REPUBLIC OF KENYA GUIDELINES FOR CHILD PROTECTION

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

GUIDELINES FOR CHILD PROTECTION

CASE MANAGEMENT AND REFERRAL

IN KENYA

2018

FOREWORD

A guideline determines the course of action and it aims at streamlining

particular processes according to defined procedures. Key child protection

stakeholders in Kenya have their roles and responsibilities clearly outline in the

National Framework of Child Protection System for Kenya. However it has

been observed that, there are challenges in accountability and quality of

services provided to children cases. The enforcement of accountability and

quality of service to children created the need for Case Management and

Referral Guidelines.

Children in Kenya form approximately 52% of the total population. They face

diverse challenges that require guided course of actions to safeguard their

rights and welfare. Some of these cases include orphan hood which has

affected 3.6 million children, disability which has a total of 349,089 children

and more than 1,500 children who get lost annually. It is also estimated that

3,000 children live and work on the streets. Child protection Information

Management System (CPIMS) data indicates that in the year 2017-2018,the

most rampant cases of child abuse included; Neglect(56,688),

Custody(18,958), Abandoned Children(4,921), Orphaned Children (3,076)

and Child Truancy(2,372).

These diverse situational cases need standardized and harmonized

approach to ensure the wellbeing of all children in Kenya. It is therefore

envisaged that the guidelines will be of assistance to service providers and

greatly improve service delivery to children.

The Ministry of Labour and Social Protection is committed to the full

implementation of these guidelines and will continue providing the necessary

support and guidance throughout the processes.

Amb. Ukur Yattani

Cabinet Secretary

Ministry of Labour and Social Protection

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The preparation and production of the Guidelines for child Protection Case

Management and Referral in Kenya, is as a result of the collaborative effort of

many individuals, government departments and civil society organizations

whose dedication and hard work is gratefully acknowledged.

Special thanks go to the officers from the Department of children’s services

led by Mr Noah Sanganyi the Director Children’s Services and Ms. Jacinta

Murgor Senior Assistant Director at the Department of Children’s Services

together with Strategic Interventions Section team.

Much appreciation goes to our partners among them line ministries, UNICEF,

Child line Kenya, Investing in Children and their Societies (ICS), CISP and Plan

International Kenya for their invaluable contribution in the development of

this document.

Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to the children of Kenya who actively

participated in the process. The guidelines will go a long way in strengthening

case management and referral of child protection cases in Kenya.

Noah. M.O Sanganyi, HSC

Director Children’s Services

Table of Contents

FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... iii

PREAMBLE ........................................................................................................................................... vii

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................. ix

GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................................ x

BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 1

HOW TO USE THE CASE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO CASE MANAGEMENT ...................................................... 2

Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Goal of Case Management ....................................................................................................... 3

Objectives of Case Management ............................................................................................ 3

Guiding Principles of Case Management and Referral ..................................................... 3

Benefits of Case Management ................................................................................................. 6

Users of Case Management and Referral Guidelines ......................................................... 6

Legal Framework Guiding Case Management in Kenya .................................................. 7

Children in Need of Care and Protection ............................................................................ 10

CHAPTER TWO: CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS ...................................................................... 13

2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Case management Process flow chart .................................................................... 14

2.3 Case management Process flow chart .................................................................... 16

2.3.1 Identification/Intake ..................................................................................................... 16

2.3.2 Assessment ....................................................................................................................... 17

2.3.3 Case Planning ................................................................................................................. 18

2.3.4. Implementation ............................................................................................................. 19

2.3.5. Case Follow Up And Review...................................................................................... 24

2.3.6. Case Closure .................................................................................................................. 26

CHAPTER THREE: REFERRAL AND FEEDBACK ............................................................................. 28

3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 28

3.2 Circumstances of referral .............................................................................................. 28

3.3 Benefits of an Effective Referral System .................................................................... 28

3.4 Feedback Mechanisms ................................................................................................. 28

3.5 Importance of an Effective Feedback Mechanism .............................................. 29

3.6 Documentation ................................................................................................................ 29

CHAPTER FOUR: COORDINATION OF CASE MANAGEMENT AND REFERRAL OF CHILD

PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................................... 32

4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 32

4.2 National Level ................................................................................................................... 32

4.3 County Level ..................................................................................................................... 33

4.4 Sub-County AAC .............................................................................................................. 33

4.6 Locational Level ............................................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER FIVE: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PLAYERS IN CASE MANAGEMENT

.............................................................................................................................................................. 36

5.1. The Department of Children’s Services ......................................................................... 36

5.2. The Health Sector ................................................................................................................. 37

