s courses are not designed to “teach to test,” they offer ample preparation for those students who
choose to take an AP exam.
To receive a diploma, a student must maintain a minimum overall grade-point average of C- (1.67) as well as fulfill
a minimum attainment level of C- (1.67) in Latin II, Algebra II, American civics and economics.
The following pages contain syllabi for each of the required courses below and overviews for each of the electives. All
courses have been designed to remain consistent with the Academy’s mission to provide a classical liberal arts education.
9TH GRADE
REQUIRED COURSES:
Humane Letters – The Classical and Biblical World
Latin I
Geometry (prerequisite: C- or above in Algebra I)
Rhetoric and Composition
Biology
Computer Skills
Art/Choir
P.E.
ELECTIVE COURSES:
French I, II or III (prerequisite for French II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Spanish I
Orchestra
24
10TH GRADE
REQUIRED COURSES:
Humane Letters – Medieval and Modern Europe (to A.D. 1900)
Latin II (prerequisite: C- or above in Latin I)
Algebra II (prerequisite: C- or above in Geometry)
Rhetoric and Composition
Physics (prerequisite: C- or above in Biology)
Art/Choir
P.E.
ELECTIVE COURSES:
French I, II, III or IV (prerequisite for French II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Spanish I or II (prerequisite for Spanish II: C- or above in previous course)
Orchestra
11TH GRADE
REQUIRED COURSES:
American Studies (History and Literature – A.D. 1620 - present)
Latin III (prerequisite: C- or above in Latin II)
Advanced Math (prerequisite: C- or above in Algebra II)
Rhetoric and Composition
Chemistry (prerequisite: C- or above in Physics)
ELECTIVE COURSES:
French I, II, III or IV (prerequisite for French II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Spanish I, II or III (prerequisite for Spanish II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Art
Choir
Orchestra
P.E.
Eligible juniors may also take courses at Hillsdale College
12TH GRADE
REQUIRED COURSES:
American Civics and Economics
British Literature
Latin IV (prerequisite: C- or above in Latin III)
Calculus (prerequisite: C- or above in Advanced Math)
Advanced Biology or Advanced Physics/Astronomy (prerequisite: C- or above in Chemistry)
ELECTIVE COURSES:
French I, II, III or IV (prerequisite for French II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Spanish I, II, III or IV (prerequisite for Spanish II and higher: C- or above in previous course)
Art
Choir
Or
chestra
P.E.
Eligible seniors may also take courses at Hillsdale College
25
The Humane Letters Overview:
History and Literature at Hillsdale Academy
T
he Hillsdale Academy curriculum maintains an unwavering commitment to the enduring principles of
Western civilization. Careful study of the history and great literature of the West is at the core of the
Academy’s curriculum. Each Upper School student takes four years of rigorous coursework in Western
history and literature. Called the Humane Letters curriculum, this course of study offers concurrent and
coordinated history and literature classes.
1
The Humane Letters sequence begins in the ninth grade with an analysis of Hebrew, Greek, Roman and Christian
history and literature. In the tenth grade, the study continues with a survey of medieval and early modern European
history and literature. The eleventh grade examination of American history and literature leads into a twelfth grade
course in American civics and economics. In this senior-year capstone course, students study the sources of our
American liberty. They see, we hope, the indissoluble connection between liberal learning and liberty. As James
Madison asked, “What spectacle can be more edifying or more reasonable, than that of Liberty and Learning, each
leaning on the other for their mutual and surest support?”
The Academy motto, Virtus et Sapientia (Virtue and Wisdom), encapsulates the idea that the moral and
intellectual virtues go together. They are wed, like liberty and learning. Education, therefore, is not about creating
“values.” Fleeting and flimsy, “values” are ultimately empty vessels into which educational fads may be dumped.
The American Founding Fathers did not declare “values” upon which America was founded. Rather, the foundation
was built on certain principles--truths that were timeless. Indeed, our Declaration of Independence insists upon the
existence of “self-evident truths.”
These truths are self-evident, however, only with the proper understanding of the terms in question. The task of
liberal education is arduous. In the Humane Letters curriculum, the teacher plays the important role of guide, eliciting
reactions and leading discussion. The teacher must be careful not to overwhelm the student with superfluous
information or questions that may be too demanding for this first encounter with the readings.
At Hillsdale Academy, owing to the small size of our school and classes, a team of two teachers in each grade
teaches these courses. At larger schools with more than one class per grade level, a single teacher may be preferred.
All teachers involved in the Humane Letters courses should meet once a week for a teachers’ seminar. At Hillsdale
Academy, the “Humane Letters Group” meets once a week to discuss curricular questions, assignments and other
matters related to the coordination of the history and literature sections. (For a full discussion, see note below.)
Weekly seminars are essential to the success of the Humane Letters curriculum.
In the course descriptions that follow, the historical outline text is intended as a reference text and is rarely or,
in the case of the tenth and eleventh grade history courses, never assigned to students in its entirety. The books
in the instructional collections found in both the history and literature sections are primarily the possession and
responsibility of the student.
1
The rationale for such a course, along with the teachers’ seminar it should include, was first argued by David V. Hicks in Norms and Nobility, A
Treatise on Education, revised ed. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Rowman and Littlefield, 1991. See especially pp. 134-139.
26
TEACHERS’ SEMINAR
One of the most challenging aspects of the Humane Letters curriculum is maintaining alignment between the history
and literature sections in the ninth through eleventh grades. Attempts to keep pace are often thwarted by classroom
discussion, varying approaches by instructors and many other factors. Hence, a few words of advice are necessary.
First, all instructors in the Humane Letters classes should meet once a week in a seminar setting. Interaction
between the teachers should always include a discussion of how rapidly each class is moving through the required
readings as well as the topics covered each week. Teachers should also spend time together in the material,
deepening their overall understanding of the history and literature to be studied. These weekly meetings should be
made a priority for all Humane Letters faculty members.
The issue regarding pace and consistency is less intense in a setting where the faculty is small or where this
curriculum is being used in a home school setting. Here, frequent discussion and re-evaluation of pace is easily
accomplished.
Second, due to the need for discussion and analysis in the study of literature, the teacher of this section will find
that he will consistently lag behind the teacher of the history section. For instance, the teacher of history might begin
the study of the Roman Republic in the week when the literature teacher is completing a study of Herodotus. This
should not be seen as a failure. Rather, keep in mind that the historical context is laid for the literature and so should,
ideally, outpace the literature by a reasonable margin. In other words, the students will be introduced to Roman
history, having already studied Greece. Herodotus will make sense to them in the literature section as they are being
prepared to move on to the readings in Roman literature.
Finally, on some occasions both the literature and history sections of Humane Letters will touch on the same
texts, as in the readings from Plato’s Republic or in the study of the Bible. Consistent contact and discussion between
the teachers of these sections will result in agreement regarding what themes should be emphasized or which
perspective will be brought to bear on the text. For example, the literature teacher might prefer to analyze Plato’s
overall philosophical perspective expounded in the Republic while the history teacher might choose to emphasize
the social and political context of Plato’s work. This will be true for any text used. Again, consistent contact between
teachers in this project is crucial for success.
27
Humane Letters • Upper School Recitations
Each student must perform two recitations during the school year at Opening Ceremonies.
SELECTION CRITERIA:
25-30 substantial lines (minimum of 25 lines)
Must be consistent with the mission of the Academy
Must be selected and prepared ahead of time by the student and approved by the Humane Letters committee
Recitations are graded requirements.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:
Voice projection
Poise
Degree of difficulty
Length
The recitation may be performed in class prior to performance for extra credit. Foreign language recitations (Latin,
French or Spanish) may also be selected under teacher supervision.
29
Humane Letters • Summer Reading Requirement
PURPOSE
The works of literature on the summer reading lists have been carefully selected to help prepare students for subject
matter they will encounter in their history and literature courses in the fall.
Summer reading encourages independent reading outside of school, provides students with a shared experience
that can serve as a reference point for discussion and writing in the coming school year, and reinforces Hillsdale
Academy’s mission to instruct students in the Western tradition.
READING MATERIALS
Each reading list has been designed to coincide with the history and literature curriculum of the indicated grade level
and to avoid overlap with literature that students may be assigned during the school year or may have encountered
in previous school years.
Upper School students will be required to read two books during the summer: one book assigned by the
Academy and one book of their choice from the reading list below. This system allows students both structure and
flexibility. Books are available from the Academy library and the Hillsdale College library, or they can be purchased
from local bookstores. Students should seek out unabridged, unedited editions.
ASSESSMENT/GRADING
Students will be accountable for their summer reading according to teachers’ instructions. Assessments for summer
reading will include written assignments, oral presentations and/or tests and will comprise a significant portion of
students’ first trimester grades in literature and history.
POLICY FOR LATE ENROLLEES
Students who enroll after August 15 are required to read one book. A written test or paper will be due by the end of
the third trimester.
9TH GRADE
All students must read The Persians and Seven Against Thebes by Aeschylus and one book from the list below:
Augustine, Confessions
Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy
Lloyd Douglas, The Robe
George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion and Androcles and the Lion
Henryk Sinkiewicz, Quo Vadis
Lew Wallace, Ben Hur
John S. White, ed., Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans
30
10TH GRADE
All students must read Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and one book from the list below:
Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons
Alexandre Dumas, The Three Musketeers
Sir Thomas Mallory, Morte d’Arthur
Sir Walter Scott, Ivanhoe
Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Idylls of the King
Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
11TH GRADE
All students must read Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington by Richard Brookhiser and one book from
the list below:
Willa Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop
Calvin Coolidge, The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge
Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage
William Faulkner, Light in August
David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere’s Ride
Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms
Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia
Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
Booker T. Washington, Up From Slavery
Owen Wister, The Virginian
12TH GRADE
All students must read Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and one book from the list below:
Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice or Emma
John Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Progress
Alexandre Dumas, The Count of Monte Cristo
George Eliot, Silas Marner or The Mill on the Floss
William Golding, Lord of the Flies
Thomas Hardy, Far From the Maddening Crowd or Jude the Obscure
Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Chaim Potok, The Chosen
Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina or War and Peace
31
Humane Letters • Grade 9 • History
D
ESCRIPTION: In this course, we will emphasize the important events, major texts and works of art
that represent and clearly illustrate what is unique and central to the Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman
traditions taken separately, then come to grips with the synthesis and opposition to synthesis between
these traditions that occurred in antiquity. The course is designed to establish the religious, philosophical
and political contexts most crucial to the study of Western history and literature.
METHOD: Each meeting will include a lecture and, frequently, analysis of primary sources. Reading quizzes from the
outline text are to be expected at any time. Students are asked to stand when they are called upon to read aloud in
class. Students are also expected to enter into polite and civil discussion of texts as well as any topic of discussion.
In addition to nightly reading assignments and quizzes over the outline text, students can expect four major quizzes,
two major writing assignments, a midterm and a final exam during the course of each trimester.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Outline text:
De Blois, Lukas and Robartus van der Spek. Introduction to the Ancient World. London: Routledge Press, 1997.
Ancient Primary Texts:
Aristotle. Politics. Translated by T.A. Sinclair and T.J. Saunders. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Chadwick, John. Linear B and Related Scripts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Herodotus. Histories. Translated by Aubrey De Selincourt. New York: Penguin, 2003.
Hesiod. Theogony; Works and Days. Translated by M.L. West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Hoffmann, R. Joseph. Celsus: On the True Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
The Holy Bible. New American Standard Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1999.
Livy. Stories of Rome. Translated by Roger Nicols. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha. Edited by Michael D. Coogan. New Revised Standard Version. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2001.
Plato. The Last Days of Socrates: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo. Translated by H. Tredennick and H. Tarrant. New
York: Penguin, 2003.
-----. The Republic. Translated by D. Lee and H.D. Pritchard. New York: Penguin, 2003.
Pritchard, James R., ed. The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Vol. I and II. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1975.
St. Athanasius. St. Antony of the Desert. Translated by J.B. McLaughlin. Rockford, IL: Tan, 1995.
Tacitus. Annals. Translated by Michael Grant. New York: Viking, 1956.
Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian Wars. Translated and edited by Rex Warner. New York: Penguin, 2003.
Wheelwright, Philip. The Presocratics. New York: MacMillan, 1966.
32
SUPPLEMENTAL COLLECTIONS AND ANTHOLOGIES:
Adkins, W.H. and P. White, eds. The Greek Polis: University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Bailkey, N.M. Readings in Ancient History: Thought and Experience from Gilgamesh to St. Augustine. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
Hillsdale College History Department. A Western Heritage Reader. Acton, MA: Tapestry, 2000.
Kaegi Jr., W.E. and P. White, eds. Rome: Late Republic and Principate: University of Chicago Readings in Western
Civilization, Vol. II. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Lewis, Naphtali and M. Reinhold, eds. Roman Civilization: Selected Readings, Vol. I and II. New York: Columbia
University, 1990.
Morrison, K.F., ed. The Church in the Roman Empire: University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, Vol. III.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
A NOTE ON THE USE OF CELSUS: AGAINST THE CHRISTIANS
It was probably during the reign of Marcus Aurelius that the philosopher Celsus wrote the first known pagan attack
on Christianity. Origen, a Christian theologian of the third century, deemed this attack on the Christian faith (and
Judaism) worthy of a response. Hence, Origen preserved the work of Celsus for future readers. That Celsus wrote this
work, and that Origen felt the need to respond, suggests that Christianity had grown large enough and strong enough
to be considered a threat by the Roman powers of that day (c. A.D. 175).
The great complaint that Celsus expressed against the Christians is the same as that expressed against the Jews
in earlier centuries. This complaint was that the strict monotheism of the Jews and the idea of exclusive worship
given to Jesus by the Christians ran against all the traditions (NOMOI) of humanity. Celsus feared that the Christian
rebellion against polytheistic tradition (NOMOS) would ultimately destroy the Roman Empire. Celsus argued that if one
ignored the gods, then one would upset those powers that had made Rome great. In this argument, Celsus provides
some of our most important evidence as to why diverse Roman authorities persecuted the early Christians.
In addition to this argument against Christianity, there is also positive evidence provided by Celsus. Among the
many interesting facts that can be discerned are the basic Biblical doctrines held by the early Christians, such as their
belief in the bodily resurrection of Jesus, the Incarnation, the Trinity and, among other orthodox beliefs, the doctrine
of salvation by faith as well as an affirmation of four gospels. The evidence from Celsus further indicates divisions
between orthodox Christians and early, particularly Gnostic, heretics.
Introducing this text in ninth grade is, to be sure, a difficult task. However, the study of Celsus provides an
important lesson in the growth and beliefs of early Christianity as well as the distinct divisions that existed between
the Christians and their pagan world. This text allows for greater discussion regarding the idea that Western culture is
rooted in both the Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman traditions.
1ST TRIMESTER
Subjects: The Near East; The Hebrews; The early Greeks
Themes: God and man; Monotheism; Human nature; The rule of law
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1 De Blois, pp. 4-15 Sumer, Akkad, Old Babylon and Old Egypt
Code of Hammur
abi, in Pritchard, Vol. I, pp. 138-167
2 De Blois, pp. 48-53 Religion: henotheism, polytheism,
Memphite Theology, in Pritchard, Vol. I, pp. 1-2 mono
theism
3 De Blois, pp. 17-21, 37-40 Middle Kingdom Egypt, Assyria and New
The Story of Sinuhe, in Pritchard, Vol. I, pp. 5-11 Bab
ylon
4 De Blois, pp. 55-60, 62-65 Trade, society and government—
redistributive economies
33
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
5 De Blois, pp. 22-30 New Kingdom Egypt and Mesopotamian
decline
6 De Blois, pp. 34-37 The Hebrews: Abraham to Joseph
Genesis, chap. 1-3, 37-50
7-8 Ex
odus, chap. 1-16, 20 Moses to Israel; Judah and the Exile;
I Samuel, chap. 8, 24 Mosaic Code vs. Code of Hammurabi:
II Samuel, chap. 11-12 All persons equally subject to the rule of law?
I Kings, chap. 11-12
II Kings, chap. 24-25
9 De Blois, pp. 32-34, 42-45 The Phoenecians and the Persians
Es
ther
Herodotus, Bks. 1-3.38, 3.61-88
10 De Blois, pp. 72-78 Minoans and Mycenaeans
Chadwick (entire)
11 De Blois, pp. 81-86 The rise of the Greek city-states
12 Review and final examination
2ND TRIMESTER
Subjects: Greek democracy; Roman Republic
Themes: Free society; Great men; Virtue; The individual and society; Ancient economies
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Hesiod, Work and Days, ll. 1-414 and Greek religion and philosophy
Theogony, ll. 1-146, 211-403, 507-616,
819-929, 963-1022
Wheelwright, pp. 1-14, 31-63, 200-230
3 De Blois, pp. 89-94; Political structures: monarchy, aristocracy,
Herodotus, Bks. 3.80-88, 5.55-65 oligarchy and democracy; Athens and Sparta
4 De Blois, pp. 96-100; The Persian War and the Delian League
Herodotus, Bks. 5.28-82, 5.98-6.120,
7.1-9.122
5 De Blois, pp. 101-128 The Peloponnesian Wars
Thucydides, Bks. 2-3, 5.84-116, 8
6-7 Plato, Apology (entire), Crito (entire), Socrat
es, Plato and Aristotle;
Republic, Bk. 7.514-521 Strengths and weaknesses of
Aristotle, Politics, Bks. 1, 3.6-9, 4.11 Athenian democracy
8 De Blois, pp. 130-148 Alexander, Hellenism and Judaism
I Maccabees, in the Apocrypha, chap. 1-3, 8
9 De Blois, pp. 151-176 The rise of Rome and its culture
Livy (entire)
1
0 De Blois, pp. 177-193 Expansion and change
11 De Blois, pp. 195-212 The Gracchi to the first triumvirate
12 Review and final examination
34
3RD TRIMESTER
Subjects: Roman Empire and late antiquity
Themes: Christ and Caesar; Public and private
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1 De Blois, pp. 218-220 The second triumvirate; Augustus “the
Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti (handout from sa
vior” and “The Roman Republic: Tragedy
Lewis, Vol. 1, pp. 561-572. See supplemental Out of Success”
collections and anthologies above.)
2
De Blois, pp. 221-230 The imperial structure: the good and the
Tacitus, pp. 31-89, 129-227 bad
3
De Blois, pp. 230-261 Emperors, citizenship, law and the
Tacitus, pp. 231-344, 360-367 provinces
4-5 De Blois, pp. 261-269 Imperial religion, Judaism and Christianity
Gospel of L
uke, chap. 1-4, 9-10, 19-24
Acts of the Apostles, chap. 1-4, 7-10, 15-18, 25-28
Letter to the Romans (entire)
6-7 Hoffman (entire) The rise of Christianity and its detractors
8 De Blois, pp. 45-46, 271-279 The empire in decline: the end of Rome?
9-10 De Blois, pp. 279-295 Diocletian, Constantine and the Church:
Eusebius, The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine The Kingdom of Heaven and the Empire
(e
xcerpts in The Hillsdale College Western Heritage of Constantine”
Reader, pp. 275-294. See supplemental collections
and anthologies above.)
St. Athanasius (entire)
11 Review and final examination
35
Humane Letters • Grade 9 • Literature
D
ESCRIPTION: The works of literature in this course have been selected to correspond with the topics
covered in ninth grade history. Students will be expected to draw conclusions and examine critically the
people and events connected to the literature and to learn the major events, people, places and intellectual
trends of the era being studied.
METHOD: Students are expected to be polite, prepared and persistent in their efforts to achieve understanding and
knowledge. To that end, homework assignments will be completed carefully. Unit tests and a final examination will be
given each term, and reading quizzes also are possible. Other assignments and projects will be given periodically. Quality
participation in class discussion is expected and will count for a percentage of the students’ grade each term. Students
will also make in-class presentations from time to time. The class meets six times per week; one of those hours will be
devoted to grammar and technical writing, while the other meetings will focus on the content of the literature itself.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
The Epic of Gilgamesh. Translated and edited by N.K. Sandars. New York: Penguin, 1972.
Cicero. Selected Works. Translated and edited by Michael Grant. New York: Penguin, 1971.
Hamilton, Edith. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin, 1969.
-----. The Greek Way. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1964.
Herodotus. Histories. Translated by Aubrey De Selincourt. New York: Penguin, 2003.
The Holy Bible. New American Standard Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1999.
Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1990.
-----. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Plato. The Last Days of Socrates: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo. Translated by H. Tredennick and H. Tarrant.
New York: Penguin, 2003.
-----. The Republic. Translated by D. Lee and H.D. Pritchard. New York: Penguin, 2003.
Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus. Translated by Robert Fagles.
New York: Penguin, 1984.
Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian Wars. Translated and edited by Rex Warner. New York: Penguin, 2003.
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: Beginnings
Themes: Creation; Man’s role in the world; Man’s relationship to God and to men; Building nations and civilizations
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Genesis, chap. 1-3 Creation stories
Hamilton, Mythology, pp. 65-77
36
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
3 Genesis, chap. 4-8 Primeval history of Genesis (through the
Flood)
4-5 The Epic of Gilgamesh Mesopo
tamian creation and flood
stories; The limits of humanity
6-11 Genesis, chap. 9-50 The creation of the Israelite nation
Exodus, chap. 1-20, 24, 32-34, 40
Numbers, chap. 12-14, 20
Deuteronomy, chap. 29-34
Joshua, chap. 1-7
I Samuel, chap. 1-13, 15-24, 28-31
II Samuel, chap. 1-7, 9, 11-16, 19, 23-24
12 Review and final examination
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: The Greeks
Themes: The nature of the hero; Causes of warfare; First historical accounts of world events; Development of Greek drama
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-3 Hamilton, The Greek Way, pp. 173-183 T
rojan War and Greek honor
Homer, The Iliad, Bks. 1-3, 8-11, 16-17, 22-24
4-6
Homer, The Odyssey, Bks. 1-5, 9-12, 15-17, 19-24 Home and hospitality
7-9 Herodotus, pp. 3-39, 70-80, 81-85, 154-170, 178-191, An inquiry into the causes of the
355-363, 365-371, 374-383, 390-393, 439-447, 471-481, Persian War
510-513, 521-530
10 Thucydides, pp. 72-87, 124-164, 212-225, 334-347, Athens and empire
356-363, 400-408, 414-429, 525-537, 538-599
11 Hamilton, The Greek Way, pp. 138-144, 184-186, 200-201 The nature of tragedy and the
Sophocles, Oedipus the King and Antigone pr
oblem of pride
12 Review and final examination
3RD TRIMESTER
Subjects: Greek philosophy; Roman Empire and early Christianity
Themes
: Philosophies of man and of education; The growth of the Roman Empire; The nature of tyranny; The introduction
of Christianity
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Plato, the cave allegory, in The Republic, pp. 255-265 Plato’s idealism; Plato’s account of
Apology (entire) Socrat
es; Aristotle’s literary criticism;
Crito (entire) The definition of tragedy
5-6 Cicero, pp. 101-211 On duty and tyranny
7-9 Shakespeare, Julius Caesar R
ome’s waning republicanism and rising
empire
10-11 Acts of the Apostles Organization and achievement of the
early Christian church
12 Review and final examination
37
Humane Letters • Grade 10 • History
D
ESCRIPTION: The tenth grade history section of the Humane Letters curriculum covers medieval to
modern European history (500-1945 AD). Students will study the major events, people, places and
intellectual trends that are foundational to an understanding of Western civilization as it developed during
this time period.
