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leeandlow.com. Take a Picture of Me,
James VanDerZee!
BACKGROUND
James VanDerZee (Adapted from Afterword): In 1884,
John and Susan Elizabeth VanDerZee, the butler and
maid for President Ulysses S. Grant, left their posts in
his New York residence to start a family. They moved to
Lenox, Massachusetts, a sleepy, multicultural town that
became a vacation retreat for wealthy aristocrats in the
summer. A year after their rst child, Jennie, arrived,
James Augustus Joseph VanDerZee was born on June
29, 1886. The next year, their son Walter was born, and
three more children followed – Charles, Johnny (who
died at age six, when James was 10), and Mary.
James’s rst working camera was a four-by-ve-inch
box camera, operated on a stand. With supplies from
the local drugstore, he developed his own pictures
by following the directions that came with his rst
camera—the broken one. James was only a fth grader
when he became his school’s photographer. He was
also the unocial town photographer, and even took
portraits of vacationing aristocrats.
Eventually, James outgrew life in his small town.
In 1904, eighteen-year-old James and his brother
Walter decided to join their father, who was working
as a waiter at the Knickerbocker Trust in New York
City. James took on many jobs. He played the violin
and piano with the Fletcher Henderson and John
Wanamaker Orchestras. In 1911, James got a job as an
assistant photographer in a portrait studio in Newark,
New Jersey. The next year, he joined his sister Jennie
at the Toussaint Conservatory of Art and Music, where
James photographed her young students. James honed
his craft there until 1915, when he opened the Guarantee
Photo Studio at 109 West 135th Street in Harlem with his
new business partner, Gaynella Greenlee. Then James
and Gaynella moved to a better location – the renamed
G.G.G. Photo Studio at 272 Lenox Avenue. James and
Gaynella were married for more than fty years.
From 1915 through the 1980s, James took pictures of
families, churches, businesses, soldiers, professional
organizations, performers, athletes, religious leaders,
and more. Marcus Garvey’s “Back to Africa” movement,
the Universal Negro Improvement Association, hired
James as the organization’s ocial photographer.
But as cameras became smaller, cheaper, and easier to
use, James’s business declined. He went through hard
times—losing his home, his wife Gaynella, and even
the rights to his own photographs. Then, in 1978, he
married Donna Mussenden, and everything changed.
With his new wife’s encouragement and support, James
regained the rights to his work, returned to his career,
and started taking pictures again. At ninety years old,
James created portraits for many celebrities, including
Jean-Michel Basquiat, Lou Rawls, and Muhammad Ali.
He passed away in 1983 at the age of ninety-six.
James VanDerZee saw himself as an artist rst, then a
photographer. He was a master at transforming simple
photographs into elaborate works of art. The camera
was only one part of a complete set of tools he used to
create portraits. First came the special lighting, clothing,
backgrounds, and props. Second, James’s humor and
warmth helped his customers relax for the camera.
Finally, after the pictures were taken, James used a
couple of techniques to perfect the portraits in the
darkroom. He used an etching knife and a retouching
pencil to erase parts of images, such as wrinkles, or
draw in “corrections,” such as straight teeth.
During his lifetime, James VanDerZee created thousands
of portraits, took more than 75,000 photographs,
and created more than 125,000 plates, negatives,
transparencies, and prints. Each image shared an
extraordinary story about the people of Harlem, the
quiet beauty of their everyday lives, the grandeur of
their hopes and dreams, and, most of all, their inherent
dignity and pride.