5.3 The Education Sector ........................................................................................................... 38

5.4 National Police Service........................................................................................................ 40

5.5. Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) ................................................ 40

5.6 Witness Protection Agency ................................................................................................ 41

5.7 The Judiciary .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.8 The Probation and Aftercare Services ............................................................................ 42

5.9 The Civil Society Organizations (CSO) ............................................................................. 43

5.10 Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government ............................. 44

5.11 The Community ................................................................................................................... 44

5.12 The family/care givers ....................................................................................................... 45

5.13 Child ........................................................................................................................................ 45

CHAPTER SIX: CASE WORKERS SUPPORT .................................................................................... 47

6.1. Case Workers competence ......................................................................................... 47

6.2 Burnout in Case Workers ................................................................................................ 49

6.3 Safety of Case Worker .................................................................................................... 52

CHAPTER SEVEN: STANDARDS OF OPERATION IN CASE MANAGEMENT ........................... 55

Standard 1: Ethics and Values ................................................................................................. 55

Standard 2: Knowledge ............................................................................................................. 55

Standard 3: Qualifications and recruitment ........................................................................ 55

Standard 4: Organizational child protection policies ....................................................... 55

Standard 5: Quality service delivery ....................................................................................... 56

Standard 6: Accountability ....................................................................................................... 56

Standard 7: Respect for diversity ............................................................................................. 56

Standard 8: Case Planning, Implementation and Monitoring........................................ 56

Standard 9: Networking and Linkages .................................................................................. 57

Standard 10: Record Keeping and Management ............................................................ 57

Standard 11: Workload Sustainability ..................................................................................... 57

Standard 12: Professional Development and Competence .......................................... 57

CHAPTER EIGHT: CASE MANAGEMENT FORMS ........................................................................ 58

1. Case Record Sheet ............................................................................................................. 58

2. Case Referral Form .............................................................................................................. 63

3. National Child Assessment Form .................................................................................... 66

4. Case Plan Form ................................................................................................................... 82

6. After-Care Form ................................................................................................................... 99

7. Case Conferencing Report Form .................................................................................. 100

8. Case Closure Form ........................................................................................................... 104

9. Child Status Index Tool .................................................................................................... 106

10. Case Categories As Captured In The Child Protection Information

Management System (CPIMS) ............................................................................................... 111

11. Modes Of Intervention, Definition, Source And Indicators ............................... 122

12. Summary Sheet .............................................................................................................. 129

13. Other Legal Framework That Support Case Management And Referral

Guidelines .................................................................................................................................... 133

14. List Of Policies And Guidelines ................................................................................... 133

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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PREAMBLE

Governments and international organizations are increasingly turning to what

is referred to as a systems approach in order to establish and strengthen

comprehensive child protection efforts. As guided by the United Nations

Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the systems approach differs

from earlier child protection efforts, which have traditionally focused on single

issues, such as child trafficking, street children, child labour, emergencies,

institutionalization, and HIV/AIDS, among others. Although such efforts have

produced substantial benefits, this approach often results in a fragmented

child protection response. Establishing and strengthening a child protection

system requires special attention focus to legal and policy reforms,

institutional capacity development, planning, budgeting, monitoring and

information management.

Child protection is a multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary affair. Therefore,

matters of child protection are indeed complex and a function of many

actors. In order to address the multiple causes and protect all children from

abuse, neglect and exploitation there is need to ensure government

leadership both at national and county levels.

For a child protection system to be effective and functional, it requires a

framework and an effective case management approach. The Framework

for the National Child Protection System in Kenya 2011 provides a reference

for child protection system defines the roles and functions of stakeholders

and also facilitates effective coordination of the actors in service provision.

For quality delivery of services and to ensure that all the child protection

actors handle cases effectively, these guidelines for Child Protection Case

Management and Referral in Kenya were developed.

The guidelines were developed through a participatory process involving

partners in child protection.

These guidelines are intended to support the collaborative processes among

the government and non -governmental agencies in service provision.

These guidelines are based on the key principle that partnership, multi-

sectoral approach and joint planning by all stakeholders in child protection

are imperative to building collaborative practice. The primary goal of case

management is to facilitate access to essential services to children in need of

care and protection. It is a collective responsibility of all stakeholders

including national, county government, civil society organizations,

community, family and children to address child protection concerns.