METHOD: This course meets one hour per day, five days per week. Lessons are presented in the form of lecture
and class discussions, and students should anticipate reading quizzes, writing assignments, tests and a cumulative
examination at the end of each trimester. All students will be evaluated on their ability to analyze the material
assigned and give oral and written evidence for their positions.
Note: Students are expected to read the assigned chapters from Perry in their entirety. By necessity, not all of the
selections will be discussed in class.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Edited by J.G.A. Pocock. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing
Company, 1987.
Einhard. The Life of Charlemagne. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1960.
Machiavelli, Niccolò. The Prince. Translated by Harvey C. Mansfeld Jr., 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago
Press, 1998.
Palmer, R.R. and Joel Colton, eds. A History of the Modern World: Since 1815, 8th ed. Vol. I. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1995.
-----. A History of the Modern World: To 1815, 8th ed. Vol. II. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
Perry, Marvin, et al., eds. Sources of the Western Tradition: From Ancient Times to the Enlightenment, 3rd ed. Vol. I.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995.
-----. Sources of the Western Tradition: From the Renaissance to the Present, 3rd ed. Vol. II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1995.
Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. Translated by A.W. Wheen. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.
Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited by Edwin Cannan. Chicago, IL:
The University of Chicago Press, 1976.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Hillsdale College History Department. A Western Heritage Reader. Acton, MA: Tapestry, 2000.
Kant, Immanuel. Political Writings. Edited by Hans Reiss and H.B. Nisbet. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
38
1ST TRIMESTER
Subjects: Antiquity (review); Early Middle Ages; High Middle Ages; The Italian Renaissance
Themes: The European Renaissances
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 9-17 Hebrews, Greeks, Romans and early
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 6: emphasis on Augustine, Christianity
selections from The City of God, pp. 191-194
2-5
Einhard (entire) Formation of Europe, Carolingian
Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 18-26 Renaissance, Christian and humanist
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 7: emphasis on Bede, ideals
History of the English Church and People, pp. 200-202
Germanic kingship and law, pp. 216-219
6-8 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 26-45 Revival of trade and growth of towns,
Perry Vol. I, chap. 8: emphasis on Thomas Aquinas, secular civilization, the Church
Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles, pp. 242-246
John of Salisbury, Policraticus, pp. 264-266
Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, pp. 281-285
9-12 Machiavelli (entire) Disaster of the 14th century, Renaissance
Palmer and Colton, pp. 46-75 inside Italy, Renaissance outside Italy,
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 9: emphasis on Petrarch, Renaissance art
The Father of Humanism, pp. 293-294
Pico della Mirandola, Dignity of Man, pp. 297-299
2ND TRIMESTER
Subjects: The Reformation; Economic renewal and wars of religion; Scientific Revolution; Age of Enlightenment; French
Revolution
Themes: New discoveries and the questioning of ancient truths
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-3 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 75-105 Reform and counter reform
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 10: emphasis on Thomas à Kempis,
The Imitation of Christ, pp. 319-321
Erasmus, In Praise of Folly, pp. 322-324
The Lutheran Reformation, pp. 324-331
The Catholic response to Protestant reforms, pp. 342-346
4-5 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 106-159 European colonization, age of exploration,
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 11: emphasis on Thomas Hobbes, commercial revolution, change in social
Leviathan, pp. 375-378 s
tructure
6-7 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 286-313 Scientific Revolution
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 12: emphasis on Copernicus,
On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, pp. 385-338
Bacon, Attack on Authority and Advocacy
of Experimental Science, pp. 396-398
Descartes, Discourse on Method, pp. 398-401
Newton, Principia Mathematica, pp. 402-404
39
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
8-9 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp. 314-360 Age of Enlightenment
Perry, Vol. I, chap. 13: emphasis on Kant,
What is Enlightenment?, pp. 408-409
John Locke, Second Treatise on Government, pp. 409-412
Voltaire, A Plea for Tolerance and Reason, pp. 413-417
Rousseau, The Social Contract, pp. 425-428
10-12 Palmer and Colton, Vol. I, pp.361-453 French Revolution
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 4: emphasis on Arthur Young,
Plight of the French Peasants, pp. 84-86
and Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, pp. 90-91
Robespierre, Republic of Virtue, pp. 93-95
Napoleon: Destroyer and Preserver of the Revolution, pp. 97-101
3RD TRIMESTER
Subjects: Industrial Revolution; Reaction to the revolution; 19th century Europe—politics and society; The First World War;
Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union; The Second World War
Themes: Modernity and revolution
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Burke (entire) Reflections on the revolution
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 6: emphasis on conservatism, pp. 125-137
Liberalism, pp. 137-140
1848: the year of the revolutions, pp. 146-151
3-4 Smith, Bk. 1, chap. 1-4, 10; Bk. 3; Bk. 4, Intro and Industrial Revolution
chap. 1, 8-9; Bk. 5, chap. 2, part 1 and 2
Palmer and Colton, Vol. II, pp. 453-499
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 5: emphasis on Adam Smith,
Division of Labor, pp. 107-111
5-6 P
almer and Colton, Vol. II, pp. 542-683 19th century Europe
Perry, Vol. II, selections from chap. 8 and 9
7-8
Remarque (entire) The First World War
Palmer and Colton, Vol. II, pp. 695-731
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 10: emphasis on Militarism, pp. 269-270
Woodrow Wilson: the idealistic view, pp. 290-292
9 Palmer and Colton, Vol. II, pp. 732-776 Russian Revolution and
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 11: emphasis on theory and the Soviet Union
practice of Bolshevism, pp. 309-312
The Bolshevik Revolution, pp. 312-315
10-12 Palmer and Colton, Vol. II, pp. 805-866 The Second World War
Perry, Vol. II, chap. 12: emphasis on Italian facism, pp. 341-344
The world view of Nazism, pp. 348-352
The Munich Agreement, pp. 371-376
Review and final examination
41
Humane Letters • Grade 10 • Literature
D
ESCRIPTION: Our tenth graders study important events, major texts and works of art that formed the
civilization of modern Europe—from the Carolingian Renaissance through the first half of the 20th century.
We pursue thematic coherence and centrality in our choices, not coverage.
METHOD: The works of literature in this course have been selected to correspond as closely as possible with the
topics being covered in tenth grade history. Students are expected to be able to identify and explain connections
between the historical context and the literature studied. Toward that end, the class includes instruction in reading,
writing, grammar, spelling and vocabulary, speaking and listening and critical thinking. Quizzes and tests are given
throughout the school year, with a final exam at the end of each trimester.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Alighieri, Dante. The Inferno. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1982.
Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Edited by J.G.A. Pocock. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing
Company, 1987.
Cawley, A.C., ed. Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays. London: J.M. Dent, 1993.
Churchill, Sir Winston. Memoirs of the Second World War (abridgement). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987.
Damrosch, David, ed. The Longman Anthology of World Literature. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.
Luther, Martin. Selections from his Writings. Edited by John Dillenberger. New York: Doubleday, 1962.
Machiavelli, Niccolò. The Prince. Translated by Harvey C. Mansfeld Jr., 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1998.
More, Sir Thomas. Utopia. New York: Knopf, 1992.
Rummel, Erika, ed. The Erasmus Reader. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New York: Washington Square Press, 1992.
-----. The Tragedy of Richard III. Edited by John Jowett. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Translated by H.T. Willetts. New York: Farrar, Straus and Gireux, 1991.
The Song of Roland. Translated by Dorothy Sayers. New York: Penguin, 1957.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Translated by Brian Stone. New York: Penguin, 1971.
Tuchman, Barbara. The Guns of August. New York: Ballantine Books, 1994.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Bacon, Francis. Novum Organum. Translated by Peter Urbach and John Gibson. Chicago: Open Court Publishing
Company, 1994.
Descartes, Rene. A Discourse on Method. New York: E.P. Dutton Company, 1924.
Dostoyevski, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Translated by Constance Garnett. New York: MacMillan, 1928.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Edited by Edwin Curley. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1994.
Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Edited by Peter Laslett. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
Macaulay, Lord Thomas Babbington. The History of England (edited and abridged). New York: Penguin, 1968.
42
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: Medieval and Renaissance literature
Themes: Medieval life; Chivalry; Romance; Role of the Catholic Church in medieval society; Rise of the middle class
WEEK READIN
GS
1-2 Cawley, Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays (entire)
3-4 The Song of R
oland (entire)
5-6 Sir Ga
wain and the Green Knight (entire)
7-8 Shakespeare, Richard III (entire)
9-1
0 Dante, The Inferno (entire)
11-12 Cervantes, Don Quixote, in Damrosch, pp. 449-564
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: Literature of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Themes: Individual responsibility and freedom; A changing world; Exploration and scientific discovery
WEEK T
OPIC AND READINGS
1-2 Machiavelli, excerpts from The Prince
Mor
e, Utopia (entire)
Montaigne, excerpt from Essays, in Damrosch, pp. 409-445
3-6 8-10 page research paper on Humane Letters thematic topic
7-8 Luther, “Preface to Latin Writings,” “Preface to the New Testament,” “Preface to the Psalms,” “Two Kinds of
Righteousness,” “The Bondage of the Will,” pp. 3, 14, 37, 86, 166
Erasmus, “On Education for Children,” “The Ciceronian,” “The Luther Affair,” “The Education of a Christian Prince,
in Rummel, pp. 65, 123, 249, 980
Moliere, The School for Wives, in Damrosch, pp. 206-251
9-10 Shakespeare, Hamlet (entire)
11-12 Goethe, Faust, in Damrosch, pp. 131-250
3RD TRIMESTER
Subject: European and Russian literature from the time of the French Revolution to World War II
Themes: Social responsibility; Truth and meaning; Loneliness
WEEK T
OPIC AND READINGS
1-3 Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, pp. 1-40
Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (entire)
4-5 Flaubert, A Simple Heart,in Damrosch, pp. 489-508
Tolstoy, After the Ball,” in Damrosch, pp. 595-600
Dostoevsky, Notes from Underground, in Damrosch, pp. 604-69
6-7 Ibsen, A Doll’s House, in Damrosch, pp. 862-910
Chekhov, “The Lady with the Dog,” in Damrosch, pp. 938-948
8-10 Tuchman, The Guns of August (entire)
11 Solzhenitsyn, A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (entire)
1
2 Churchill, excerpts from Memoirs of the Second World War, pp. 3, 34, 94, 165, 247, 274, 356, 381, 487, 544, 699,
817, 877, 911, 939
43
Humane Letters • Grade 11 • American History
D
ESCRIPTION: In 1818, John Adams was asked by an American citizen, “What do we mean by the American
Revolution?” Adams gave a simple answer: the “radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments and
affections of the People, was the real American Revolution.” The real American Revolution was one of
ideas, principally the American understanding of rights.
By “radical” Adams did not mean to suggest that the American Revolution wished to change human nature; on
the contrary, the natural rights Americans fought to defend were rooted in an unchanging human nature. Granted
by God and secured by government, rights are accorded not because of one’s status as an Englishman, but rather
because each person is a human being created by God.
This course examines the narrative of American history with particular attention to the uniquely American
understanding of rights and duties. It asks what it means to be an American. In answering that question, it seeks to
provide a better understanding of the meaning of the “self-evident truths” on which this nation was founded.
METHOD: In this course, American history is taught employing traditional means. The careful learning of important
names, dates, authors, statesmen, intellectual trends and events is essential. Memorization, in many cases, is
necessary. Students are expected to be polite, prepared and persistent in their efforts to achieve understanding and
knowledge. To that end, homework assignments will be completed carefully and fully. To improve the students’
writing, most out-of-class essays and papers will follow a rough-draft, final-draft format. Unit examinations and a final
examination will be given each trimester. Reading quizzes also are possible. In the spring, students will research
and complete a term paper. Other assignments and projects will be given periodically. Quality participation in class
discussion is expected and will count for ten percent of the student’s grade each term. Students will also make
occasional presentations of material to their classmates. As organization assists success, students will be expected to
maintain a daily homework record. They will also need to maintain a three-ring binder for handouts throughout the
year. Periodic inspection of this binder will be a part of the participation grade.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Boorstin, Daniel, ed. An American Primer. New York: Penguin, 1966.
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey, 11th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
[N.B.: This textbook has been judged by the Academy headmaster and faculty as generally reliable, though not wholly
without a political bias, as the discerning teacher should be aware. The authors scholarship is, overall, even-handed, and
among the academically rigorous American history textbooks the Academy has surveyed, this has been deemed best.]
Brown, Richard D., ed. Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath
and Company, 1992.
Johannsen, Robert W., ed. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
McMichael, George, ed. The Concise Edition of American Literature, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
Young, Carrie. Nothing to Do But Stay. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2000.
44
HANDOUTS:
Teachers should purchase a copy of each of these resources for the purpose of making photocopies for their
students. Handouts have been numbered below according to the order in which they appear in the syllabus.
1. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959.
2. “Virginia Declaration of Rights,” in Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution, Vol. I.
Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1987: 6-7.
3. Jefferson, Thomas. From the Minutes of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia, 1822-1825, Report to the
President and Directors of the Literary Fund, in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York:
The Library of America, 1984: 479.
4. Jefferson, Thomas. “Letter to Henry Lee,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: The
Library of America, 1984: 1500-1501.
5. Jefferson, Thomas. “Letter to Roger C. Weightman,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New
York: The Library of America, 1984: 1516-1517.
6. Fischer, David Hackett. Chapter 6, “The Warning.Paul Revere’s Ride. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 93-
112.
7. Jefferson, Thomas. “Autobiography,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: Library of
America, 1984: 18.
8. “Sections of the U.S. Constitution Concerning Slavery,” in Peter Lawler and Robert Schaefer, eds. American Political
Rhetoric: A Reader, 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001: 234.
9. Collection of five different quotations, in the following order:
A. Washington, George. “Letter to Morris, April 12, 1786,” in W.B. Allen, ed. Washington: A Collection.
Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Classics, 1989: 319.
B. Adams, John. “Letter to Evans, June 8, 1819,” in Adrienne Koch, et al., eds. Selected Writings of John and John
Quincy Adams. New York: Knopf, 1946: 209.
C. Franklin, Benjamin. “An Address to the Public from the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of
Slavery,” in Writings. New York: Library of America, 1987: 1154.
D. Hamilton, Alexander. “Philo Camillus No. 2,” in Harold C. Syrett, ed. Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Vol. XIX.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1961: 98-105.
E. Madison, James. “Speech at Constitutional Convention, June 6, 1787,” in Max Farrand, ed. Records of the
Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. I. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1937: 135.
10. Franklin, Benjamin. “An Address to the Public from the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of
Slavery.Writings. New York: Library of America, 1987: 1154.
11. Jefferson, Thomas. Query 18, “Manners,” Notes on the State of Virginia, in Peter Lawler and Robert Schaefer, eds.
American Political Rhetoric: A Reader, 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001: 49.
12. Jefferson, Thomas. “Letter to Henry Gregoire,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York:
The Library of America, 1984: 1202.
13. Jefferson, Thomas. “Letter to John Holmes,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: The
Library of America, 1984: 1433-1435.
14. Jay, John. “Letter to the President of the English Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves,” in Henry P.
Johnston, ed. The Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay, Vol. III. New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s
Sons, 1890-93: 340-44.
15. Jefferson, Thomas. A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom,” in Merrill D. Peterson, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings.
New York: The Library of America, 1984: 346-348.
16. Washington, George. “Letter to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport,” in W.B. Allen, ed. George Washington: A
Collection. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Press, 1988: 547-548.
17. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “The Over-Soul,” in Selected Essays. New York: Penguin 1982: 205-225.
18. Dred Scott v. Sandford. Ralph A. Rossum and G. Alan Tarr, eds. American Constitutional Law: Cases and
Interpretations. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991: 568-573.
45
19. Lincoln, Abraham. “Fragment on the Constitution and the Union,” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of
Abraham Lincoln, Vol. IV, 1860-1861. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 168-169.
20. Lincoln, Abraham. “Speech in Independence Hall,” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. IV, 1860-1861. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 240-241.
21. Lincoln, Abraham. “Gettysburg Address,” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. VII.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 22-23.
22. Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Penguin, 1997: Chapters 2-3.
23. Riordan, William L. Plunkitt of Tammany Hall: A Series of Very Plain Talks on Very Practical Politics. New York:
Penguin, 1963: 3-10; 29-32; 81-83.
24. Schlereth, Thomas J. Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life. New York: HarperCollins, 1991: 141-167.
25. Roosevelt, Theodore. Chap. XII, “The Big Stick and the Square Deal,” in Autobiography. New York: Scribner, 1920:
423-460.
26. Wilson, Woodrow. “The Authors and Signers of the Declaration of Independence,” in Arthur S. Link, ed. The
Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Vol. XVII: 1907-1908. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966: 248-259.
27. Wilson, Woodrow. Constitutional Government in the United States, in Arthur S. Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow
Wilson, Vol. XVIII, 1908-1909. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1966: 106-107.
28. Coolidge, Calvin. “Address of President Coolidge at the Celebration of the 150th Anniversary of the Declaration of
Independence, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1926.” Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926. (This
document may also be found at www.memory.loc.gov, the official Web site of the Library of Congress.)
29. Locke, Alain. “The New Negro”; Hughes, Langston. “When the Negro Was in Vogue”; Johnson, Charles S. “The
Negro Renaissance and Its Significance”; McKay, Claude. “If We Must Die”; Cullen, Countee. “Yet Do I Marvel”;
Johnson, James Weldon. “O Black and Unknown Bards,” in David L. Lewis, ed. The Harlem Renaissance Reader.
New York: Penguin, 1994: 46-51; 77-81; 206-218; 244; 282; 290.
30. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Commonwealth Club Address, “New Conditions Impose New Requirements upon
Government and Those Who Conduct Government,” in The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Vol. I, “The Genesis of the New Deal,” 1928-1932. New York: Russell and Russell, 1969: 742-756. (Out of print)
31. Roosevelt, Franklin D. “1944 Message on the State of the Union” (Economic Bill of Rights), in The Public Papers and
Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Vol. XIII, “Victory and the Threshold of Peace,” 1944-1945. New York: Russell and
Russell, 1969: 32-44.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams. New York: The Modern Library, 1931.
Bode, Carl, ed. The Portable Emerson. New York: Penguin, 1981.
-----. The Portable Thoreau. New York: Penguin, 1977.
Coolidge, Calvin. The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge. Plymouth, VT: The Calvin Coolidge Memorial Foundation, 1989.
Davis, David Brion and Steven Mintz, eds. The Boisterous Sea of Liberty: A Documentary History of America from
Discovery Through the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1960.
Gunn, Giles, ed. Early American Writing. New York: Penguin, 1994.
Hollinger, David A., and Charles Capper, eds. The American Intellectual Tradition: A Sourcebook, Vol. I and II. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Jefferson, Thomas. The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth. Boston: Beacon, 2001.
Milner, Clyde A., ed. Major Problems in the History of the American West. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977.
Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic, 1763-1789. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Noll, Mark A. A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992.
Peterson, Merrill, ed. The Portable Thomas Jefferson. New York: Viking Press, 1975.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1995.
Turner, Frederick Jackson. “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” in History, Frontier and Sectionalism.
Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1993: 59-91.
Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery. New York: Pocket Books, 1940.
46
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: Foundations of the American Republic
Themes: Differences between the early Massachusetts and Virginia settlements; Declaration of Independence; Causes of
t
he Revolutionary War; The formation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution; The problem of slavery; The foundations of
religious liberty; The presidencies of George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; The development of the early
American economic system; Causes and impact of the War of 1812
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-2 Declaration of Independence, in Boorstin, pp. 86-90
Crèvecoeur, “What Is An American?,” in McMichael, pp. 350-358
J. Adams, Letter to Hezekiah Niles, in Boorstin, pp. 248-255
3-4
Brinkley, chap. 1, “The Meeting of Cultures”
Brinkley, chap. 2, “Transportations and Borderlands”
The Ma
yflower Compact, in Boorstin, p. 21
J. Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity,” in Boorstin, pp. 28-41
Hawthorne, “The Grey Champion”; “Endicott and the Red Cross”; “The May-pole of Merry Mount” (handout #1)
5 Brinkley, chap. 3, “Society and Culture in Provincial America”
Puritan narratives on witchcraft trials, including Mary Easty’s, in Boorstin, pp. 46-47
J. Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” in McMichael, p. 172
6-8 Brinkley, chap. 4, “The Empire In Transition”
Brinkley, chap. 5, “The American Revolution”
Readings on the American Revolution in Brown. [Time constraints rarely allow consideration of all of the
selections below]:
The Declarations of the Stamp Act Congress, pp. 84-85
John Adams Reflects on the Boston Tea Party, p. 132
Parliament Debates the Coercive Acts, pp. 133-136
The Coercive Acts, pp. 136-139
Thomas Jefferson Asserts American Rights, pp. 139-145
Thomas Paine Calls for Common Sense, pp. 148-166
The Declaration of Independence, pp. 169-172
Virginia Declaration of Rights (handout #2)
Jefferson, comments and correspondence on the Declaration of Independence:
Minutes of the Board of Visitors for the Univ. of VA (handout #3)
Letter to Henry Lee on the object of the Declaration (handout #4)
Letter to Roger C. Weightman on enlightenment (handout #5)
Fischer, chap. 6, pp. 93-112 (handout #6)
9-10 Brinkley, chap. 6, “The Constitution and the New Republic”
Brinkley, chap. 7, “The Jeffersonian Era”
Articles of Confederation, in Brown, p. 390
Edmund Randolph Presents the Virginia Plan, in Brown, p. 471
William Patterson Proposes the New Jersey Plan, in Brown, p. 474
U.S. Constitution, in Brown, p. 488 and following
Jefferson, “Autobiography,” on the Declaration and slavery (handout #7)
Sections of the U.S. Constitution concerning slavery (handout #8)
Five Founders on slavery: Washington, Adams, Franklin, Hamilton, Madison (handout #9)
Franklin, An Address to the Public from the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery” (handout #10)
Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 18, “Manners” (handout #11)
Jefferson, Letter to Henri Gregoire on equal rights of blacks (handout #12)
Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes, “A fire bell in the night” (handout #13)
John Jay, Letter to the English Society for promoting manumission (handout #14)
Jefferson, “An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom” (handout #15)
Washington, Letter to the Hebrew congregation of Newport, Rhode Island (handout #16)
11-12 Brinkley, chap. 8, “Varieties of American Nationalism”
Emerson, “Nature,” in McMichael, pp. 614-641; “Self-Reliance” in McMichael, pp. 655-671; “The Over-Soul” (handout #17)
H.D. Thoreau, selections from Civil Disobedience, in McMichael, pp. 810-826
Selections from Walden, in McMichael, pp. 827-835; 871-882
Review for final examination
47
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: Civil War and expansion of the United States
Themes: Analysis of causes and effects of Jacksonian democracy; Mexican War; Growth of slavery; Civil War and post-Civil
W
ar amendments; Reconstruction; Industrialization; Frontier expansion; Investigation of the increasing economic and social
complexity of the American people
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-2 Brinkley, chap. 9, “Jacksonian America”
Brinkley, chap. 10, excerpts, “America’s Economic Revolution”
Brinkley, chap. 11, “Cotton, Slavery and the Old South”
3-4 Brinkley, chap. 12, “Antebellum Culture and Reform”
Hawthorne, “The Birth-Mark,” in McMichael, pp. 704-714
H.B. Stowe, selections from Uncle Tom’s Cabin, in McMichael, pp. 952-973; 983-992
Douglass, selections from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, in McMichael, pp. 993-1011
5-6 Brinkley, chap. 13, “The Impending Crisis”
Dr
ed Scott v. Sandford (handout #18)
Lincoln, “House Divided Speech,” in Johannsen, pp. 14-21
Second joint debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, in Johannsen, pp. 75-115
Lincoln, fragment on the Constitution and Union (handout #19)
Lincoln, speech in Independence Hall (handout #20)
7 Brinkley, chap. 14, “The Civil War”
Brinkley, chap. 15, “Reconstruction and the New South”
Lincoln, “Gettysburg Address” (handout #21)
8 Brinkley, chap. 16, “The Conquest of the Far West”
F.J. Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” in Boorstin, pp. 544-567
9-10 Young, Nothing to do But Stay (entire)
11-12 Brinkley, chap. 17, “Industrial Supremacy”
Review for final examination
3RD TRIMESTER
Subject: Modern America
Themes: The “Gilded Age”; The rise of the city; Late nineteenth-century economic crises; Causes and effects of the Spanish-
Amer
ican and Philippine Wars; Causes and effects of Progressivism; Exploration of the “Roaring 20s” as an era of escape
between two devastating events—World War I and the Great Depression; World War II
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-2 Brinkley, chap. 18, “The Age of the City”
Riis, How the Other Half Lives (handout #22) and introduction to The Battle with the Slum, in Boorstin, pp. 667-670
Riordan, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, excerpts (handout #23)
Schlereth, Victorian America, excerpts (handout #24)
3-4
Brinkley, chap. 19, “From Stalemate to Crisis”
Brinkley, chap. 20, “The Imperial Republic”
5-6 Brinkley, chap. 21, “The Rise of Progressivism”
Brinkley, chap. 22, “The Battle for National Reform”
T. Roosevelt, Autobiography, Chap. XII, “The Big Stick and the Square Deal” (handout #25)
W. Wilson, “The Authors and Signers of the Declaration of Independence,” excerpts (handout #26)
Cons
titutional Government, excerpts (handout #27)
7 Brinkley, chap. 23, “America and the Great War”
Coolidge, “Have Faith in Massachusetts,” in Boorstin, pp. 776-779
Wilson, “Fourteen Points” address, in Boorstin, pp. 799-804
48
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
8 Brinkley, chap. 24, “The New Era”
H.L. Mencken, preface to The American Language, in Boorstin, pp. 820-823
Coolidge, “The Inspiration of the Declaration” (handout #28)
H. Hoover, excerpts from American Individualism, in Boorstin, pp. 828-844
Selections from Harlem Renaissance Reader (handout #29)
9-1
0 Brinkley, chap. 25, “The Great Depression”
Brinkley, chap. 26, “The New Deal”
F.D. Roosevelt, “First Inaugural Address,” in Boorstin, pp. 864-868
F.D. Roosevelt, excerpts from “Commonwealth Club Address” (handout #30)
11-12 Brinkley, chap. 27, “The Global Crisis 1921-1941”
Brinkley, chap. 28, “America in a World at War”
F.D. Roosevelt, “1944 Inaugural Address” (Economic Bill of Rights) (handout #31)
Review for final examination
49
Humane Letters • Grade 11 • American Literature
D
ESCRIPTION: In this course, we will emphasize the major authors and texts that represent and clearly
illustrate what is unique and central to the American literary tradition. Consideration of the historical and
cultural context of the readings will add substantially to each student’s understanding of the works and
provide additional insight into what it means to be an American.
METHOD: By the end of the school year, each student will be able to evaluate a text, analyze literature and explore
related thematic topics, demonstrate logic and organization in writing and speaking, and write clearly and coherently.
Disciplined time management outside of class is essential to complete and comprehend the assigned reading and
writing. Each unit consists of reading assignments, writing activities, grammar and language usage, vocabulary
exercises and speaking exercises. Midterms and final exams are given each trimester, and quizzes and tests
occur periodically. All students are required to maintain a writing portfolio that includes a wide variety of writing
assignments, both formal and informal. Generally, a paper or project is assigned each trimester in addition to regular
coursework.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2003.
Fuller, Edmund, ed. Adventures in American Literature. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1963.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Bantam Classics Edition, 1986.
McMichael, George, ed. The Concise Anthology of American Literature, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
1998.
Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin, 1982.
Grammar for Writing. New York: Sadlier-Oxford, 2000.
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: Literature in America from the time of the Puritans through the Revolution
Themes: What is an American?; Narratives of Massachusetts and Virginia; Characteristics of Puritan writing and lifestyle;
Contr
ibutions of Puritans to American institutions; Impact of documents, speeches and letters of Revolutionary leaders
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-2 Crèvecoeur, “What Is An American?” in McMichael, pp. 350-358
Modern American short stories, in Fuller, pp. 9-112
3-5 Narratives, histories and poetry from Puritans and early Americans:
The General History of Virginia, in McMichael, pp. 24-35
Of Plymouth Plantation, in McMichael, pp. 54-67
The Bay Psalm Book and The New England Primer, in McMichael, pp. 79-89
50
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
3-5 cont. Poetry of Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, in McMichael, pp. 91-124
Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” in McMichael, pp. 172-184
Selections from Sarah Kemble Knight and William Byrd, in Fuller, p. 438 and 443 (if time allows)
6-8 Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter (entire)
7-1
0 Franklin, Autobiography and selections from Poor Richard’s Almanac, in McMichael, pp. 199-322
11-12 Letters, documents and speeches from Revolutionary leaders and writers, in McMichael, pp. 339-395
(P
aine, Jefferson, John and Abigail Adams, Wheatley, Freneau and Henry)
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: Literature in America from the Romantic Age to the Civil War
Themes: Age of Romanticism; American heroes; Transcendentalism; Anti-Transcendentalists; The Fireside Poets; The war years
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-2 Selections from Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper, in McMichael, pp. 447-468 and 502-535
3-4 William Cullen Bryant and Edgar Allen Poe, in McMichael, pp. 544-603
5-7 Selected writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville and Henry David Thoreau,
in McMichael, pp. 614-919
8 Poetry of Longfellow, Whittier and Lowell, in McMichael, pp. 919-951
Poetry of Holmes, in Fuller, pp. 607-611
9-10 Songs, letters, diaries, speeches and other Civil War literature:
Selections from Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln, in McMichael, pp. 952-1014
11-12 Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman, in McMichael, pp. 1018-1142
3RD TRIMESTER
Subject: Literature in America from the Age of Realism to the mid-1950s
Themes: American Realism and the frontier; Regionalism; Local color; Surrealism; Naturalism; Satire; Connections between
lit
erature and the major historical events in the United States up to the McCarthy Era
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1-3 Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in McMichael, pp. 1196-1380
4-5 Selections fr
om Sarah Orne Jewitt, Bret Harte, Joel Chandler Harris, Mark Twain, Henry James, Kate Chopin,
Stephen Crane and Edith Wharton, in McMichael, pp. 1160-1522
6-7 Selected short stories, essays and poetry by Edwin Arlington Robinson, E.E. Cummings, Robert Frost, T.S. Eliot,
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and Langston Hughes, in McMichael, pp. 1562-1870
8 Selections from Katherine Anne Porter, Theodore Roethke and Flannery O’Connor, in McMichael, pp. 1888-2126
9-10 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (entire)
11-12 Miller, The Crucible (entire)
51
Humane Letters Grade 12
American Civics and Economics
D
ESCRIPTION: “Patriotism is as much a virtue as justice, and is as necessary for the support of societies as
natural affection is for the support of families.” This 1773 statement, by the American patriot Benjamin Rush,
is an apt point of departure for the capstone course of the Humane Letters sequence. An inquiry into the
importance of American liberty and order, this course explores the foundations of republican government.
It considers the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and explores the fundamental principles of a free economy. It
seeks, in sum, to instill in students the proper spirit of patriotism upon which self-government depends.
Building upon the strong introduction to the American founding that juniors receive in the eleventh grade history
class, this course delves more deeply into early American political thought. It demonstrates the debt Abraham
Lincoln’s statecraft owed to the Founding.
In the second trimester, students complete their study of 20th century history. Next, they are introduced to the
major principles of sound economic thinking. The collapse of Communism in the late 20th century as a result of its
abject economic and moral failings requires us to examine the nature of tyranny and totalitarianism. The study of
civics and economics demands a confrontation with ideology, the topic of the third trimester.
METHOD: Students are expected to be polite, prepared and persistent in their efforts to achieve understanding and
knowledge. To that end, homework assignments will be completed carefully. To improve the students’ writing, most
out-of-class essays and papers will follow a rough-draft, final-draft format. Unit examinations and a final examination
will be given each trimester. Reading quizzes also are possible. In the spring, students will research and complete
a term paper. Other assignments and projects will be given periodically. Quality participation in class discussion
is expected and will count for ten percent of the student’s grade each term. Students will also make ocassional
presentations of material to their classmates. As organization assists success, students will be expected to maintain
a daily homework record. They will also need to maintain a three-ring binder for handouts throughout the year.
Periodic inspection of this binder will be a part of the participation grade.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
In addition to the texts listed below, each student will need a copy of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S.
Constitution, including the Bill of Rights.
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. “The Grand Inquisitor.” Translated by Constance Garnett. New York: Modern Library, 1994.
Griffith, Robert and Paula Baker, eds. Major Problems in American History Since 1945: Documents and Essays. New
York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.
Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: HarperCollins, 1998.
Ketcham, Ralph, ed. The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Penguin, 1996.
------. 1984. New York: Penguin, 1984.
Rossiter, Clinton, ed. The Federalist Papers. New York: Mentor, 2003.
52
REQUIRED TEXTS CONTINUED:
Sowell, Thomas. Basic Economics: A Citizen’s Guide to the Economy, revised and expanded edition. New York: Basic
Books, 2003.
Warren, Robert Penn. All the King’s Men. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.
HANDOUTS:
Teachers should purchase a copy of each of these resources for the purpose of making photocopies for their
students. Handouts have been numbered below according to the order in which they appear in the syllabus.
1. Howard, A. E. Dick, ed. Magna Carta: Text and Commentary. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1964: 31-52.
2. Schwoerer, Lois G., ed. The Declaration of Rights, 1689. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981: 295-298.
3. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Edited by Peter Laslett. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1967: 287-290 (8:20); 341-343; 348-351 (99); 368-371 (130); 373-375 (134:25); 381 (142:1-15); 424-425 (212:1, 2);
430 (221) - 434 (226:15); 444-445 (240).
4. Articles of Confederation,” in Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution, Vol. I.
Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1987: 23-26.
5. Michigan Constitution
6. Lincoln, Abraham. “First Inaugural Address,” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. IV.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 262-271.
7. Lincoln, Abraham. “Gettysburg Address,” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. VII.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 22-23.
8. “Second Inaugural Address” in Roy P. Basler, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. VIII. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953: 323-333.
9. Reagan, Ronald. “Address to the British Parliament,” in Peter Lawler and Robert Schaefer, eds. American Political
Rhetoric, 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001: 345-351.
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: Foundations of American Government
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1 Regimes and the American order:
Federalist #1, in Rossiter
F
ederalist #47, in Rossiter
2 Magna Car
ta (handout #1)
Eng
lish Bill of Rights (handout #2)
John Locke, excerpts from Second Treatise of Government (handout #3)
3
Declaration of Independence
4-6 Articles of Confederation (handout #4)
U.S. Constitution, Article I
F
ederalist #2, 9, 10, 37, 51, 57, 62-63, in Rossiter
Anti-Federalist Papers, “Melancton Smith” and “John deWitt,” in Ketcham
7 U.S. Constitution, Article II
Federalist #68, 70, 72, in Rossiter
Anti-F
ederalist Papers, “Cato,” in Ketcham
8 U.S. Constitution, Article III
Federalist #78, in Rossiter
Anti-F
ederalist Papers, “Brutus,” in Ketcham
9 U.S. Constitution, Articles IV-VII
Michigan Constitution (handout #5)
53
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
10 Bill of Rights
F
ederalist #84, in Rossiter
Anti-Federalist Papers, “Patrick Henry” and “Federal Farmer,” in Ketcham
11-12 Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address” (handout #6), “Gettysburg Address” (handout #7), “Second Inaugural
Address” (handout #8)
Review and final examination
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: 20th century politics; Foundations of economics
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1 Griffith, chap. 1, “World War II and the Origins of Postwar America”
2 Griffith, chap. 2, “From World War II to the Cold War: The Atomic Bombing of Japan”
3 Griffith, chap. 3, “The Cold War Begins”
4 Griffith, chap. 5, “John F. Kennedy, the Cuban Revolution and the Cold War”
5 Griffith, chap. 6, “Lyndon B. Johnson, the Great Society and American Liberalism”
6 Griffith, chap. 7, “Martin Luther King Jr. and the Struggle for African American Equality”
7 Griffith, chap. 8, “Vietnam and the Crisis of American Empire”
8 Griffith, chap. 12, “The Reagan Revolution and After: Politics and Political Economy in the New Era”
Ronald Reagan, “Address to the British Parliament” (handout #9)
9-12 Sowell, chap. 1-8; 15-18; 22-24
Review and final examination
3RD TRIMESTER
Subject: Ideology and the soul
WEEK READIN
GS
1 Orwell, Animal Farm (entire)
2 Huxley, Brave New World (entire)
3-5 Orwell, 1984 (entire)
6-7 Dostoevsky, “Grand Inquisitor” (entire)
8-11 Warren, All the King’s Men (entire)
12 Review and final examination
55
Humane Letters • Grade 12 • British Literature
D
ESCRIPTION: This course examines the major authors and texts of the British literary tradition by focusing
on works from the 16th century through contemporary times. Students will analyze literature and identify
well-known authors by style, content and historical context.
METHOD: By the end of the school year, each student will be able to evaluate a text, analyze literature and explore
related thematic topics, demonstrate logic and organization in writing and speaking, and write clearly and coherently.
Disciplined time management outside of class is essential to complete and comprehend the assigned reading and
writing. Each unit consists of reading assignments, writing activities, grammar and language usage, vocabulary
exercises and speaking exercises. Midterms and final exams are given each trimester, and quizzes and tests occur
periodically. All students are required to maintain a writing portfolio that includes a wide variety of writing assignments,
both formal and informal. Generally, a paper or project is assigned each trimester in addition to regular coursework.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Bolt, Robert. A Man for All Seasons. New York: Vintage Books, 1990.
Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: Penguin, 1993.
Damrosch, David, ed. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Other Poems. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1961.
Prentice Hall Literature: The British Tradition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of King Lear. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993.
Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver’s Travels and Other Writings. New York: Bantam, 1962.
1ST TRIMESTER
Subject: British literature from the Middle Ages, early modern era and the Restoration
Themes: Anglo-Saxon poetry and prose; England before the Norman Conquest; Medieval drama; Romances, Lyrics and
ballads; The c
hanging English language; The English Renaissance; Elizabethan theater
WEEK T
OPIC and READINGS
1 Beo
wulf, in Damrosch, pp. 27-91
2 Excerpts from Bede, King Alfred, Taliesin and Geoffrey of Monmouth, in
Damrosch, pp. 112-117, 120-121, 125-126, 126-133, 137-143
3-4 Sir Thomas Mallory, excerpts from Le Morte D’Arthur, in Damrosch, pp. 225-246
Geoffrey Chaucer, excerpts from The Canterbury Tales, in Damrosch, pp. 246-253, 271-351
56
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
5-6 Scottish ballads, in The British Tradition, pp. 194-200
Spenser,The First Booke of the Faerie Queeneand excerpt from “The Second Booke, Canto 12, in Damrosch, pp. 425-568
Spenser, selected sonnets, in The British Tradition, pp. 236-238
Sidney, selected sonnets, in The British Tradition, pp. 239-240
Pastoral poetry, in The British Tradition, p. 245
Shakespearean and Petrarchan sonnets, in The British Tradition, pp. 252-261
Elizabeth I and King James, in The British Tradition, pp. 268-280 (and optional selections in Damrosch, pp. 616-631)
Bolt, A Man for All Seasons (entire)
7-9 Shakespeare, MacBeth (entire), in The British Tradition, pp. 301-388
1
0-12 Shakespeare, King Lear (entire)
2ND TRIMESTER
Subject: British literature from the Restoration, Enlightenment and Romantic periods
Themes: Schools of Jonson and Donne; Cavalier poets; Puritan writers; Satirical writings, Romantic writers and their
cont
emporaries
WEEK READIN
GS
1-3 Ben Jonson, selected poetry, in Damrosch, pp. 796-804
John Donne, selected poetry, in Damrosch, pp. 804-815
Poetry of Robert Herrick, George Herbert and Andrew Marvell, in Damrosch, pp. 844-862
Sir John Suckling, “Song,” in The British Tradition, p. 450
4-5 John Milt
on, Paradise Lost (entire)
6-9 Samuel Pepys, excerpts from “The Diary,” in Damrosch, pp. 1065-1075
Daniel DeFoe, excepts from “A Journal of the Plague Year,” in The British Tradition, pp. 503-508
Swift, Gulliver’s Travels (entire)
Alexander Pope, excerpts from An Essay on Man” and “The Rape of the Lock,” in The British Tradition, pp. 530-542
Thomas Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” in Damrosch, pp. 1373-1377
Samuel Johnson, excerpts from A Dictionary of the English Language and The Preface, in The British Tradition,
pp. 548-553
Introduction to James Boswell’s method and excerpt from The Life of Samuel Johnson, in Damrosch, pp. 1398-1408
10-12 W
illiam Blake, selected poems, in Damrosch, pp. 74-83
Robert Burns, selected poems, in Damrosch, pp. 188-192
Introduction to Frankenstein, in The British Tradition, pp. 651-654
William Wordsworth, “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,” “The Prelude,” “The World is Too Much
With Us,” “London, 1802,” in The British Tradition, pp. 666-676
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and “Kubla Khan,” in Damrosch, pp. 326-341, 341-345
Lord Byron, excerpts from “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,” “Don Juan” and “She Walks in Beauty,” in The British
Tradition, pp. 718-726
Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ozymandias,” “Ode to the West Wind” and To a Skylark,in The British Tradition, pp. 732-740
John Keats, “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer,” “When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be,” “Ode to a
Nightingale,” “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” in The British Tradition, pp. 746-756
3RD TRIMESTER
Subject: The Victorian Age and the 20th century
Themes: Rights of men and women; Disillusionment with social ills and the Age of Reform; Relationships; The modern
per
iod and beyond
WEEK READIN
GS
1-3 Br
ontë, Wuthering Heights (entire)
57
WEEK READINGS
4-6 Sir Alfred, Lord Tennyson, excerpt from “In Memoriam, A. H. H.,” “The Lady of Shalott” and “Ulysses,” in The British
Tradition, pp. 818-830
Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess,” “Life in a Love” and “Love Among the Ruins,” in The British Tradition, pp. 836-843
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Sonnet 43,” in The British Tradition, p. 844
Matthew Arnold, “Dover Beach,” in The British Tradition, pp. 884-885
Rudyard Kipling, “Recessional” and “The Widow at Windsor,” in The British Tradition, pp. 886-890
A.E. Housman, “To an Athlete Dying Young” and “When I Was One and Twenty,” in The British Tradition,
pp. 933-934
William Butler Yeats, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” andSailing to Byzantium,” in The British Tradition, pp. 968, 973-974
7-8 George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion, in Damrosch, pp. 1001-1063
9-10 Christina Rosetti,When I am dead, my dearest,“No, Thank You, John and Goblin Market,in Damrosch, p. 758, 759, 771
W.H. Auden, “In Memory of W.B. Yeats,” in The British Tradition, pp. 998-1001
Winston Churchill, “Wartime Speech,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1064-1067
Seamus Heaney, “Follower” and “Two Lorries,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1107-1108
Doris Lessing, “No Witchcraft for Sale,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1116-1122
11-12 Joseph Conrad, “
The Lagoon,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1134-1146
James Joyce, “Araby,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1147-1152
T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and The Waste Land,” in Damrosch, pp. 1194 and 1202
Virginia Woolf, “The Lady in the Looking Glass: A Reflection,” in Damrosch, pp. 1224-1229
Katherine Mansfield, “The Daughters of the Late Colonel,” in Damrosch, pp. 1289-1302
D.H. Lawrence, “The Rocking-Horse Winner,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1176-1189
Graham Greene, “A Shocking Accident,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1190-1194
Dylan Thomas, “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” and “Fern Hill,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1206-1209
Philip Larkin, “An Arundel Tomb” and “The Explosion,” in The British Tradition, pp. 1226-1229
59
Latin Overview
F
or nearly two thousand years, the study of Latin has taught students grammar, vocabulary, careful
reading and precise writing. Beyond the classroom, Latin has transmitted Western civilization’s greatest
achievements in literature, philosophy, theology and science. Furthermore, Latin encourages good intellectual
habits: students must learn to memorize information, to use systems to organize this information and to
access those systems of information smoothly. Students at Hillsdale Academy have the opportunity to reap all these
benefits during their four years of coursework in Latin.
1
In order to employ a four-year Latin requirement that recognizes the diversity of students’ ability levels, Latin at
Hillsdale Academy has two primary goals: to expand students’ understanding of language and to expose them to the
Greco-Roman intellectual tradition. Ultimately, all students should be able to translate simple Latin, on the level of
Caesar’s prose,
2
and those who are able should be challenged to read Virgil. Whether students are able to read Virgil
easily or with great difficulty by the end of their fourth year, however, should not solely determine success or failure in
their study of Latin.
During their first year, students focus on the basic grammar of Latin: they learn to memorize and to think
systematically. They learn grammar and basic translation skills, and they begin to explore philosophy through an
introduction to the pre-Socratic philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. Students complete their study of basic vocabulary in
Latin II and begin reading abridged, unadapted Latin from the Vulgate and from Livy. Through reading the Aeneid and
the Odyssey, they begin to think about the epic, the moral and spiritual virtues of the ancient world, and they become
familiar with two of the foundational works in the Western canon. In Latin III, students learn to read Latin prose through
Cicero, Latin poetry and Ovid. For those who struggle with Latin, translation work is supplemented by wide readings in
translation: Cicero’s philosophical works, Augustine’s Confessions and C.S. LewisFour Loves. Latin IV is devoted to the
Aeneid and preparing for the Advanced Placement exam. Students who choose not to take the exam will still be able to
participate in a close study of the Aeneid, but they are responsible for fewer lines of translation.
1
For an extensive treatment of the value of Latin within a classical curriculum, see Tracy Lee Simmons, Climbing Parnassus: A New
Apologia for Greek and Latin. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2002.
2
At Hillsdale Academy, this is considered a C- in Latin II.
61
Latin I • Grade 9
D
ESCRIPTION: During the ninth grade year, learning the basics is critical. Memorization of paradigms
and vocabulary, and rudimentary applications of the rules of grammar and syntax, are emphasized
over translation skills. Students who quickly master the memorization work may spend more time on
translation skills, but all students must keep up with the grammar. In this way, students who are able
to stay abreast of only the basic grammar and application can later develop translation skills because they have
established a strong foundation. Students also begin to learn about basic Greek philosophy, from the pre-Socratics
through Aristotle. This study prepares them for the work of later years.
1
METHOD: Class time is broken into three primary tasks: homework review, direct instruction and practice. Of these,
practice is the most important because it allows students to receive immediate feedback on their memorization
work. Memorization practice proceeds from group recitation to individual recitation and written recitation. Many
students need guidance in the mechanics of this work, and by observing their efforts directly, the teacher can readily
identify and assist those who are struggling. Direct instruction emphasizes the systematic nature of Latin morphology
and grammar. Homework review, whether students correct their own assignments or take short five-minute quizzes,
helps students recognize that they do their homework not only to complete it, but also to understand the material.
Weekly quizzes evaluate student progress; they give students the opportunity to review the daily topics. Regular
review weeks and exams help students reassimilate information. With lighter memorization work, students are able
to apply their knowledge in a more comprehensive manner.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Comeau, Paul T. and Richard A. LaFleur. Workbook for Wheelock’s Latin, 3rd ed. New York: Harper Collins, 2000.
Wheelock, Frederick M. Wheelock’s Latin Grammar, 6th ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York: Harper Collins,
2000.
2
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Wheelock, chap. 1-4 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs
Present tense
1st and 2nd declension nouns and adjectives
Esse, present tense
5
Review and comprehensive exam
62
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
6-11 Wheelock, chap. 5-10 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs
Present tense
Imperfect and future tenses
3rd declension nouns
Demonstrative pronouns and -ius adjectives
12 Review and comprehensive exam
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-5 Wheelock, chap. 11-15 Perfect active system
Uses of the ablative case
Demonstrative pronouns
Personal and reflexive pronouns
6
Review and comprehensive exam
7-10 Wheelock, chap. 16-19 Passive voice
Present and perfect systems
Further uses of the ablative case
3rd declension adjectives
Relative pronouns and relative clauses
11-12 Review and comprehensive exam
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Wheelock, chap. 20-23 More passive voice
Participles
4th and 5th declensions
Further uses of the ablative case
5 Review and comprehensive exam
6-9 Wheelock, chap. 24-27 Infinitives
Indirect statement
Ablative absolute
Passive periphrastic and dative of agent
Comparative adjectives
10-12 Review and final exam
1
For the pre-Socratic tradition of philosophy, see John Mansley Robinson, An Introduction to Early Greek Philosophy, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
Students read Plato in the Humane Letters course, but it is well worth revisiting the discussions of the Good (Republic, at the end of Bk. VI, 505a-
511e; and again in the middle of Bk. X, 608e ff.) and the purpose of education and the allegory of the cave (Republic, Bk. VII, 514a-541b). Aristotle is
considerably more challenging, but two short selections are essential: Bk. I, Chap. 1 of the Metaphysics, which discusses how humans know; and
Bk. I, Chap. 1 of the Nicomachean Ethics, which discusses the possibility of knowing moral absolutes.
2
Wheelock’s sophisticated approach is well suited to teaching the fundamentals of grammar in a systematic way. Other texts, such as Jenny’s Latin
or Latin for Americans, may also be used in the ninth grade, but the Cambridge, Oxford and Ecce Romani series are more appropriate for instructing
middle sc
hool students and should be avoided in the upper grades.
63
Latin II • Grade 10
D
ESCRIPTION: In tenth grade Latin, students complete Wheelock and move on to reading the Vulgate.
Since its Latin is straightforward and students are familiar with its stories, the Vulgate works well as
an introductory text. At the end of the year, students face the more challenging prose of Livy. Their
study of Latin is supplemented by a continuing exploration of Greek philosophy and an introduction to
the schools of Stoicism and Epicureanism. They also study Latin literature by reading Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s
Odyssey in English translations.
METHOD: The emphasis in Latin II is on the transition from memorization and rote application to a more flexible
application of the basics. Students must continue to memorize vocabulary and solidify the rules of syntax, but they
also begin to learn to read Latin as a living language. Rather than using a decoding method of reading in which they
search the Latin sentence to find sentence elements in the expected English word order, students practice reading
and translating word-by-word so that they learn to rely on the Latin word-endings to form the syntax of the sentence.
1
Throughout the year, the schedule of weekly quizzes and regular weeks of review established in Latin I continue, but
daily quizzes no longer occur.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Comeau, Paul T. and Richard A. LaFleur. Workbook for Wheelock’s Latin, 3rd ed. New York: Harper Collins, 2000.
Homer. Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Virgil. Aeneid. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Wheelock, Frederick M. Wheelock’s Latin Grammar, 6th ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York: Harper Collins, 2000.
------. Wheelock’s Latin Reader, 2nd ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York: Harper Collins, 2001.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Worksheets Review of Latin I
3-5 Wheelock, chap. 28-30 Subjunctive mood
6 Review and comprehensive exam
7-11 Wheelock, chap. 31-35 Deponent verbs
Fero, malo, volo, nolo
Subjunctive uses
Uses of the dative case
Adverbs
12 Review and comprehensive exam
64
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-5 Wheelock, chap. 36-40 Eo, fio
Wheelock’s Reader, the Vulgate Supines
Gerunds and gerundives
Jussive noun clauses
Fear clauses
Direct questions
Relative clauses of characteristic time and
place constructions
Reading Latin
6 Review and comprehensive exam
7-10 Wheelock’s Reader, the Vulgate and “Medieval Latin” Discussion of t
ext and reading Latin
1
1-12 Review and comprehensive exam
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-10 Wheelock’s Reader, “Livy” Discussion of text and reading Latin
11-12 Review and final exam
1
For a fuller treatment of this method, see William Gardner Hale, “The Art of Reading Latin and How to Teach It,” (1887) available at
http://www.bu.edu/mahoa/hale_art.html.
65
Latin III • Grade 11
D
ESCRIPTION: In Latin III, students read original Latin prose and poetry structured around the themes
of civic duty, cosmology, love and friendship. The material of the first two trimesters, Cicero’s Somnium
Scipionis and Laelius: De Amicitia, explores these themes in prose. The last trimester involves the
realization of all of these themes in Ovid’s poetry. This work is supplemented by an extensive study of
Roman philosophy and the Christian theology developed within and in response to that philosophy. Major readings in
English on these themes are from Cicero, Augustine and C.S. Lewis.
METHOD: Even students who struggle to translate Latin well can be successful with the thematic portion of the
course. The emphasis in class is on reading Latin and discussing both its grammar as well as its themes. Students
are rarely expected to bring written translations to class because this generally results in students reading their
translations, not the Latin. Translations of all Latin texts are provided. Students are evaluated not just on their
translations, but also on their ability to explain the grammar and syntax of Latin selections and on their discussion of
the ideas and themes contained within the assigned texts (both in English and in Latin). Students are given quizzes
roughly every two weeks and one or two paper assignments per trimester.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Anderson, William S. and Mary Purnell Frederick, eds. Ovid’s Metamorphoses. New York: Longman, 1988.
Augustine. Confessions. Translated by F.J. Sheed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1993.
Cicero. On the Good Life. Translated by Michael Grant. New York: Penguin, 1971.
Davis, Sally and Gilbert Lawall, eds. Cicero’s Somnium Scipionis. New York: Longman, 1988.
Lewis, C.S. The Four Loves. New York: Harcourt, 1960.
Wheelock, Frederick M. Wheelock’s Latin Reader, 2nd ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York: Harper Collins, 2001.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Worksheets Review of Latin grammar
3-10 Cicero, Somnium Scipionis
1
Civic duty, cosmology
Cicero, Discussions at Tusculum (Bk. V)
2
11-12 Review and exam
66
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-10 Wheelock’s Reader Love and friendship
(selections from Cicero’s De Amicitia)
3
Lewis, The Four Loves
11-12 Review and exam
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-10 Selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses:
4
Continuation of themes from Trimesters 1 and 2
“Baucis and Philemon” Reading poetry
“Narcissus and Echo” Poetic devices
“Pygmalion” Poetic meters
“Daedalus and Icharus”
“Creation”
Augustine, Confessions
11-12 Review and exam
1
Students should read the translation by Grant in its entirety before beginning the Latin text, and they should not be discouraged from using it as a
reference during their translation work.
2
This work is translated by Grant in On the Good Life.
3
Again, students should read Grant’s translation in its entirety before beginning to work on the Latin and should not be discouraged from using it as
a reference during their translation work.
4
Depending on the ability of the class, some passages will not always be covered. Translations can be found from a variety of sources, both in the
library and on the Internet. At this point, students should be encouraged to use teacher-approved translations and compare them as well as they can
to the Latin text.
67
Latin IV • Grade 12
D
ESCRIPTION: This course is taught according to a schedule that will prepare students to take the Advanced
Placement exam (Virgil syllabus) in early May. Students who choose not to take the exam need not keep
to this ambitious reading schedule and are responsible for a narrower selection of the Latin text. Teachers
should select a portion of each day’s lines for the non-AP students to read, rather than limiting by book or
passage. In this way, the entire class can progress through the Aeneid together.
METHOD: As in Latin III, all students should be expected to read some Latin, but they should not be evaluated solely
on their ability to translate. There is a considerable amount of flexibility in this class for students who are not taking
the AP exam. Students who struggle with the Latin can be challenged in their major papers to read more widely in
the Western epic tradition derived from the works of Homer and Virgil. A paper comparing the Aeneid to Dante’s
Commedia or Milton’s Paradise Lost, for example, would be a fruitful exercise, true to the spirit of the course; and a
well-prepared presentation would benefit the entire class. Such work, however, should not wholly replace struggling
with the Latin, for all students can benefit from an analysis of Virgil’s poetry in the original.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Aristotle. Poetics. Translated by Malcolm Heath. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Boyd, Barbara Weiden, ed. Selections from Virgil’s Aeneid. Waudconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 2001.
------. Virgil’s Aeneid: Teacher’s Guide. Waudconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 2001.
1
1ST TRIMESTER (AP SCHEDULE)
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-5 A
eneid Bk. I.1-520 (520 lines) Epic
Aeneas
6 Review and exam
7-10 Aeneid Bk. II.1-56, 199-297, 469-566, 735-804 (320 lines) Epic
Aeneas
11-12 Review and exam
68
2ND TRIMESTER (AP SCHEDULE)
Students should read the Poetics at home during weeks 1-8. Major themes will be discussed in class.
WEEK MA
TERIAL TOPIC
1-4 A
eneid Bk. IV. 1-449, 642-705 (510 lines) Tragedy
Dido
5 Review and exam
6-7 A
eneid VI. Bk. 1-211, 457-469, 847-901 (270 lines) Tragedy
Dido
8 A
eneid X. Bk. 420-509, XII. 791-842 (130 lines) Tragedy
Dido
9-12 Review, major paper and exam
3RD TRIMESTER (AP SCHEDULE)
Please see the AP syllabus for readings appropriate to preparing for the AP exam.
WEEK MA
TERIAL
1-2 Review Bk. I of the Aeneid
2
3-4 Review Bk. II
5-6 Review Bk. IV
7-8 Review Bks. VI-XII
9-11 Take AP exam (see AP schedule)
Major paper
12 Exam
1
This book is useful for students as well, because it includes a literal translation, many good questions about the text and a copy of the Latin text
without any vocabulary or notes.
2
Students should review the entire English translation of the Aeneid at home during weeks 1-2 in preparation for reviewing the Latin in class.
69
Mathematics Overview
T
he study of mathematics is of primary importance in developing skills in logical and analytical thinking and
in applying mathematical treatments to problem solving. The attainment of such knowledge and skills
is important and necessary for further study in mathematics and in disciplines which are mathematically
based, such as physics, chemistry and engineering.
In Hillsdale Academy’s Upper School, mathematical study begins in the ninth grade with a year of geometry, one
of the seven traditional liberal arts. Though the Academy has followed the Saxon math series in earlier grades, and
though geometry is integrated into the Saxon series, the skills in logical thinking, reasoning, proofs and visualization
merit a separate geometry course, for which we use the University of Chicago Mathematics Project’s Geometry. In
the tenth and eleventh grades, we use Saxon’s Algebra II and Advanced Mathematics. Saxon mathematics is based
on developing new skills and learning new concepts in small increments, providing continuing practice as new
increments are added and testing students’ progress with cumulative assessments. Calculus is studied in the twelfth
grade, usually using Saxon’s Calculus with Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry. This course does not specifically
prepare the student for an Advanced Placement examination in calculus, although a well-prepared student may take
the exam. A student preparing for the Advanced Placement exam might be better served by using Finney, Demana,
Waits and Kennedy, as referred to in the calculus listing.
The mathematics and science curricula are coordinated in order to prepare the students mathematically for
each stage of science study and to reinforce mathematical skills in science classes. The mathematics used in tenth-
grade physics will have been studied in eighth-grade algebra I and in ninth-grade geometry and, to some extent,
concurrently with the study of algebra II in tenth grade. The mathematics needed for eleventh-grade chemistry and
for twelfth-grade advanced biology will have been completed by the end of the study of algebra II in tenth grade. The
astronomy/advanced physics elective in twelfth grade utilizes the mathematics learned in eleventh-grade advanced
mathematics and concurrently being learned in twelfth-grade calculus.
71
Geometry • Grade 9
D
ESCRIPTION: Geometrical concepts and proofs of theorems are the foundations of the course; logical
thinking is the primary objective. Drawing, visualizing, following algorithms, understanding properties and
representing geometrical concepts with coordinates and networks are also emphasized.
METHOD: New lessons are introduced daily, with seven to nine lessons grouped into a chapter. Nightly homework
includes problems covering both old and new concepts. Two quizzes and a test per chapter measure student
progress and comprehension.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Usiskin, Z., et al. Geometry, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago School Mathematics Project, 2002.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXT:
Euclid’s Elements. Any edition.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1-3 Chapter 1: Points and lines
4-5 Chapter 2: Language and logic of geometry
6-8 Chapter 3: Angles and lines
9-10 Chapter 4: Reflections, translations and congruence
11-12 Chapter 5: Proofs using congruence
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1-3 Chapter 6: Polygons and symmetry
4-5 Chapter 7: Triangle congruence
6-8 Chapter 8: Perimeters and areas
9-11 Chapter 9: Three-dimensional figures
12 Chapter 10: Surface areas and volumes
72
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1-2 Chapter 10: Surface areas and volumes
3-5 Chapter 11: Indirect and coordinate proofs
6-8 Chapter 12: Similarity
9-10 Chapter 13: Similar triangles and trigonometry
11-12 Chapter 14: Circles
73
Algebra II • Grade 10
D
ESCRIPTION: An integrated approach to mathematics is achieved through a review of basic algebra and
geometry, followed by an incremental development of more advanced algebra, geometry, trigonometry,
statistics and pre-calculus concepts.
METHOD: New concepts are introduced in each daily lesson. The lesson homework consists of thirty problems,
most of which are review questions. The daily review of topics covered in previous classes and in previous lessons
encourages retention of concepts through repetition and provides a natural segue into new concepts. Cumulative
tests are taken after every fourth lesson.
REQUIRED TEXT AND MATERIALS:
Saxon, John H. Jr. Algebra II: An Incremental Development, 2nd ed. Oklahoma City, OK: Thompson’s School Book
Depository, 1991.
Any scientific calculator
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson A: Geometry review; Angles; Review of absolute value; Properties and definitions
Lesson B: Perimeter; Area; Volume; Surface area; Sectors of circles
Lesson 1: Polygons; Triangles; Transversals; Proportional segments
Lesson 2: Negative exponents; Product and power theorems for exponents; Circle relationships
Lesson 3: Evaluation of expressions; Adding like terms
2 Lesson 4: Distributive property; Solution of equations; Change sides—change signs
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 5: Word problems; Fractional parts of a number
Lesson 6: Equations with decimal numbers; Consecutive integer word problems
3
Lesson 7: Percent; Equations from geometry
Lesson 8: Polynomials; Graphing linear equations; Intercept-slope method
Lesson 9: Percent word problems
Lesson 10: Pythagorean theorem
Review/Practice test
4 Test
Lesson 11: Addition of fractions; Inscribed angles
Lesson 12: Equation of a line
Lesson 13: Substitution; Area of an isosceles triangle
Lesson 14: Equation of a line through two points; Equation of a line with a given slope
74
WEEK TOPIC
5 Lesson 15: Elimination
Lesson 16: Multiplication of polynomials; Division of polynomials
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 17: Subscripted variables; Angle relationships
6 Lesson 18: Ratio word problems; Similar triangles
Lesson 19: Value word problems; AA means AAA
Lesson 20: Simplification of radicals; Line parallel to a given line
Lesson 21: Scientific notation; Two statements of equality
*Review: Game/Competition #1
7
Lesson 22: Uniform motion problems—equal distances; Similar triangles and proportions
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 23: Graphical solutions
Lesson 24: Fractional equations; Overlapping triangles
8 Lesson 25: Monomial factoring; Cancellation; Parallel lines
Lesson 26: Trinomial factoring; Overlapping right triangles
Lesson 27: Rational expressions
Lesson 28: Complex fractions; Rationalizing the denominator
Review/Practice test
9 Test
Lesson 29: Uniform motion problems: D
1
+ D
2
= k
Lesson 30: Deductive reasoning; Euclid; Vertical angles are equal; Corresponding interior and exterior angles;
180° in a triangle
Lesson 31: Negative reciprocals; Perpendicular lines; Remote interior angles
Lesson 32: Quotient theorem for square roots; Congruency; Congruent triangles
10 Lesson 33: Major rules of algebra; Complex fractions
Lesson 34: Uniform motion problems: D
1
+ k = D
2
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 35: Angles in polygons; Inscribed quadrilaterals; Fractional exponents
1
1 Lesson 36: Contrived problems; Multiplication of rational expressions; Division of rational expressions
Lesson 37: Chemical compounds; Parallelograms
Lesson 38: Powers of sums; Solving by factoring; Only zero equals zero
Lesson 39: Difference of two squares; Parallelogram proof; Rhombus
*Review: Game/Competition #2
12 Lesson 40: Abstract fractional equations
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 41: Units; Unit multipliers
Lesson 42: Estimating with scientific notation
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 43: Sine, cosine and tangent; Inverse functions
Lesson 44: Solving right triangles
Lesson 45: Difference-of-two-squares theorem
Lesson 46: More on radical expressions; Radicals to fractional exponents
Review/Practice test
75
WEEK TOPIC
2 Test
Lesson 47: Rate unit conversions; More on fractional exponents
Lesson 48: Radical equations
Lesson 49: Linear intercepts; Transversals
Lesson 50: Quadratic equations; Completing the square
3 Lesson 51: Imaginary numbers; Product-of-square-roots theorem; Euler’s notation; Complex numbers
Lesson 52: Chemical mixture problems
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 53: Metric unit conversions; English units to metric units; Weight combination by percent
4 Lesson 54: Polar coordinates; Similar triangles
Lesson 55: Advanced abstract equations; Word problems and quadratic equations
Lesson 56: Angles in circles; Proofs
Lesson 57: Ideal gas laws
Lesson 58: Lead coefficients; More on completing the square
5 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 59: Experimental data; Simultaneous equations with fractions and decimals; Rectangular form to polar form
Lesson 60: Direct and inverse variation
Lesson 61: Chemical mixture problems, type B
6 Lesson 62: Complex roots of quadratic equations
Lesson 63: Addition of vectors
Lesson 64: Complex fractions; Complex numbers
Review/Practice test
Test
7 Lesson 65: Advanced substitution
Lesson 66: Signs of fractions; 30-60-90 triangles
Lesson 67: Radical denominators
Lesson 68: Scientific calculator; Scientific notation; Powers and roots
*Review: Game/Competition #3
8 Lesson 69: Gas law problems
Lesson 70: Advanced abstract equations
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 71: Quadratic formula
9 Lesson 72: Lines from experimental data; Negative angles
Lesson 73: More on radical denominators
Lesson 74: Uniform motion with both distances given
Lesson 75: Factorable denominators and sign changes
Lesson 76: Using both substitution and elimination; Negative vectors
10 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 77: Advanced radical equations; Multiple radicals
Lesson 78: Force vectors at a point
Lesson 79: Metric volume; 45-45-90 triangles
11 Lesson 80: Direct and inverse variation as ratios
Lesson 81: Complex numbers
Lesson 82: Algebraic simplifications
Review/Practice test
Test
76
12 Lesson 83: Variable exponents
Lesson 84: Solutions of equations
Lesson 85: Systems of nonlinear equations
Lesson 86: Greater than; Trichotomy and transitive axioms; Irrational roots
*Review: Game/Competition #4
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 87: Slope formula
Lesson 88: The distance formula; The relationship PV = nRT
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 89: Conjunctions; Disjunctions; Products of chords and secants
2 Lesson 90: Systems of three equations
Lesson 91: Linear inequalities; Greater than or equal to; Less than or equal to; Systems of linear inequalities
Lesson 92: Boat-in-the-river problems
Lesson 93: The discriminant
Lesson 94: Dependent and independent variables; Functions; Functional notation
3 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 95: More nonlinear systems
Lesson 96: Joint and combined variation; More on irrational roots
Lesson 97: Advanced substitution
4 Lesson 98: Relationships of numbers
Lesson 99: Absolute value inequalities; Negative numbers and absolute value
Lesson 100: Graphs of parabolas
Review/Practice test
Test
5 Lesson 101: Percent markups
Lesson 102: Sums of functions; Products of functions
Lesson 103: Advanced polynomial division
Lesson 104: Complex numbers, rational numbers and decimal numerals
*Review: Game/Competition #5
6 Lesson 105: Advanced factoring
Lesson 106: More on systems of three equations
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 107: Numbers, numerals and value; Number word problems
7 Lesson 108: Sum and difference of two cubes
Lesson 109: More on fractional exponents
Lesson 110: Quadratic inequalities (greater than)
Lesson 111: Three statements of equality
Lesson 112: Quadratic inequalities (less than)
8 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 113: Logarithms; Antilogarithms
Lesson 114: Nonlinear inequalities
Lesson 115: Exponential equations; Exponential functions; Compound interest
77
WEEK TOPIC
9 Lesson 116: Fundamental counting principle and permutations; Probability; Independent events
Lesson 117: Letter symbols for sets; Set-builder notation
Lesson 118: Logarithmic equations
Review/Practice test
Test
10 Lesson 119: Absolute value inequalities
Lesson 120: Age word problems
Lesson 121: Rational inequalities
Lesson 122: Laws of logarithms; Intersection of sets; Union of sets; Venn diagrams
Lesson 123: Locus; Basic construction
11 Lesson 124: Conditions of congruence; Proofs of congruence; Isosceles triangles
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 125: Distance defined; Equidistance; Circle proofs
Lesson 126: Rectangles; Squares; Isosceles trapezoids; Chords and arcs
12 Lesson 127: Lines and planes in space
Lesson 128: Circumscribed and inscribed; Inscribed triangles; Inscribed circles; Proof of the Pythagorean theorem;
Inscribed angles
Lesson 129: Stem and leaf plots; Measures of central tendency; The normal curve; Standard deviation
Review/Practice test
Test
*Optional
79
Advanced Mathematics • Grade 11
D
ESCRIPTION: The topics covered in this course include a review of algebra and an in-depth presentation of
trigonometry, logarithms, analytic geometry and upper-level algebraic concepts. The study of geometry,
begun in Algebra I, is also completed. In addition to teaching the concepts and skills necessary to succeed
in calculus and in disciplines that are mathematically based (e.g. chemistry and physics), this course also
requires students to work on problem-solving skills and to develop productive thought patterns.
METHOD: Students with good mathematical aptitudes will cover one lesson per class and thus the majority of the
material in the text in one school year. Some students, however, may need two classes to cover each lesson, and
thus require two school years to cover the same material. Each lesson is introduced first in class. Students then read
the same lesson as homework before working a limited number of problems based on the new concept(s) they have
learned. They also work problems based on previously learned concepts. During class, the teacher discusses with
the students the solutions to the homework problems from the previous night before introducing the next lesson.
Students are encouraged to demonstrate the solutions to problems at the blackboard. Cumulative tests are given
after every fourth lesson. The tests emphasize material from four to eight lessons back, but also include problems
from earlier lessons in order to ensure that students not forget foundational concepts.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Saxon, John H. Jr. Advanced Mathematics: An Incremental Development, 2nd ed. Norman, OK: Saxon Publishers, 1998.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Saxon, John H. Jr. Advanced Mathematics: An Incremental Development, Solutions Manual, 2nd ed. Norman, OK:
Saxon Publishers, 1997.
Saxon, John H. Jr. Advanced Mathematics: An Incremental Development, Test Masters, 2nd ed. Norman, OK: Saxon
Publishers, 1997.
BACKGROUND TEXT RECOMMENDATIONS:
Larson, Ron and Robert P. Hastetler. Precalculus, 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 1: Geometry review
Lesson 2: More on area; Cylinders and prisms; Cones and pyramids; Spheres
Lesson 3: Pythagorean theorem; Triangle inequalities (part 1); Similar polygons; Similar triangles
Lesson 4: Construction
Lesson 5: Exponents and radicals; Complex numbers; Areas of similar geometric figures; Diagonals of
rectangular solids
80
WEEK TOPIC
2 Lesson 6: Fractional equations; Radical equations; Systems of three linear equations
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 7: Inductive and deductive reasoning; Logic; The contrapositive; Converse and inverse
Lesson 8: Statements of similarity; Proportional segments; Angle bisectors and side ratios
3
Lesson 9: Congruent figures; Proof outlines
Lesson 10: Equation of a line; Rational denominators; Completing the square
Lesson 11: Circles; Properties of circles; The quadratic formula
Lesson 12: Angles and diagonals in polygons; Proof of the chord-tangent theorem
*Game/Competition/Review
4 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 13: Intersecting secants; Intersecting secants and tangents; Products of chord segments; Products of
secant and tangent segments
Lesson 14: Sine, cosine and tangent; Angles of elevation and depression; Rectangular and polar coordinates;
Coordinate conversion
Lesson 15: Assumptions; Proofs
5
Lesson 16: Complex fractions; Abstract equations; Division of polynomials
Lesson 17: Proofs of the Pythagorean theorem; Proofs of similarity
Lesson 18: Advanced word problems
Review/Practice test
Test
6 Lesson 19: Nonlinear systems; Factoring exponentials; Sum and difference of two cubes
Lesson 20: Two special triangles
Lesson 21: Evaluating functions; Domain and range; Types of functions; Tests for functions
Lesson 22: Absolute value; Reciprocal functions
Lesson 23: The exponential function; Sketching exponentials
7 Lesson 24: Sums of trigonometric functions; Combining functions
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 25: Age problems; Rate problems
8 Lesson 26: The logarithmic form of the exponential; Logarithmic equations
Lesson 27: Related angles; Signs of trigonometric functions
Lesson 28: Factorial notation; Abstract rate problems
Lesson 29: The unit circle; Very large and very small fractions; Quadrantal angles
Lesson 30: Addition of vectors; Overlapping triangles
9 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 31: Symmetry; Reflections; Translations
Lesson 32: Inverse functions; Four quadrant signs; Inverse trigonometric functions
Lesson 33: Quadrilaterals; Properties of parallelograms; Types of parallelograms; Conditions for parallelograms;
Trapezoids
10 Lesson 34: Summation notation; Linear regression; Decomposing functions
Lesson 35: Change in coordinates; The name of a number; The distance formula
Lesson 36: Angles greater than 360°; Sums of trigonometric functions; Boat-in-the-river problems
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
81
WEEK TOPIC
11 Test
Lesson 37: The Line as a locus; The midpoint formula
Lesson 38: Fundamental counting principle and permutations; Designated roots; Overall average rate
Lesson 39: Radian measure of angles; Forms of linear equations
Lesson 40: The argument in mathematics; The laws of logarithms; Properties of inverse functions
12 Lesson 41: Reciprocal trigonometric functions; Permutation notation
Lesson 42: Conic sections; Circles; Constants in exponential functions
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 43: Periodic functions; Graphs of sin Ð and cos Ð
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 44: Abstract rate problems
Lesson 45: Conditional permutations; Two-variable analysis using a graphing calculator
Lesson 46: Complex roots; Factoring over the complex numbers
Lesson 47: Vertical sinusoid translations; Arctan
Lesson 48: Powers of trigonometric functions; Perpendicular bisectors
2 *Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 49: The logarithmic function; Development of the rules for logarithms
Lesson 50: Trigonometric equations
3 Lesson 51: Common logarithms and natural logarithms
Lesson 52: The inviolable argument; Arguments in trigonometric equations
Lesson 53: Review of unit multipliers; Angular velocity
Lesson 54: Parabolas
Review/Practice test
4 Test
Lesson 55: Circular permutations; Distinguishable permutations
Lesson 56: Triangular areas; Areas of segments; Systems of inequalities
Lesson 57: Phase shifts in sinusoids; Period of a sinusoid
Lesson 58: Distance from a point to a line; “Narrow” and “wide” parabolas
5 Lesson 59: Advanced logarithm problems; The color of the White House
Lesson 60: Factorable trigonometric equations; Loss of solutions caused by division
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
6 Lesson 61: Single-variable analysis; The normal distribution; Box-and-whisker plots
Lesson 62: Abstract coefficients; Linear variation
Lesson 63: Circles and completing the square
Lesson 64: The complex plane; Polar form of a complex number; Sums and products of complex numbers
Lesson 65: Radicals in trigonometric equations; Graphs of logarithmic functions
7 Lesson 66: Formulas for systems of equations; Phase shifts and period changes
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 67: Antilogarithms
Lesson 68: Locus definition of a parabola; Translated parabolas; Applications; Derivation
82
WEEK TOPIC
8 Lesson 69: Matrices; Determinants
Lesson 70: Percentiles and z scores
Lesson 71: The ellipse (part 1)
Lesson 72: One side plus two other parts; Law of sines
*Game/Competition/Review
9
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 73: Regular polygons
Lesson 74: Cramer’s rule
Lesson 75: Combinations
10 Lesson 76: Functions of (-x); Functions of the other angle; Trigonometric identities (part 1); Rules of the game
Lesson 77: Binomial expansions (part 1)
Lesson 78: The hyperbola
Review/Practice test
Test
1
1 Lesson 79: DeMoivre’s theorem; Roots of complex numbers
Lesson 80: Trigonometric identities (part 2)
Lesson 81: Law of cosines
Lesson 82: Taking the logarithm of exponential equations
Lesson 83: Simple probability; Independent events; Replacement
12 Lesson 84: Factorable expressions; Sketching sinusoids
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 85: Advanced trigonometric equations; Clock problems
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 86: Arithmetic progressions and arithmetic means
Lesson 87: Sum and difference identities; Tangent identities
Lesson 88: Exponential functions (growth and decay)
Lesson 89: The ellipse (part 2)
Lesson 90: Double-angle identities; Half-angle identities
2 Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 91: Geometric progressions
Lesson 92: Probability of either; Notations for permutations and combinations
Lesson 93: Advanced trigonometric identities; Triangle inequalities (part 2)
3 Lesson 94: Graphs of secant and cosecant; Graphs of tangent and cotangent
Lesson 95: Advanced complex roots
Lesson 96: More double-angle identities; Triangle area formula; Proof of the law of sines; Equal angles imply
proportional sides
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
4 Test
Lesson 97: The ambiguous case
Lesson 98: Change of base; Contrived logarithm problems
Lesson 99: Sequence notations; Advanced sequence problems; The arithmetic and geometric means
Lesson 100: Product identities; More sum and difference identities
83
WEEK TOPIC
5 Lesson 101: Zero determinants; 3x3 determinants; Determinant solutions of 3x3 systems; Independent equations
Lesson 102: Binomial expansions (part 2)
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 103: Calculations with logarithms; Power of the hydrogen
6 Lesson 104: Arithmetic series; Geometric series
Lesson 105: Cofactors; Expansion by cofactors
Lesson 106: Translations of conic sections; Equations of the ellipse; Equations of the hyperbola
Lesson 107: Convergent geometric series
Lesson 108: Matrix addition and multiplication
7 *Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 109: Rational numbers
Lesson 110: Graphs of arcsine and arccosine; Graphs of arcsecant and arccosecant; Graphs of arctangent
and arccotangent
8 Lesson 111: Logarithmic inequalities: Bases greater or less than one
Lesson 112: Binomial theorem
Lesson 113: Synthetic division; Zeros and roots
Lesson 114: Graphs of factored polynomial functions
*Game/Competition/Review
9
Review/Practice test
Test
Lesson 115: The remainder theorem
Lesson 116: The region of interest
Lesson 117: Prime and relatively prime numbers; Rational roots theorem
1
0 Lesson 118: Roots of polynomial equations
Lesson 119: Descartes’ rule of signs; Upper and lower bound theorem; Irrational roots
Lesson 120: Matrix algebra; Finding inverse matrices
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
11 Test
Lesson 121: Piecewise functions; Greatest integer function
Lesson 122: Graphs of rational functions; Graphs that contain holes
Lesson 123: The general conic equation
Lesson 124: Point of division formulas
1
2 Lesson 125: Using the graphing calculator to graph; Solutions of systems of equations using the graphing
calculator; Roots
*Game/Competition/Review
Review/Practice test
Test
*Optional
85
Calculus • Grade 12
D
ESCRIPTION: This course presents and develops the concepts, methods and skills of calculus, with
trigonometry and analytic geometry. It emphasizes problem solving and analytical thinking. The course
begins with the study of the rate of change of functions, then studies derivatives and their applications,
integration and applications of definite integrals, the calculus of transcendental functions (trigonometric,
inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic) and the techniques of integration.
METHOD: The teacher follows Saxon’s method by introducing a new lesson in each class. As homework, students
read the lesson explaining the same concepts introduced in class. They work some problems based upon these new
concepts, and even more problems based upon concepts previously introduced. Before introducing the next lesson
in class, the teacher discusses with the students the solutions to the homework problems from the previous night.
Students are encouraged to demonstrate the solutions to problems at the blackboard. Tests are given after every
fourth lesson. The tests emphasize material from four to eight lessons back, but also include problems from earlier
lessons in order to ensure that students do not forget foundational concepts. The schedule of topics from Saxon’s
Calculus as they are listed below would fit an accelerated student who wished to attempt an Advanced Placement
examination in calculus, although for that purpose the student might want to consider the text by Finney listed
under the background text recommendations. The typical student will require three semesters to complete Saxon’s
Calculus. For two semesters, a realistic goal is to proceed at such a pace as to complete Lesson 104.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Saxon, John H. Jr. and Frank Y.H. Wang. Calculus with Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry, 2nd ed. Norman, OK:
Saxon, 2002.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Saxon, John H. Jr. and Frank Y.H. Wang. Calculus with Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry, Solutions Manual, 2nd ed.
Norman, OK: Saxon Publishers, Inc., 2002.
Saxon, John H. Jr. Advanced Mathematics: An Incremental Development, Test Masters, 2nd ed. Norman, OK: Saxon
Publishers, 1997.
BACKGROUND TEXT RECOMMENDATIONS:
Finney, Ross L., et al. Calculus, Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1999.
Thomas, George B. Jr. and Ross L. Finney. Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 8th ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1992.
86
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Introduction
Lesson 1: Real numbers; Review of algebraic manipulations
Lesson 2: Review of equations of lines; Using the graphing calculator
Lesson 3: The contrapositive, converse and inverse; If and only if statements
Lesson 4: Radian measure of angles; Trigonometric ratios; The four quadrant signs; Simplifying trigonometric
expressions
2 Lesson 5: Review of word problems
Lesson 6: Equations and graphs of functions; Functional notation; Domain and range
Lesson 7: The unit circle; Centerline, amplitude and phase angle of sinusoids; Period of a function; Important
numbers; Exponential functions
Lesson 8: Pythagorean identities; Functions of - ; Trigonometric identities; Cofunctions; Similar triangles
Test through lesson 4
3
Lesson 9: Absolute value as a distance; Graphing “special” functions; Logarithms; Base 10 and base e; Simple
logarithm problems
Lesson 10: Quadratic polynomials; Remainder theorem; Rational roots theorem
Lesson 11: Continuity; Left- and right-hand limits
Lesson 12: Sum and difference identities; Double-angle identities; Half-angle identities; Graphs of logarithmic functions
Test through lesson 8
4 Lesson 13: Inverse trigonometric functions; Trigonometric equations
Lesson 14: Limit of a function
Lesson 15: Interval notation; Products of linear factors; Tangents; Increasing and decreasing functions
Lesson 16: Logarithms of products and quotients; Logarithms of powers; Exponential equations
Test through lesson 12
5 Lesson 17: Infinity as a limit; Undefined limits
Lesson 18: Sums, differences, products and quotients of functions; Composition of functions
Lesson 19: The derivative; Slopes of curves on a graphing calculator
Lesson 20: Change of base; Graphing origin-centered conics on a graphing calculator
Test through lesson 16
6 Lesson 21: Translations of functions; Graphs of rational functions (part 1)
Lesson 22: Binomial expansion; Recognizing the equations of conic sections
Lesson 23: Trigonometric functions of nθ; Graphing conics on a graphing calculator
Lesson 24: New notation for the definition of the derivative; The derivative of x
n
Test through lesson 20
7
Lesson 25: The constant-multiple rule for derivatives; The derivatives of sums and differences; Proof of the
derivative of a sum
Lesson 26: Derivatives of e
x
and ln |x|; Derivatives of sin x and cos x; Exponential growth and decay
Lesson 27: Equation of the tangent line; Higher-order derivatives
Lesson 28: Graphs of rational functions (part 2); A special limit
Test through lesson 24
8 Lesson 29: Newton and Leibniz; Differentials
Lesson 30: Graph of tan θ; Graphs of reciprocal functions
Lesson 31: Product rule; Proof of product rule
Lesson 32: An antiderivative; The indefinite integral
Test through lesson 28
9 Lesson 33: Factors of polynomial functions; Graphs of polynomial functions
Lesson 34: Implicit differentiation
Lesson 35: Integral of a constant; Integral of kf(x); Integral of x
n
Lesson 36: Critical numbers; A note about critical numbers
Test through lesson 32
87
WEEK TOPIC
10 Lesson 37: Differentiation by u substitution
Lesson 38: Integral of a sum; Integral of 1/x
Lesson 39: Area under a curve; Upper and lower sums; Left, right and midpoint sums
Lesson 40: Units for the derivative; Normal lines; Maximums and minimums on a graphing calculator
Test through lesson 36
1
1 Lesson 41: Graphs of rational functions (part 3)
Lesson 42: The derivative of a quotient; Proof of the quotient rule
Lesson 43: Area under a curve as an infinite summation
Lesson 44: The chain rule; Alternate definition of the derivative; The symmetric derivative
Test through lesson 40
12 Lesson 45: Using f’ to characterize f; Using f’ to find maximums and minimums
Lesson 46: Related rates problems
Lesson 47: Fundamental theorem of calculus (part 1); Riemann sums; The definite integral
Lesson 48: Derivatives of trigonometric functions; Summary of rules for derivatives and differentials
Test through lesson 44
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 49: Concavity and inflection points; Geometric meaning of the second derivative; First and second
derivative tests
Lesson 50: Derivatives of composite functions; Derivatives of products and quotients of composite functions
Lesson 51: Integration by guessing
Lesson 52: Maximization and minimization problems
Test through lesson 48
2 Lesson 53: Numerical integration of positive-valued functions on a graphing calculator
Lesson 54: Velocity and acceleration; Motion due to gravity
Lesson 55: Maclaurin polynomials
Lesson 56: More integration by guessing
Test through lesson 52
3 Lesson 57: Properties of the definite integral
Lesson 58: Explicit and implicit equations; Inverse functions
Lesson 59: Computing areas; More numerical integration on a graphing calculator
Lesson 60: Area between two curves; Area between curves using a graphing calculator
Test through lesson 56
4 Lesson 61: Playing games with f, f’ and f’’
Lesson 62: Work, distance and rates
Lesson 63: Critical number (closed interval) theorem
Lesson 64: Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions
Test through lesson 60
5 Lesson 65: Falling-body problems
Lesson 66: u substitution; Change of variable; Proof of substitution theorem
Lesson 67: Areas involving functions of y
Lesson 68: Even and odd functions
Test through lesson 64
6 Lesson 69: Integration by parts (part 1)
Lesson 70: Properties of limits; Some special limits
Lesson 71: Solids of revolution (part 1): disks
Lesson 72: Derivatives of a
x
; Derivatives of log
a
x; Derivative of |f(x)|
Test through lesson 68
88
WEEK TOPIC
7 Lesson 73: Integrals of a
x
; Integrals of log
a
x
Lesson 74: Fluid force
Lesson 75: Continuity of functions
Lesson 76: Integration of odd powers of sin x and cos x
Test through lesson 72
8 Lesson 77: Pumping fluids
Lesson 78: Particle motion (part 1)
Lesson 79: L’Hôpital’s rule
Lesson 80: Asymptotes of rational functions
Test through lesson 76
9 Lesson 81: Solids of revolution (part 2): washers
Lesson 82: Limits and continuity; Differentiability
Lesson 83: Integration of even powers of sin x and cos x
Lesson 84: Logarithmic differentiation
Test through lesson 80
10 Lesson 85: The mean value theorem and its applications; Proof of Rolle’s theorem
Lesson 86: Rules for even and odd functions
Lesson 87: Solids of revolution (part 3): shells
Lesson 88: Separable differential equations
Test through lesson 84
1
1 Lesson 89: Average value of a function; Mean value theorem for integrals and its proof
Lesson 90: Particle motion (part 2)
Lesson 91: Product and difference indeterminate forms
Lesson 92: Derivatives of inverse functions
Test through lesson 88
12 Lesson 93: Newton’s method
Lesson 94: Solids of revolution (part 4): displaced axes of revolution
Lesson 95: Trapezoidal rule; Error bound for the trapezoidal rule
Lesson 96: Derivatives and integrals of functions involving absolute value
Test through lesson 92
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Lesson 97: Solids defined by cross sections
Lesson 98: Fundamental theorem of calculus (part 2); The natural logarithm function
Lesson 99: Linear approximations using differentials
Lesson 100: Integrals of powers of tan x; Integrals of powers of cot x; Integrals of sec x and csc x
Test through lesson 96
2 Lesson 101: Limit of (sin x)/x for small x; Proof of the derivative of sin x
Lesson 102: Derivatives of ln x and e
x
; Definition of e
Lesson 103: Proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus; Epsilon-delta proofs
Lesson 104: Graphs of solutions of differential equations; Slope fields; Recognizing graphs of slope fields
Test through lesson 100
3 Lesson 105: Sequences; Limit of a sequence; Graphs of sequences; Characteristics of sequences
Lesson 106: Introduction to parametric equations; Slope of parametric curves
Lesson 107: Polar coordinates; Polar equations
Lesson 108: Introduction to vectors; Arithmetic of vectors; Unit vectors and normal vectors
Test through lesson 104
89
WEEK TOPIC
4 Lesson 109: Arc length (part 1); Rectangular equations
Lesson 110: Rose curves
Lesson 111: The exponential indeterminate forms 0
0
, 1
and
0
Lesson 112: Foundations of trigonometric substitution
Test through lesson 108
5 Lesson 113: Trigonometric substitution
Lesson 114: Arc length (part 2): parametric equations
Lesson 115: Partial fractions (part 1); Logistic differential equations
Lesson 116: Series
Test through lesson 112
6 Lesson 117: Geometric series; Telescoping series
Lesson 118: Limaçons and lemniscates
Lesson 119: Parametric equations—second derivatives and tangent lines
Lesson 120: Partial fractions (part 2)
Test through lesson 116
7 Lesson 121: Convergence and divergence; Series indexing; Arithmetic of series
Lesson 122: Integration by parts (part 2)
Lesson 123: Vector functions
Lesson 124: Implicit differentiation (part 2)
Test through lesson 120
8 Lesson 125: Infinite limits of integration
Lesson 126: Partial fractions (part 3)
Lesson 127: P-series
Lesson 128: Basic comparison test; Integral test; Proof of p-test
Test through lesson 124
9 Lesson 129: Area bounded by polar curves
Lesson 130: Ratio test; Root test
Lesson 131: Infinite integrands
Lesson 132: Limit comparison test
Test through lesson 128
10 Lesson 133: Euler’s method
Lesson 134: Slopes of polar curves
Lesson 135: Absolute convergence
Lesson 136: Using the chain rule with the fundamental theorem of calculus
Test through lesson 132
11 Lesson 137: Piecewise integration
Lesson 138: Conditional convergence and Leibniz’s theorem
Lesson 139: Alternating series approximation theorem
Lesson 140: Projectile motion
Test through lesson 136
12 Lesson 141: Taylor series
Lesson 142: Velocity and acceleration as vector functions
Lesson 143: Binomial series
Lesson 144: Remainder theorem
Test through lesson 144
91
Rhetoric Overview
T
he study and use of rhetorical skills have often been misunderstood as a game of words. After all, politicians,
pundits and demagogues are frequently known to use “rhetoric” to obscure truth or to trick an audience into
accepting a spurious argument. Such a misrepresentation is unfortunate in a world that is in need of the
logic and skills of communication that can be obtained through a close study of rhetoric. Indeed, this course
of study ought to be understood as a culmination of a student’s education, for in the study of rhetoric, grammar and
writing, the student is taught to draw upon his now substantial body of knowledge in the creation of confident, well-
reasoned and orderly arguments, expository essays, narratives, epistolary essays and poetry as well as all manner
of written and oral communication.
1
With these tools in hand, the student can then easily decipher the spurious
argument and counter with a clear, concise response. The student who has established strong convictions rooted
in a worthy education can now effectively communicate that knowledge and those convictions in such a way as to
persuade. With these skills, the student becomes a stronger citizen, able to argue on behalf of those ideals necessary
for a free and moral society.
Hillsdale Academy introduces a formal study of rhetoric in the Upper School. Beginning in the ninth grade
and ending in the junior year, the study of rhetoric is designed to train students in the rules, language and art of
communication. For Hillsdale Academy students, the foundations for the study of rhetoric have already been laid
in their general lower and middle school studies, particularly in the study of grammar, writing and vocabulary. In
addition to these foundations, each student has been expected to present at least two memorized recitations during
each academic year in order to strengthen his skills in memorization as well as his experience in public presentation
(see page 27). The Upper School study of rhetoric is, therefore, neither completely foreign nor is it entirely novel. It is
also not purely oral in its emphasis, but incorporates written argument as well. What is new to the Academy student
is the introduction of formal rules and types of communication central to the study of rhetoric.
1
Dorothy Sayers, “The Lost Tools of Learning,” reprinted in Douglas Wilson, Recovering the Lost Tools of Learning: An Approach to Distinctively
Christian Education. Wheaton, IL: Good News Publishers, 1991: 154, 161-162; Bauer, Susan Wise and Jessie Wise, The Well-Trained Mind. New York:
W.W. Norton and Company, 1999: 451-471.
93
Rhetoric • Grade 9
D
ESCRIPTION: The study of rhetoric in the ninth grade serves as the first, formal introduction to the rules,
language and history of rhetoric. Students read Aristotle’s Art of Rhetoric and are expected to give oral
presentations and complete written assignments based on their reading.
METHOD: In this first year, assignments should be closely directed with teacher-assigned topics for all presentations.
The class meets daily.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Aristotle. Art of Rhetoric. Translated by Hugh Lawson-Tancred. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Corbett, E. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Bizzell, B. and B. Herzberg. The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. New York: Bedford
Books, 1990.
Kennedy, George A. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times, 2nd ed.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Lanham, Richard A. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
Weston, Anthony. A Rulebook for Arguments, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1992.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1 Corbett, pp. 20-27, 29-31 Introduction
2 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 1 Argument and emotion
Corbett, pp. 4-19
3 - 4 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 2 Modes of persuasion
Corbett, pp. 28-29
5 - 6 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 3 Kinds of rhetoric
7 - 8 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 4-8 (selections) Political oratory
9 - 1
0 Extensive writing assignment
1
11 - 12 Student presentations
94
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1 - 2 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 9 Speaking of virtue
3 - 6 Aristotle, Bk. I, chap. 10-15 (selections) Forensic oratory
7 - 8 Aristotle, Bk. II, chap. 1 What the orator must do
9 - 10 Extensive oratory assignment
2
11 - 12 Student presentations
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1 – 2 Aristotle, Bk. II, chap. 2-17 (selections) Emotions, human character and fortune
3 – 6
Aristotle, Bk. II, chap. 20-26; Bk. III, chap. 1-18 (selections) Modes and style
7 – 8 Aristotle, Bk. III, chap. 19 Conclusions
9 – 10 Final assignment
3
11 – 12 Final presentation
1
Each student must prepare an essay describing, with modern examples, one of the three kinds of rhetoric. They must then present their essays in class.
2
Each student must prepare and present an oration on the topic, “The Character of the Orator.”
3
Each student must prepare either a written or an oral presentation defining a particular mode or style of rhetoric.
95
Rhetoric • Grade 10
D
ESCRIPTION: The study of rhetoric in the tenth grade is the most intense of the three years of study in
this discipline. It serves to strengthen as well as add to the skills learned in the previous year of study by
focusing on the style and modes of communication. The tenth grade studies include reading assignments,
orations and written assignments, all of which are contiguous with the history and literature studied in the
Academy’s Humane Letters curriculum.
METHOD: In this second year, the teacher should begin to allow greater creativity and flexibility for the student in his
choice of topics. The class meets daily.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Bizzell, P. and B. Herzberg, eds. The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. New York:
Bedford Books, 1990.
Corbett, E. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Strunk, William Jr. and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1979.
Weston, Anthony. A Rulebook for Arguments, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1992.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Kennedy, George A. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times, 2nd ed.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Lanham, Richard A. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Strunk and White, pp. 1-14 Rules of usage
5-8 Strunk and White, pp. 15-33 Composition
9-10 Strunk and White, pp. 34-38, 66-86 Form and style
11-12 Extensive writing assignment
1
Form and style, continued
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Corbett, pp. 3-31 Introduction to argument
Isocrates, Against the Sophists, in Bizzel, pp. 43-49
96
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
3-4 Corbett, pp. 32-142 Argument
Weston, pp. 1-27
5-6 Corbett, pp. 143-150 Argument, continued
Selections from Socrates, Apology, in Corbett, pp. 233-249
Weston, pp. 28-59
7-8 Selections from Cicero, Of Oratory, in Bizzel, pp. 200-232 Argument, continued
9-10 Corbett, pp. 278-316 Arrangement of material
11-12 Oral and/or written presentations
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Corbett, pp. 380-403 Precision: grammar, diction and
Weston, pp. 60-79 composition
5-8 Corbett, pp. 404-423 Style
Selections from Erasmus, Copia: Foundations of
the Abundant Style, in Bizzel, pp. 502-556
9-1
1 Presentations of final oral and/or written assignment
1
Assignments in this year of study should focus on further orientation with style, grammar, forms of argument and precision of thought.
97
Rhetoric • Grade 11
D
ESCRIPTION: The first trimester of the eleventh grade will serve as an introduction to the study and writing
of poetry. The remainder of the year is spent mastering rhetoric and oral argumentation.
METHOD: This final year of study in rhetoric provides the student greater freedom in choosing topics and
introduces him more fully to the nuances of poetic expression and formal debate. The class meets daily.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Phillips, Leslie. Basic Debate, 4th ed. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook, 1997.
Strachan, John and Richard Terry. Poetry: An Introduction. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 2001.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Altenberd, L. and Leslie L. Lewis. A Handbook for the Study of Poetry. New York: Macmillan, 1966.
Davie, Donald. The New Oxford Book of Christian Verse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Hill, Bill. The Art and Practice of Argumentation and Debate. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing, 1997.
Kilby, Clyde. Poetry and Life: An Introduction to Poetry. New York: Odyssey Press, 1953.
Strunk, William Jr. and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1979.
Weston, Anthony. A Rulebook for Arguments, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1992.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Strachan, pp. 1-23 Introduction to poetry
3-4 Strachan, pp. 24-74 Shape and sound
5-6 Strachan, pp. 75-114 Metre and rhythm
7-8 Strachan, pp. 115-141 Comparisons and associations
9-10 Strachan, pp. 142-166 Words/language
11-12 Student presentations
1
98
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-2 Phillips, pp. 3-10 Democracy and debate
3-6 Phillips, pp. 11-48 Analysis and research
7-8 Phillips, pp. 49-68 Logic and reasoning
9-10 Phillips, pp. 69-118 Argumentation
11-12 Student assignments and presentations
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK MATERIAL TOPIC
1-4 Phillips, pp. 119-190 Argumentation, continued
5-8 Phillips, pp. 257-264 Parliamentary procedure
9-10 Formal debates
11-12 Final assignments/presentations
1
Written and oral assignments in this year should focus on developing the student’s confidence in expressing ideas in poetics and argumentation.
99
Science Overview
A
four-year science curriculum is of significant importance to classical education. A thorough study of the
hard sciences, based on conceptual understanding and experimentation, endows a student with necessary
logic and reasoning skills. Further, such a science curriculum allows a student to question with greater
confidence; he possesses a firm foundation from which meaningful questions arise.
Scientific study at Hillsdale Academy begins with biology in the ninth grade, followed by physics in the tenth and
chemistry in the eleventh. Twelfth graders choose between advanced biology and astronomy/advanced physics.
This sequence of courses is designed so that each year simultaneously builds upon the previous years and prepares
for future years. In biology, familiar examples are used to introduce concepts important to life. Physics students
examine the concrete and recognizable phenomena of mechanics, gravity, heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetism,
atoms and nuclei. Chemistry students explore the interactions and relationships between atoms and molecules that
account for chemical changes. The advanced biology course emphasizes the structures and functions of biological
molecules in various levels of organisms, and in the astronomy/advanced physics course, students deepen their
understanding of matter within and outside of Earth. Throughout all the courses, laboratory proficiency is fostered,
allowing students to collate diverse concepts in a practical lab setting.
Hillsdale Academy’s science sequence differs from that of most secondary schools by offering physics as a tenth
grade course rather than as a twelfth grade course. Because physics is, at its foundation, the most basic science, it
provides the concepts that allow greater accessibility to chemistry and biology. One must understand the concept of
atoms before approaching the periodic table, molecular structure, chemical bonds and gas laws. Further, the topics
of an advanced biology course--such as cellular mechanics, development and genetics--become illuminated only with
a working foundation of physical and chemical interactions. Thus, the student begins with concrete phenomena, fully
accessible to a young student, and then moves to conceptual explanation and analysis.
1
1
See “Revolution in Science Education: Put Physics First!” by Leon Lederman, in Physics Today, Vol. 54, No. 9. Melville, NY: American Institute of
Physics, September 2001, pp. 11-12 (www.aip.org). Also see discussions of this article in the Physics Today’s “Letters” section in the following two
issues: Feb. 2002, Vol. 55, No. 2, p. 12; March 2002, Vol. 55, No. 3, p. 12.
101
Biology • Grade 9
D
ESCRIPTION: Building upon the foundational physical science curriculum of the seventh and eighth grade
years, the study of biology in the ninth grade is far-reaching. All levels of biology are covered, beginning
with ecosystems and ecology, cells and genetics and culminating with organismal diversity and plant and
animal form and function.
METHOD: Students are asked to understand and apply the scientific method through experimentation. Critical reading of
the textbook and related materials is required and is essential to this and future scientific study. Students are encouraged,
through class discussion, writing assignments and labs, to integrate varied concepts covered throughout the year.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Miller, Kenneth R. and J. Levine. Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Alberts, B., et al. Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland
Publishing, 1998.
Dickey, T. Laboratory Investigations. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2003.
Morgan, J.G. and M.E.B. Carter. Investigating Biology. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2002.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READING
1 Chapter 1: Introduction to biology
2 Chapter 2: The chemistry of life
3 Chapter 3: The biosphere
4 Chapter 4: Ecosystems and communities
5 Chapter 5: Populations
6 Chapter 7: Cell structure and function
7 Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
8-9 Chapter 9: Cellular respiration
10 Chapter 10: Cell growth and division
11-12 Chapter 11: Genetics
102
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READING
1 Chapter 12: DNA and RNA
2 Chapter 13: Genetic engineering
3 Chapter 14: The human genome
4 Chapter 15 and 16: Darwin’s theory of evolution; Evolution of populations
5 Chapter 17: The history of life
6 Chapter 18: Classification
7 Chapter 19: Bacteria and viruses
8 Chapter 20: Protists
9 Chapter 21: Fungi
10 Chapter 26: Invertebrates: sponges and cnidarians
11 Chapter 27: Invertebrates: worms and mollusks
12 Chapter 28 and 29: Invertebrates: arthropods and echinoderms
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READING
1 Chapter 30: Chordates: nonvertebrate chordates, fish and amphibians
2 Chapter 31: Chordates: reptiles and birds
3 Chapter 32: Chordates: mammals
4 Chapter 33: Comparing chordates
5
Chapter 35: Nervous system
6 Chapter 36: Skeletal, muscular and integumentary systems
7 Chapter 37: Circulatory and respiratory systems
8 Chapter 38 and 39: Digestive, excretory, endocrine and respiratory systems
9 Chapter 40: Immune system and disease
10-11 Chapter 22 and 24: Plant diversity and adaptations
12 Chapter 23: Roots, stems and leaves
103
Physics • Grade 10
D
ESCRIPTION: This course covers the major concepts, principles, methods and developments of physics,
especially classical physics but also including modern physics. It develops essential skills, including
comprehending the text, applying mathematical methods to scientific concepts, applying knowledge
to problem sets and tests, demonstrating proficiency in laboratory investigations and in the use of the
calculator-based laboratories, writing clear and well-organized laboratory reports with independent analysis and
interpretation of experiments, understanding the scientific method, working cooperatively with others, thinking
critically about the concepts and formulating questions and relating physics to situations encountered in life. It also
intends that students acquire an appreciation of physics from aesthetic, philosophical and historical perspectives.
METHOD: Concepts and principles of physics are discussed in class lectures. As a general practice and whenever
possible, the teacher conducts classroom demonstrations for each new concept and principle. Students are then
assigned regular laboratory exercises that illustrate the concepts and teach laboratory methods and the scientific
method. Textbook readings (or handouts from the supplementary text mentioned below) and homework based upon
the readings are assigned in each class unless a laboratory write-up is assigned instead. The homework assignments
take the form of questions, which require reflection and explanation, and problems, which involve analysis of
situations, application of concepts learned and mathematical calculations. Homework questions and problems are
always discussed in the following day’s class.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Hewitt, Paul G. Conceptual Physics, 3rd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXT:
Hickman, Jennifer Bond. Problem-Solving Exercises in Physics. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
BACKGROUND TEXT RECOMMENDATIONS:
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics, Principles with Applications. Any edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zitzewitz, Paul, et al. Merrill Physics, Principles and Problems. Westerville, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1995.
POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR LABORATORY EXERCISES AND DEMONSTRATIONS:
For those who can acquire the software and equipment necessary to do calculator-based laboratories:
Gastineau, John, et al. Physics with CBL. Portland, OR: Vernier Software.
For those with limited budgets, there are many books which describe experiments that can be done with ordinary
household materials, such as:
Robinson, Paul. Laboratory Manual to Accompany Conceptual Physics, 8th ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1998.
104
POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR LABORATORY EXERCISES AND DEMONSTRATIONS CONTINUED:
Edge, R.D. String and Sticky Tape Experiments. College Park, MD: American Association of Physics Teachers, 1981.
(phone 301-209-3300)
Freier, G.D. and F.J. Anderson. A Demonstration Handbook for Physics. College Park, MD: American Association of
Physics Teachers, 1981. (phone 301-209-3300)
Goodwin, Peter. Practical Physics Labs, A Resource Manual. Portland, ME: J. Weston Walch, 1990.
Kardos, Thomas. 75 Easy Physics Demonstrations. Portland, ME: J. Weston Walch, 1996.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK READING and TOPIC
1 Chapter 1: Physics as the most basic science; Mathematics as the language of physics;
The scientific method; Scientific hypotheses
Chapter 2: Linear motion
Relativity of motion; Speed; Velocity; Acceleration; Free fall; Graphs of motion; Air resistance
2 Chapter 3: Projectile motion
Vector and scalar quantities; Velocity vectors, Components of vectors; Projectile motion
3 Chapter 4: Newton’s first law of motion–inertia
Aristotle, Copernicus and Galileo on motion; Newton’s law of inertia; Mass as the measure of inertia; Net force;
Equilibrium when net force equals zero; Vector addition of forces; The moving earth
4 Chapter 5: Newton’s second law of motion—force and acceleration
Force as cause of acceleration; Mass as resistance to acceleration; Newton’s second law; Friction; Pressure;
Explanation of free fall; Falling and air resistance
5 Chapter 6: Newton’s third law of motion—action and reaction
Forces and interactions; Newton’s third law; Identifying action and reaction; Action and reaction on different
masses; Whether action and reaction forces cancel; The horse-cart problem; Equality of action and reaction
6 Chapter 7: Momentum
Impulse as the cause of changes in momentum; Bouncing; Conservation of momentum; Collisions; Momentum
vectors
7 Chapter 8: Energy
Work; Power; Mechanical energy; Potential energy; Kinetic energy; Conservation of energy; Machines; Efficiency
8 Chapter 9: Circular motion
Rotation and revolution; Rotational speed; Centripetal force; Centripetal and centrifugal forces; Centrifugal force
in a rotating frame of reference; Simulated gravity
9 Chapter 10: Center of gravity and mass
Center of gravity; Center of mass; Locating center of gravity; Toppling; Stability
10 Chapter 11: Rotational mechanics
Torque; Balanced torques; Torque and center of gravity; Rotational inertia; Angular momentum; Conservation of
angular momentum
11 Chapter 12: Universal gravitation
The falling apple; The falling moon; The falling earth; Newton’s law of universal gravitation; Gravity and
distance—the inverse square law; Universal gravitation
12 Chapter 13: Gravitational interactions
Gravitational fields; Gravitational field inside a planet; Weight and weightlessness; Ocean tides; Tides in the
earth and atmosphere; Black holes
105
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK READING and TOPIC
1 Chapter 14: Satellite motion
Earth satellites; Circular orbits; Elliptical orbits; Energy conservation and satellite motion; Escape speed
2 Chapter 15: Special relativity—space and time
Relativity of motion; Constancy of speed of light; The first postulate of special relativity; The second postulate of
special relativity; Time dilation; The twin trip; Space and time travel
3 Chapter 16: Special relativity—length, momentum, and energy
Length contraction; Relativistic momentum and inertia; Equivalence of mass and energy; Kinetic energy; The
correspondence principle
4 Chapter 17: Atomic nature of matter
Elements; Molecules; The nucleus; Electrons; Phases of matter
Chapter 18: Solids
Density; Elasticity; Compression and tension; Scaling
5 Chapter 19: Liquids
Pressure; Buoyancy; Archimedes’ principle; Floatation; Pascal’s principle
Chapter 20: Gases
Atmospheric pressure; The barometer; Boyle’s law; Buoyancy of air; Bernoulli’s principle and its applications
6 Chapter 21: Temperature, heat and expansion
Thermal equilibrium; Internal energy; Measurement of heat; Specific heat capacity; Heat capacity of water;
Thermal expansion; Expansion of water
7 Chapter 22: Heat transfer
Conduction; Convection; Radiation; Absorption and emission of radiant energy; Newton’s law of cooling; Global
warming and the greenhouse effect
Chapter 23: Change of phase
Evaporation; Condensation; Evaporation and condensation rates; Boiling; Freezing; Regelation; Energy and
changes of phase
8 Chapter 24: Thermodynamics
Absolute zero; First law of thermodynamics; Adiabatic processes; Second law of thermodynamics; Heat engines
and the second law; Order tending to disorder; Entropy
9 Chapter 25: Vibrations and waves
Vibration of a pendulum; Wave description, motion and speed; Transverse and longitudinal waves; Interference;
Standing waves; The Doppler effect; Bow waves; Shock waves
10 Chapter 26: Sound
The origin of sound; Sound in air; Media that transmit sound; Speed of sound; Loudness; Forced vibration;
Natural frequency; Resonance; Interference; Beats
11 Chapter 27: Light
Early concepts of light; The speed of light; Electromagnetic waves; Light and transparent materials; Opaque
materials; Shadows; Polarization
12 Chapter 28: Color
The color spectrum; Color by reflection; Color by transmission; Sunlight; Mixing colored light; Complementary
colors; Mixing colored pigments; Why the sky is blue; Why sunsets are red; Why water is greenish blue; Atomic
spectra
106
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1 Chapter 29: Reflection and refraction
The law of reflection; Mirrors; Diffuse reflection; Reflection of sound; Refraction of sound and light; Atmospheric
refraction; Dispersion in a prism; The rainbow: total internal reflection
2 Chapter 30: Lenses
Converging and diverging lenses; Image formation by a lens; Constructing images through ray diagrams;
Common optical instruments; The eye; Defects in vision; Defects in lenses
3 Chapter 31: Diffraction and interference
Huygens’ principle; Young’s interference experiment; Single-color interference from thin films; Iridescence from
thin films; Laser light; The hologram
4 Chapter 32: Electrostatics
Electrical forces and charges; Conservation of charge; Coulomb’s law; Conductors and insulators; Charging by
friction and contact; Charging by induction; Charge polarization
5 Chapter 33: Electric fields and potential
Electric field lines; Electric shielding; Electric potential energy; Electric potential; Electric energy storage;
The Van de Graaff generator
6 Chapter 34: Electric current
Flow of charge; Voltage sources; Electric resistance; Ohm’s law and electric shock; Direct current and alternating
current; Converting AC to DC; The speed of electrons in a circuit; The source of electrons in a circuit; Electric
power
7 Chapter 35: Electric circuits
Battery and bulb; Series circuits; Parallel circuits; Schematic diagrams; Combining resistors in a compound
circuit; Parallel circuits and overloading
8 Chapter 36: Magnetism
Magnetic poles; Magnetic fields; The nature of the magnetic field; Magnetic domains; Electric currents and
magnetic fields; Magnetic forces on moving charged particles; Magnetic forces on current-carrying wires; Meters
and motors; The earth’s magnetic field
9 Chapter 37: Electromagnetic induction
Faraday’s law; Generators and alternating current; Comparison of the motor and the generator; Transformers;
Power transmission; Induction of electric and magnetic fields; Electromagnetic waves
10 Chapter 38: The atom and the quantum
Models; Light quanta; The photoelectric effect; Waves as particles; Particles as waves; Electron waves; Relative
sizes of atoms; Quantum physics; Predictability and chaos
11 Chapter 39: The atomic nucleus and radioactivity
Radioactive decay; Radiation penetrating power; Radioactive isotopes; Radioactive half-life; Natural
transmutation of elements; Artificial transmutation of elements; Carbon dating; Uranium dating; Radioactive
tracers
12 Chapter 40: Nuclear fission and fusion
The nuclear fission reactor; Plutonium; The breeder reactor; The mass-energy equivalence; Controlling nuclear
fusion
107
Chemistry • Grade 11
D
ESCRIPTION: The purpose of the eleventh grade chemistry course is to understand the nature of matter,
the changes matter undergoes and the factors important in those changes. Initially, emphasis is placed
on reaction predictions, equation writing and stoichiometry. The study of atomic and molecular structure
leads to further understanding of chemical reactions. The year culminates with studies of reaction rates,
kinetics, thermodynamics and organic chemistry—topics essential to the application of chemistry.
METHOD: Textbook reading, class notes, laboratories and laboratory reports, homework assignments, quizzes and
tests are important contributors to subject understanding. The scientific method is continually stressed, particularly
in laboratories where students have the opportunity to further apply concepts learned in lecture and readings.
Throughout the chemistry course, students formulate a broad-based understanding of chemical foundations and
accumulate extensive laboratory experience.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
Zumdahl, Steven S. Chemistry, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.
Zumdahl, Steven S. Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 3rd ed. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1996.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Herr, N. and J. Cunningham. Hands-on Chemistry Activities. Indiananpolis, IN: Jossey-Bass, 2002.
Mattson, B.M. Anderson and C. Schwennsen. Chemistry of Gases. Batavia, IL: Flinn Scientific, 2001.
Orna, M.V., J.O. Schreck and H. Heikkinen. The SourceBook. ChemSource, 1994. (This resource can be ordered online
through the American Chemical Society at http://store.acs.org/cgi-bin/acsonline.storefront).
Vonderbrink, S.A. Laboratory Experiments for Advanced Placement Chemistry. Batavia, IL: Flinn Scientific, 1995.
1ST TRIMESTER
(Unless otherwise noted, chapters refer to Zumdahl, Introductory Chemistry)
WEEK TOPIC
1 Chapter 1: Measurements and calculations
2 Chapter 2: Matter
3 Chapter 3: Energy
4 Chapter 4: Elements
5-6 Chapter 5: Nomenclature
7 Chapter 6: Chemical reactions
108
WEEK TOPIC
8 Chapter 7: Reactions in aqueous solution
9 Chapter 8: Classifying chemical reactions
10-11 Chapter 9 and 10: Stoichiometry
12 Chapter 11: Atomic theory
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1-3 Chapter 12: Chemical bonding
4 Extensive laboratory study
1
5-6 Chapter 13: Gases
7-8 Chapter 14: Liquids and solids
9-12 Chapter 15: Solutions
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC
1-2 Chapter 16: Equilibrium
3-4 Chapter 17: Acids and bases
5-6 Chapter 18: Oxidation-reduction
7 Electrochemistry (Chapter 17 in Zumdahl, Chemistry)
8-9
Thermodynamics (Chapter 16 in Zumdahl, Chemistry)
1
0-12 Chapter 20 and 21: Organic chemistry
1
During this week, students spend all class time and all homework time on an extended chemical lab. Class time is spent on reactions, and homework is
devoted to reaction equations and calculations. Students also must write a detailed lab report upon conclusion of the experiments. The lab varies from
year to year. The following suggestions are adapted from Flinn Scientific: 1) “Reactions, Predictions and Net Ionic Equations” and 2)Sequence of Chemical
Reactions.Students are required to predict products of reactions and write equations before performing the experiments. Students start with copper,
conduct a series of chemical reactions (about 10) and end with copper. The goal is to recover the same amount of copper with which they began.
109
Advanced Biology • Grade 12
D
ESCRIPTION: Advanced biology, one of two fourth-year Upper School science options, takes advantage of the
maturity of the students and delves into the complexities of living organisms. In particular, the molecular
basis of life is emphasized. Study begins with an organic chemistry review, which naturally leads to the
topics of biochemistry, the molecular components of cells and the molecular basis of genetic inheritance.
Equipped with a solid foundation in physics and chemistry, students are well prepared to grasp these more advanced,
but vital, principles of biology. The final trimester of the course is spent revisiting areas of biology introduced in the
ninth grade: evolution, organismal diversity and the structure and function of plants and animals. Students find they
approach these familiar topics with a deeper understanding and are able to explore them more extensively.
METHOD: Reading assignments, class notes, laboratories and laboratory reports, homework, quizzes and tests all
contribute to subject understanding. Emphasis is placed on essay writing, both through homework and exams.
Extensive laboratory work parallels all areas of study. In addition, students have the option of preparing for and
taking the Advanced Placement exam in biology.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Campbell, N.A., J.B. Reece and L.G. Mitchell. Biology, 5th ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 1999.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS:
Alberts, B., et al. Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland
Publishing, 1998.
Dickey, T. Laboratory Investigations, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2003.
Morgan, J.G. and M.E.B. Carter. Investigating Biology. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2002.
Zumdahl, Steven S. Chemistry, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997.
1ST TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
1 Chapter 1: Themes in biology
Library research
2 Chapter 2: Chemistry review
3 Chapter 3: The chemistry of water
4 Chapter 4: Organic chemistry
5 Chapter 5: Macromolecules
6 Chapter 6: Metabolism
110
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
7 Chapter 7: Cell organelles
8 Chapter 8: Cell membrane structure and function
9 Chapter 9: Cellular respiration
10 Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
11 Chapter 11: Cell communication
12 Chapter 12: Cell cycle
2ND TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
1 Chapter 13: Meiosis
2 Chapter 14: Mendelian genetics
3-4 Chapter 15: Chromosomal basis of inheritance
5 Chapter 16: Molecular basis of inheritance
6-7 Chapter 17: Protein synthesis
8-9 Chapter 18: Microbial genetics: viruses and bacteria
10 Chapter 19: Organization and control of eukaryotic genomes
11 Chapter 20: DNA technology
12 Chapter 21: Genetic basis of development
3RD TRIMESTER
WEEK TOPIC and READINGS
1 Chapter 22: Darwinian evolution
2 Chapter 23: Evolution of populations
3 Chapter 24: Speciation
4 Chapter 25: Phylogeny
5 Chapter 27: Prokaryotes
6 Chapter 28: Eukaryotic diversity
7 Chapter 31: Fungi
8 Chapter 29 and 30: Plant diversity
9 Chapter 32, 33 and 34: Animal diversity
10-12 Independent study and experimentation
111
Astronomy/Advanced Physics • Grade 12
H
illsdale Academy offers a course in astronomy and advanced physics as an elective alternative to the
advanced biology course in twelfth grade. This elective covers astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology
and presents the basic principles of physics which are especially pertinent to these subjects at a more
advanced level than is achieved in tenth grade physics.
The course begins with a general overview of astronomy, including the sky and its apparent motion and the
cycles of the sun and moon. It covers the origin of modern astronomy, the Copernican Revolution, Kepler’s laws of
planetary motion, the mechanics of Galileo and Newton, and progresses to Einstein’s theories of relativity. It treats
light, telescopes, starlight, atoms, the interaction of light and matter, stellar spectra, nuclear fusion in the sun, the
properties of stars, the interstellar medium, the formation of stars, stellar evolution, the death of stars, neutron
stars and black holes. Turning to the larger universe, the course studies the origin, evolution and types of galaxies,
including quasars. Finally, the course explores modern cosmology: the structure, origin, evolution and fate of the
universe, referring to the Big Bang theory; the cosmic background radiation, dark matter and energy, and current
theories and observations on the age; accelerating expansion; and curvature of the universe. In addition, students
make evening telescope observations of celestial objects on several occasions throughout the year.
The classroom studies use a basic astronomy text, listed below, with daily reading and homework exercises.
Studies are supplemented with readings and exercises from an advanced physics text. Three physics texts are listed.
For students who have not reached the study of calculus, either of the non-calculus-based texts, or their equivalent,
may be used. The calculus-based text, or its equivalent, can be attempted for students who have already studied, or
are concurrently studying, a course in calculus (as is the case for students at Hillsdale Academy). Simultaneous study
of calculus and calculus-based physics serves as reinforcement for both.
THE FOLLOWING RESOURCES ARE RECOMMENDED:
BASIC TEXT FOR ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY:
Seeds, Michael A. Foundations of Astronomy, 7th ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning, 2003.
NON-CALCULUS-BASED ADVANCED TEXTS FOR PHYSICS:
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics, Principles With Applications. Any edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sears, Francis W., Mark W. Zemansky and Hugh D. Young. College Physics. Any edition. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-
Wesley.
CALCULUS-BASED ADVANCED TEXT FOR PHYSICS:
Hecht, Eugene. Physics: Calculus, 2nd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning, 2000.
113
Computer Skills Overview
A
t Hillsdale Academy, technology is viewed as a tool to assist in the pursuit of traditional academic
disciplines rather than as a driving force in the curriculum. Accordingly, students are trained to develop
math skills, reading skills, research skills and other educational habits separate from a dependence
on computers. A one-hour required course in basic computer skills during the student’s freshman or
sophomore year emphasizes word processing and introduces the student to research techniques.
1
Further use of
computers in the Upper School occurs only as it is deemed necessary by individual teachers.
1
A professional typist, familiar with available word processing software, should teach the course.
115
Elective Languages
T
he Hillsdale Academy Upper School offers two modern language electives: French and Spanish. Both
languages are pertinent to the study of the English language, to the study of European and American history,
as well as to the study of Western literature. French is offered because of its tremendous influence upon the
English vocabulary beginning with the Anglo-Norman period of English history. Since French served as the
lingua franca of the Western world for nearly three centuries, it also stands as one of the critical languages for the
study of Western literature, philosophy and political science. Spanish offers similar insight into the English vocabulary,
Latinate vocabulary and structures, as well as European history and literature.
1
Because French and Spanish were also
the languages of North American empires, the study of both allows a greater understanding of the histories of Europe
and colonial North America.
As with the study of Latin and English at Hillsdale Academy, these elective languages should be taught with the
primary goal of grasping the technical, grammatical details of the languages. Translation and practice of the spoken
language are to be taught with this primary goal in mind. The following resources are recommended.
FRENCH
Celestin, Julio. French Grammar. New York: Harper Perennial Library, 1991. (3rd year)
Kendris, Christopher. 501 French Verbs, 5th ed. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s Educational Series, 2003.
Morton, Jaqueline. English Grammar for Students of French, 5th ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Olivia and Hill Press, 2002.
SPANISH
Azoulay, Abigail and Arie Vicente. Spanish Grammar for Independent Learners, 2nd ed. Melbourne: VIC Languages,
1998.
Kendris, Christopher. 501 Spanish Verbs, 5th ed. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s Educational Series, 2003.
Prado, Marcial. Advanced Spanish Grammar: A Self-Teaching Guide, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley and Sons,
1997. (3rd year)
1
Spanish is recommended as the modern language of choice by J. Wise and S. Wise Bauer, The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at
Home. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1999: pp. 404, 528.
117
Music and Art Overview
A
classical education is rooted in the acquisition of languages. Not only should students be asked to
master modern and ancient languages of speech and literature as well as the languages of science and
mathematics, but they should also be taught the languages of music and art.
Throughout history, art and music have been instrumental in communicating the ideals of a culture
as well as universal themes such as beauty, good and evil. As with other modes of expression, both art and music
rely upon certain rules, conventions and vocabularies. Artists and composers use these in diverse ways to create
unique philosophical statements. Therefore, the study of the fine arts allows each student the opportunity to discern
the quality as well as the moral implications of the art and music he encounters and to develop the ability to create
as well as critique. The art course should include method, media and art history. Similarly, the music course should
include basic reading skills, introduction to composition, technique and music history. Both courses should lay the
foundation for a lifetime of further study and participation in the fine arts.
At Hillsdale Academy, all freshmen and sophomores are required to take graded courses in both art and music.
Juniors and seniors are offered art and music courses as electives. A school choir and orchestra are formed annually.
By offering upper-level electives, students are encouraged to develop a more complex understanding of how ideas
are expressed via these media, and in all grade levels, students are strongly encouraged to study in these fields apart
from the formal setting provided by the Academy. The following resources are recommended.
ART
Beckett, Sister Wendy. The Story of Painting: The Essential Guide to the History of Western Art. New York: Dorling
Kindersley, 1994.
Mancinelli, Fabrizio. The Sistine Chapel. London: Scala Books, 1984.
Strickland, Carol. The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History From the Prehistoric to the Postmodern.
Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1992.
MUSIC
Autexier, Philippe A. Beethoven: The Composer as Hero. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
Lomax, John A. and Alan Lomax. American Ballads and Folk Songs. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1994.
McLeish, Kenneth and Valerie McLeish. The Listener’s Guide to Classical Music: An Introduction to the Great Classical
Composers and Their Works. New York: G. K. Hall, 1992.
Prouty, Michel. Mozart: From Child Prodigy to Tragic Hero. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
Sandburg, Carl. The American Songbag. Ft. Washington, PA: Harvest Books, 1990.
Schnauber, Cornelius. Placido Domingo. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1997.
Traubner, Richard. Operetta: A Theatrical History. New York: Routledge, 2003.
Waugh, Alexander. Classical Music: A New Way of Listening. New York: MacMillan, 1995.
-----. Opera: A New Way of Listening. New York: Stewart, Tabori and Chang, 1996.
119
Physical Education Overview
P
hysical education is an important component of Hillsdale Academy’s classical education. It complements
the academic mission of the school, strives to enrich and develop sound character and contributes to the
development of a strong body and mind.
The program consists of two main areas of concentration: physical education courses and swimming
lessons. Hillsdale College students who have been accepted into the Teacher Education Program teach the Academy’s
physical education courses. Their work with Academy students takes place under the supervision of the Hillsdale College
athletic director and a College faculty member. Students in grades K-10 are required to receive physical education
instruction twice per week in addition to swimming instruction on Fridays. Student in eleventh and twelfth grades may
take P. E. as an elective. Physical education for grades K-12 is based upon the Michigan Exemplary P. E. Curriculum.
Students in grades K-6 participate in activities that promote the development of fundamental locomotor skills,
fundamental object-control skills, non-locomotor and body-control (movement) skills, rhythmical skills, health-
enhancing lifelong physical fitness, healthy levels of cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular
endurance, flexibility and healthy levels of body composition. Units covered include: soccer, fitness/dance, basketball,
racquet skills, volleyball, track and a variety of recreation and lifetime-activity skills.
Students in grades 7-12 participate in three trimesters of life-skill fitness-building activities, including sports
fundamentals, fitness units (e.g. aerobics, strength training and flexibility) and outdoor recreational activities.
Fitness testing for all grades is conducted both at the beginning and at the end of the academic year.
Swimming instruction is staffed by a certified swimming instructor and is assisted by Hillsdale College students.
The American Red Cross Swimming Program provides the structure for this class. Students move up to new levels of
difficulty as their individual abilities indicate. When the College is not in session, Academy students participate in field
games in place of swimming on Fridays. Field games include a variety of team sport activities.
In addition to the Academy’s physical education program, students in grades 6-12 can choose to participate in a
variety of competitive sports. The Hillsdale Academy athletic program strives to provide a variety of experiences to
enhance the development of healthy habits and attitudes that will prepare students for adult life in a democratic society.
Students in ninth and tenth grades who participate in a sport are not required to take P. E. during their athletic season.
THE FOLLOWING RESOURCES FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION ARE RECOMMENDED:
Darst, Paul W. and Robert Pangrazi. Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students, 4th ed. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, 2001.
Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum. Lansing, MI: Michigan Fitness Foundation, 2000.
Pangrazi, Robert. Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children, 14th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
2004.
Thompson, Alesha G., ed. The Sports Rules Book: Human Kinetics with Thomas Hanlon. Champaign, IL: Human
Kinetics Publishers, 1998.
121
Additional Reading List for Students
P
URPOSE: The works listed below have been selected in accordance with the Academy’s mission statement
and may be recommended to a student for independent or individual reading. They are not assigned as part
of the regular coursework or summer reading lists at Hillsdale Academy.
PLEASE NOTE: The editions used at the Academy are selected with reliability, availability, and cost in mind. In most
cases, other editions could easily be substituted with due care taken to avoid “revisions,” “adaptations” or tendentious
introductions and commentary. Instructors should not consider this a comprehensive list.
Out-of-print books can be located through a number of Web sites (e.g. www.addall.com, www.abebooks.com, www.
bookfinder.com, www.bibliofind.com, www.alibris.com, www.fetchbook.info, www.booklook.com, www.ebay.com).
à Kempis, Thomas. The Imitation of Christ. London: Penguin, 1952.
Adler, Mortimer J. and Charles van Doren. How to Read a Book. Carmichael, CA: Touchstone, 1972.
Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound/the Suppliants/Seven Against Thebes/the Persians. Translated by Philip Vellacott. New
York: Viking, 1961.
Aldred, Cyril. The Egyptians. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.
Allen, W.B., ed. George Washington: A Collection. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1988.
Athanasius. On the Incarnation. Translated and edited by Sister Penelope Lawson. New York: MacMillan, 1981.
Augustine. City of God. Translated by Henry Bettenson. New York: Penguin, 1984.
Aurelius, Marcus. The Emperor’s Handbook: A New Translation of The Meditations. Translated by David Hicks and
C. Scot Hicks. New York: Scribner, 2002.
Bennett, William J. The Book of Virtues. New York: Touchstone, 1996.
------. Our Sacred Honor: Words of Advice from the Founders in Stories, Letters, Poems and Speeches. New York: Simon
and Schuster, 1997.
Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention, May to September 1787.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966.
Bradley, Gerard V. A Student’s Guide to the Study of Law. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2004.
Bradford, M.E. Founding Fathers: Brief Lives of the Framers of the United States Constitution, 2nd ed. Lawrence:
University Press of Kansas, 1994.
Brookhiser, Richard, ed. Rules of Civility: The 110 Precepts That Guided Our First President in War and Peace.
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2003.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. Sonnets from the Portuguese: A Celebration of Love. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.
Cather, Willa. My Ántonia. New York: Mariner Books, 1995.
Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote. Translated by Edith Grossman. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.
Chesterton, Gilbert K. Orthodoxy. New York: Doubleday, 1990.
122
Cicero. The Republic and The Laws. Translated by Niall Rudd. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Columbus, Christopher. The Four Voyages. Translated and edited by J.M. Cohen. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Conrad, Joseph. Lord Jim. New York: Penguin, 1989.
Cook, Roy Jay, ed. One Hundred and One Famous Poems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.
Cooper, James Fenimore. The Last of the Mohicans. New York: Penguin, 1994.
Cuddon, J.A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Davies, W.V. Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995.
De-la-Noy, Michael. Scott of the Antarctic. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1997.
Dickens, Charles. David Copperfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Douglass, Frederick. Autobiographies. New York: Library of America, 1994.
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Complete Sherlock Holmes. New York: Gramercy, 2002.
Eliot, George. Silas Marner. New York: Bantam Books, 1981.
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man, 2nd ed. New York: Vintage, 1995.
Eusebius. The History of the Church. Translated by G.A. Williamson. New York: Penguin, 1990.
Frohnen, Bruce. The American Republic: Primary Sources. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2002.
Fry, T., ed. Benedict: The Rule of St. Benedict. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.
Greene, Graham. The Power and the Glory. New York: Penguin, 2003.
Gummere, Richard M. The American Colonial Mind and the Classical Tradition: Essays in Comparative Culture.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.
Harrison, G.B., ed. A Book of English Poetry. New York: Penguin, 1988. (out of print)
Henrie, Mark C. A Student’s Guide to the Core Curriculum. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
Heyne, Paul. A Student’s Guide to Economics. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
Hollingdale, Stuart. Makers of Mathematics. New York: Penguin, 1990.
Johnson, Paul. Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, revised ed. New York: Harper Perennial,
1992.
Josephus. The Jewish War. Translated by G.A. Williamson. New York: Viking Press, 1984.
Kipling, Rudyard. Something of Myself. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Kirk, Russell. Roots of American Order. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1974.
Kremer, Gary R., ed. George Washington Carver in His Own Words. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1991.
Lewis, C.S. The Abolition of Man. San Francisco, CA: Harper, 2001.
Lewis, Meriwether and William Clark. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. New York: Mentor, 1964.
Lukacs, John. A Student’s Guide to the Study of History. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
Mansfield, Harvey C. A Student’s Guide to Political Philosophy. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2001.
McClay, Wilfred M. A Student’s Guide to U. S. History. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
McDonald, Forrest. Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.
Melville, Herman. Billy Budd and Other Stories. New York: Penguin, 1989.
------. Moby Dick. New York: Penguin, 1994.
Murphy, Edward F. Heroes of WWII. New York: Ballantine, 1992.
Novak, Michael. On Two Wings: Humble Faith and Common Sense at the American Founding. San Francisco, CA:
Encounter Books, 2001.
Parkman, Francis. The Oregon Trail. New York: Signet Classic, 1978.
Pascal, Blaise. Pensées. New York: Penguin, 1995.
Plutarch. Nine Lives. Translated and edited by Ian-Scott Kilvert. New York: Viking Press, 1965.
Ravitch, Diane. The American Reader: Words That Moved a Nation. New York: Harper Collins, 2000.
Richard, Carl J. The Founders and the Classics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
-----. Twelve Greeks and Romans Who Changed the World. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.
Robinson, Daniel N. A Student’s Guide to Psychology. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2002.
Saggs, H.W.F. The Greatness That Was Babylon. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1988.
Schall, James V. A Student’s Guide to Liberal Learning. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
Simpson, William K. The Literature of Ancient Egypt. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972.
123
Sophocles. The Three Theban Plays. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 2000.
Sowell, Thomas. Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One, 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 2003.
Spalding, Matthew. The Founders’ Almanac. Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation, 2002.
Story, Joseph. A Familiar Exposition of the Constitution of the United States. Lake Bluff, IL: Regnery Gateway, 1986.
Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver’s Travels. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2001.
Thornton, Bruce S. A Student’s Guide to Classics. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2003.
Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. Translated by Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Tolkien, J.R.R. The Hobbit, annotated ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
------. The Lord of the Rings, 2nd ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1974.
Twain, Mark. Mississippi Writings: Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, Huckleberry Finn and Pudd’nhead Wilson.
New York: Library of America, 1982.
Undset, Sigrid. Kristin Lavransdatter. New York: Knopf, 1951.
Van Doren, Carl. Benjamin Franklin. New York: Viking Press, 1938.
Walker, C.B.F. Cuneiform. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996.
Werfel, Franz. The Song of Bernadette. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1970.
West, Thomas G. Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class and Justice in the Origins of America. Lanham, MD:
Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.
Wolfram, Gary. Towards a Free Society: An Introduction to Markets and the Political System, 3rd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill Primis Custom Publishing, 2000.
Xenophon. The Persian Expedition. Translated by Rex Warner. New York: Viking Press, 1970.
Young, R.V. A Student’s Guide to Literature. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2000.
125
Additional Titles and Internet Resources for Teachers
ADDITIONAL TITLES
Adamson, Lynda G. A Reference Guide to Historical Fiction for Children and Young Adults. New York: Greenwood, 1987.
(out of print)
Barzun, Jacques with Morris Philipson, ed. Begin Here: The Forgotten Conditions of Teaching and Learning. Chicago:
The University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Barzun, Jacques. Teacher in America. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Press, 1981.
Bauer, Jessie Wise and Susan Wise Bauer. The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at Home. New York:
W.W. Norton and Company, 1999.
Bauer, Susan Wise. The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had. New York: W.W.
Norton and Company, 2003.
Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
Bloom, Harold. The Western Canon: The Books and Schools of the Ages. New York: Riverhead Books, 1995.
Cowan, Louise and Os Guinness, eds. Invitation to the Classics. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1998.
Greer, Colin and Herbert Kohl, eds. A Call to Character: A Family Treasury. New York: Harper Collins, 1997.
Gregory, John Milton. The Seven Laws of Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1995.
Healy, Jane. Endangered Minds: Why Our Children Don’t Think and What We Can Do About It. New York: Touchstone,
1990.
Hicks, David V. Norms and Nobility: A Treatise on Education. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999.
Highet, Gilbert. The Art of Teaching. New York: Random House, 1989.
Hirsch, E.D. Jr. Cultural Literacy. New York: Random House, 1988.
Hymowitz, Kay S. Ready or Not: What Happens When We Treat Children As Small Adults. San Francisco: Encounter
Books, 2000.
Kett, Joseph F. and James S. Trefil, eds. The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 2nd ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993.
Kilpatrick, William. Why Johnny Can’t Tell Right from Wrong. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.
Kilpatrick, William and Gregory and Suzanne M. Wolfe. Books That Build Character: A Guide to Teaching Your Child
Moral Values Through Stories. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.
Kreeft, Peter. Back to Virtue: Traditional Moral Wisdom for Modern Moral Confusion. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press,
1992.
Pieper, Josef. Brief Reader on the Virtues of the Human Heart. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991.
Ravitch, Diane. The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Children Learn. New York: Knopf, 2003.
Ryan, Kevin and Karen E. Bohlin. Building Character in Schools: Practical Ways to Bring Moral Instruction to Life. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999.
Simmons, Tracy Lee. Climbing Parnassus: A New Apologia for Greek and Latin. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2002.
Sykes, Charles J. Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Can’t Read, Write,
or Add, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1996.
126
INTERNET RESOURCES
The following Web sites should first be used by teachers and then employed judiciously in the classroom. The habits
of mind requisite for careful reading and skilled writing will not be cultivated primarily on the Internet, no matter how
comprehensive or useful a Web site might be. Thus, it is the Academy’s philosophy to strictly limit student access to and
time spent on the Internet. The Web sites below are especially helpful because of their use of primary source documents.
Perseus Greek and Roman resources: Primary source documents
www.perseus.tufts.edu/cache/perscoll_Greco-Roman.html
The Founders’ Almanac: Timelines, essays and quotations on the Founding
www.heritage.org/almanac
A User’s Guide to the Declaration of Independence: Definitions of terms, historical context and political theory of the
Declaration
www.founding.com
The Founders’ Constitution: Thousands of primary source documents organized according to the Constitution (linked
to the five-volume series)
www.press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders
The Federalist Papers: Searchable collection
www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed.htm
United States Congressional documents and debates, 1774-1873
www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lawhome.html
Library of Congress
www.loc.gov
Rediscovering George Washington: Life and accomplishments of the first president
www.pbs.org/georgewashington
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln: Searchable database linked to Roy Basler’s edition of the collected works of
Abraham Lincoln (eight volumes)
www.hti.umich.edu/l/lincoln
127
List of Publishers
A.A. Knopf
(see Random House)
Addison Wesley Longman
Publishing Company, Inc.
www.aw-bc.com
(see also Pearson Education)
Allyn and Bacon
www.ablongman.com
(see also Pearson Education)
American Association of Physics
Teachers
1 Physics Eclipse
College Park, MD 20740
(301)209-0845
www.aap.org
Anchor Books
www.randomhouse.com/anchor
(see also Random House)
Andrews McMeel Publishing
(800)943-9839
www.amuniversal.com/amp
(see also Simon and Schuster)
Ayers Publishing
300 Bedford St., Ste. B-213
Manchester, NH 03101
(888)267-7323
Baker Book House
P. O. Box 6287
Grand Rapids, MI 49516
(800)877-2665
www.bakerbooks.com
Ballantine Books
(see Random House)
Bantam Books/Bantam Classics
(see Random House)
Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
250 Wireless Blvd.
Hauppauge, NY 11788
(800)645-3476
www.barronseduc.com
Basic Books
www.basicbooks.com
(see also Perseus Books Group)
Beacon Press
22 Beacon St.
Boston, MA 02108
(617)742-2110
www.beacon.org
Bedford Books
75 Arlington St.
Boston, MA 02116
(800)470-4767
www.bedfordstmartins.com
Belknap Press
(see Harvard University Press)
Benjamin Cummings
www.aw-bc.com
(see also Pearson Education)
Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.
1000 Brown St., Unit 101
Wauconda, IL 60084
(800)392-6453
www.bolchazy.com
Brooks/Cole–Thomson Learning
Customer Service
P. O. Box 6904
Florence, KY 41022-6904
(800)354-9706
www.brookscole.com
The Calvin Coolidge Memorial
Foundation, Inc.
P. O. Box 97
Plymouth, VT 05056
(802)672-3389
www.vmga.org/windsor/
calvincool.html
Cambridge University Press
100 Brook Hill Dr.
West Nyack, NY 10994-2133
(845)353-7500
www.uk.cambridge.org
Charles Scribner’s Sons
(see Thomson Gale)
www.galegroup.com/scribners
128
Columbia University
136 S. Broadway
Irvington, NY 10533
(800)944-8648
www.columbia.edu/cu/cup
D.C. Heath and Company
79 St. Martin’s Lane
London WC2N 4RE
020-7836-4271
Dorling Kindersley (DK) Publishing
375 Hudson St.
New York, NY 10014
(800)788-6262
www.dk.com
Doubleday
www.randomhouse.com/
doubleday
(see also Random House)
Dover Publications
Customer Care Department
31 E. 2nd St.
Mineola, NY 11501-3852
http://store.doverpublications.
com
Eerdmans Publishing
255 Jefferson Ave., SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
(800)253-7521
www.eerdmans.com
Encounter Books
665 3rd St., Ste. 330
San Francisco, CA 94107-1951
(800)786-3839
www.encounterbooks.com
E.P. Dutton Company
(see Penguin Group)
Everyman Paperbacks, J.M. Dent
(see Orion Publishing Group Ltd.)
Flinn Scientific
P. O. Box 219
Batavia, IL 60510
(800)452-1261
www.flinnsci.com
Garland Publishing
Customer Service
Garland Science/Taylor and
Francis
7625 Empire Dr.
Florence, KY 41042-2919
(800)634-7064
www.garlandscience.com
G.K. Hall
(see also Thomson Gale)
www.galegroup.com/gkhall
Good News/Crossway
1300 Crescent St.
Wheaton, IL 60187
(877) 872-2871
www.gnpcb.org
G.P. Putnam’s Sons
(see Penguin Group)
Gramercy Books
(see Random House)
Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
P. O. Box 44937
Indianapolis, IN 46244-0937
(317)635-9250
www.hackettpublishing.com
Harcourt Brace and Company
15 E. 26th St.
New York, NY 10010
(888)677-7357
www.harcourt.com
HarperCollins/Harper Perennial
10 E. 53rd St.
New York, NY 10022
(212)207-7000
www.harpercollins.com
Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
100 5th Ave.
New York, NY 10011
(212)206-7715
www.abrambrooks.com
Harvard University Press
Customer Service Department
79 Garden St.
Cambridge, MA 02138
(800)405-1619
www.hup.harvard.edu
Harvest Books
(see Harcourt Brace and
Company)
The Heritage Foundation
Publications Office
214 Massachusetts Ave., NE
Washington, D.C. 20002-4999
(800)544-4843
www.heritage.org
Houghton Mifflin Company
222 Berkeley St.
Boston, MA 02116-3764
(617)351-5000
www.hmco.com
Human Kinetics Publishing, Inc.
P. O. Box 5076
Champaign, IL 61825-5076
(800)747-4457
www.humankinetiks.com
Ignatius Press
P. O. Box 1339
Ft. Collins, CO 80522
(800)651-1531
www.ignatius.com
ISI Books
Chicago Distribution Center
11030 S. Langley Ave.
Chicago, IL 60628
(800)621-2736
www.isibooks.org
129
J.M. Dent
(see Orion Publishing Group Ltd.)
The Johns Hopkins University
Press
2715 N. Charles St.
Baltimore, MD 21218-4363
(800)537-5487
www.press.jhu.edu
John Wiley and Sons
(see Wiley)
Jossey-Bass
www.josseybass.com/wileyCDA
(see also Wiley)
J. Weston Walch Publisher
321 Valley St.
P. O. Box 658
Portland, ME 04104
(800)341-6094
www.walch.com
Knopf
(see Random House)
Liberty Fund/Liberty Press/
Liberty Classics
Customer Service Dept. INET
8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Ste. 300
Indianapolis, IN 46250-1684
(800)955-8335
www.libertyfund.org
The Library of America
Order Department
14 E. 60th St.
New York, NY 10022-1006
(212)308-3360
www.loa.org
Little, Brown and Company
(see Time Warner Bookmark)
Longman
www.longman.com
(see also Pearson Education)
MacMillan
www.macmillan.com
(see also Pan Macmillan)
Mariner Books
www.houghtonmifflinbooks.
com/mariner
(see also Houghton Mifflin)
Mayfield Publishing Company
(see McGraw-Hill)
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
2 Penn Plaza
New York, NY 10121
(877)833-5524
www.mcgraw-hill.com
Mentor Books
43 Furze Rd.
Sandyford Industrial Estate
Dublin 18
01-295-2112
www.mentorbooks.ie
Michigan Fitness Foundation
P. O. Box 27187
Lansing, MI 48909
(800)434-8642
www.michiganfitness.org
The Modern Library
www.randomhouse.com/
modernlibrary
(see also Random House)
National Textbook Company
4255 W. Touhy Ave.
Lincolnwood, IL 60646-1975
(800)323-4900
New York University Press
838 Broadway, 3rd Floor
New York, NY 10003-4812
(800)996-6987
www.nyupress.org
Northeastern University Press
c/o CUP Services
P. O. Box 6525
Ithaca, NY 14851
(800)688-2877
www.nupress.neu.edu
Odyssey Press
(see Ayers Publishing)
Olivia and Hill Press
P. O. Box 7396
Ann Arbor, MI 48107-7396
(734)663-0235
www.oliviahill.com
Open Court Publishing Company
332 S. Michigan Ave., Ste. 1100
Chicago, IL 60604
(800)815-2280
www.opencourt.com
Orion Publishing Group Ltd.
Orion House
5 Upper St. Martin’s Ln.
London WC2H 9EA
020-7240-3444
www.orionbooks.co.uk
Oxford University Press
198 Madison Ave.
New York, NY 10016
(212)726-6000
www.oup.co.uk
Pan Macmillan
20 New Wharf Rd.
London
N1 9RR
44 (0) 20 7014 6000
www.panmacmillan.com
Pearson Education
1 Lake St.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
(800)922-0579
www.pearsoned.com
130
Penguin Group
405 Murray Hill Pkwy.
East Rutherford, NJ 07073
(800)788-6262
www.penguin.com
Penguin Putman
(see Penguin Group)
Perseus Books Group
Customer Service Department
5500 Central Ave.
Boulder, CO 80301
(800)386-5656
www.perseusbooksgroup.com
Pocket Books
(see Simon and Schuster)
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
A Simon and Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
(800)848-9500
www.prenhall.com
Princeton University Press
41 William St.
Princeton, NJ 08540-5237
(800)777-4726
www.pup.princeton.edu
Random House
1745 Broadway
New York, NY 10019
(800)733-3000
www.randomhouse.com
Regnery Gateway
A Division of Eagle Publishing
1 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20001
(888)219-4747
www.regnery.com/gateway/
gateway.html
Riverhead Books
(see Penguin Group)
Routledge Press
10650 Toebben Dr.
Independence, KY 41051
800-634-7064
www.routledge-ny.com
Rowman and Littlefield
Publishers, Inc.
15200 NBN Way
P. O. Box 191
Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214
(800)462-6420
www.rowmanlittlefield.com
Rutgers University Press
100 Joyce Kilmer Ave.
Piscataway, NJ 08854
(800)446-9323
www.rutgerspress.rutgers.edu
Sadlier-Oxford
William H. Sadlier, Inc.
Sadlier-Oxford Division
Customer Service
9 Pine St., 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10005-1002
(800)221-5175
www.sadlier-oxford.com
Saxon Publishers
2600 John Saxon Blvd.
Norman, OK 73071
(800)284-7019
www.saxonpub.com
Scala Books
350 Eagleview Blvd.
Exton, PA 19341
(610)363-3350
Scribner
(see Simon and Schuster)
Sidgwick and Jackson
www.panmacmillan.com/imprints/
sidgwickjackson.html
(see also Pan Macmillan)
Signet/Signet Classic
(see Penguin Group)
Simon and Schuster
100 Front St.
Riverside, NJ 08075
(800)323-7445
www.simonsays.com
Stewart, Tabori and Chang
115 W. 18th St., 5th Floor
New York, NY 10011
(212)519-1200
St. Martin’s Griffin
(see St. Martin’s Press)
St. Martin’s Press
VHPS Distribution Center
16365 James Madison Hwy.
Gorsonsville, VA 22942-8501
(888)330-8477
www.stmartins.com
Sutton Publishing, Ltd.
Phoenix Mill
Thrupp
Stroud GL5 2BU
United Kingdom
01453-731114
www.suttonpublishing.co.uk
Tan Books and Publishers
P. O. Box 424
Rockford, IL 61105
(800)437-5876
www.tanbooks.com
Tapestry
8 Jefferson St.
P. O. Box 1113
Acton, MA 01720-3101
(800)535-2007
www.tapestrypress.com
Thames and Hudson
www.thamesandhudsonusa.com
(see also W. W. Norton and
Company)
131
Thompson’s School Book
Depository
39 N.E. 24th St.
Oklahoma City, OK 73146-0160
(405)525-9458
Thomson Gale
P. O. Box 9187
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
(800)877-4253
www.galegroup.com
Time Warner Bookmark
1271 Avenue of the Americas, 9th
Floor
New York, NY 10020
(800)759-0190
www.twbookmark.com
Touchstone
(see Simon and Schuster)
The University of California Press
c/o California/Princeton
Fulfillment Services
1445 Lower Ferry Rd.
Ewing, NJ 08618
(800)777-4726
www.ucpress.edu
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago Distribution Center
Chicago, IL 60628
(800)621-2736
www.press.uchicago.edu
The University of Chicago School
Mathematics Project
5835 S. Kimbark Ave.
Chicago, IL 60637
(773)702-1130
www.everydaymath.uchicago.edu
University of Iowa Press
100 Kuhl House
Iowa City, IA 52242-1000
(800)621-2736
www.uiowa.edu/uiowapress
The University of Michigan Press
c/o Chicago Distribution Center
Chicago, IL 60628
(800)621-2736
www.press.umich.edu
University of Missouri Press
2910 LeMone Blvd.
Columbia, MO 65201
(800)828-1894
www.system.missouri.edu/
upress
University of New Mexico Press
3721 Spirit Dr., SE
Albuquerque, NM 87106-5631
(800)249-7737
www.unmpress.com
University of North Carolina Press
Teresa Shoffner, Customer Service
P. O. Box 2288
Chapel Hill, NC 27515-2288
(800)848-6224
www.uncpress.unc.edu
University Press of America
15200 NBN Way
P. O. Box 191
Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214
(800)462-6420
www.univpress.com
University Press of Kansas
2501 W. 15th St.
Lawrence, KS 66049-3005
(785)864-4155
www.kansaspress.ku.edu
University of Toronto Press Inc.
5201 Dufferin St.
Toronto, Ontario
M3H 5T8
416-667-7791
www.utpress.utoronto.ca
University of Virginia Press
P. O. Box 400318
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4318
(877)288-6400
www.upress.virginia.edu
Vernier Software and Technology
13979 S.W. Millikan Way
Beaverton, OR 97005-2886
(888)837-6437
www.vernier.com
VIC Languages
1400 Ash St.
Commerce, TX 75428
(903)886-1855
Viking Press
(see Penguin Group)
Vintage Books
www.randomhouse.com/vintage
(see also Random House)
Washington Square Press
(see also Simon and Schuster)
Wiley
Customer Care Center–Consumer
Accounts
10475 Crosspoint Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46256
(877)762-2974
www.wiley.com/WileyCDA
W.W. Norton and Co.
500 5th Ave.
New York, NY 10110
(800)233-4830
www.wwnorton.com
Yale University Press
P. O. Box 209040
New Haven, CT 06520-9040
(800)405-1619
www.yale.edu/yup
Zondervan Bible Publishers
5300 Patterson Rd., SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49530
(616)656-0925
www.zondervan.com