Nelson Marwa Sospeter, EBS

Principal Secretary

Ministry of Labour and Social Protection

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ABBREVIATIONS

AAC Area Advisory Council

ACRWC African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child

ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution

BCN Better care network

CBO Community Based Organization

CCI Charitable Children’s Institution

CPIMS Child Protection Information Management System

CSI Child Status Index

CSO Civil Society Organizations

CPV Child Protection Volunteer

DCS Department of Children’s Services

FBO Faith Based Organization

FGM/C Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting

INGO International Non- Governmental Organization

MOEST Ministry of Education Sciences and Technology

MOH Ministry of Health

NGO Non – Governmental Organization

ODPP Office of Director of Public Prosecutions

PSS psychosocial support

TSC Teachers Services Commission

UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

VAC Violence against Children

GLOSSARY

Aftercare Services: These are services provided to children after they have

served in an institutional care. -Such services include supervision and provision

of a tool kit or kitty - as appropriate.

Alternative Family Care: This is a formal or informal arrangement whereby a

child is looked after at least overnight outside the parental home either by

decision of a judicial or administrative authority or duly accredited body, or

at the initiative of the child, his/her parent(s) or primary caregivers or

spontaneously by a care provider in the absence of parents (- Guidelines for

Alternative Family Care of Children in Kenya October 2014)

Best Interest of the Child: This is the wellbeing of a child determined by the

individual circumstances of age, level of maturity, presence/ absence of

parents and the child’s environment and experiences (UNCRC 1989).

Burnout: This is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused

by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when one feels overwhelmed,

emotionally drained, and unable to meet constant demands.

Child abuse: Involves acts of commission and/ or omission, which result in

harm to the child. The four types of abuse are physical abuse, sexual abuse, -

emotional abuse and neglect (National Plan of Action for Children in Kenya

(2015-2022).

Case: A situation or circumstance that negatively affects the child.

Case Conference: This is a multi- disciplinary meeting consisting of child

protection actors- -where they explore a problem of a particular child or of a

group of children affected by the same problem from different perspectives

and disciplines. A case conference can be called at the case planning,

implementation or follow up stage. Case conferences can be held at

different levels including organization, sub-county and AAC levels.

Case file: A record kept for every child who is receiving services. The file

contains all documents that pertain to the child/case.

Case Management: The process of ensuring that an identified child has his or

her needs for care, protection and support met. This is usually the

responsibility of an allocated social worker who meets with the child, the

family, any other caregivers and professionals involved with the child in order

to assess, plan, deliver or refer the child and/or family for services, and

monitor and review progress. (Source: BCN Toolkit)

Care Plan: This is a document that outlines the goals, tasks and outcomes

needed to be executed by a- case worker to address the identified needs of

a child during assessment.

Case Plan: This is a written document which outlines how, when and who will

meet a child’s needs. It is developed by case workers or case managers in

collaboration with the child and caregiver.

Case Worker: This is a key worker trained in child protection systems and has

been authorized to maintain responsibility of the case from identification to

closure.

Case Manager: This is the person who takes the role of coordinating all the

efforts and service providers involved in the case management process. In

this guideline, the children’s officer at the Department of Children’s Services is

the case manager unless there is an emergency situation where

humanitarian agencies can become the case managers.

Caregiver: A person or guardian who is charged with a responsibility for a

child’s welfare (Guidelines for the Alternative Family Care of Children in

Kenya- October 2014)

Child: Means any human being under the age of eighteen years.

Child Participation: Child participation is a process of child development that

provides an opportunity for children to be involved in decision making on

matters that affect their lives and to express their views in accordance with

their evolving capacities (Child Participation Guidelines 2006)

Child Protection System: A set of laws, policies, regulations and services,

capacities, monitoring, and oversight needed across all social sectors to

prevent and respond to child protection related risks.

Child Protection Framework: A framework for child protection system defines

the key components, the institutions involved and how they are regulated

and coordinated, both horizontally and vertically (National Framework for

Child Protection Systems 2010).

Child Protection: These are measures and structures that prevent and

respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence affecting children

(Save the Children International, 2011).

Children in Contact with the Law: This includes all children going through a

justice system for whichever reason (victims, witnesses, children in need of

care and protection custody and chid offenders).

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Civil Society Organizations (CSO): These are non-profit making; non-

governmental organizations which seek to influence the policy of

governments and international organizations and/or to complement

government services. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) therefore refer to a

wide -array of organizations: community groups, non-governmental

organizations (NGOs), labor unions, indigenous groups, charitable

organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, and

foundations.

Concurrent plan: This identifies other required services that address both

economic and social welfare. It seeks to address a child’s needs while at the

same time establish an alternative plan that can be implemented to

empower the family to adequately provide for the needs of the child e.g.

where poverty level is high, you link the family to a livelihood/income

generating programme. In such cases two separate plans are developed.

This helps the child to continue getting care in a stable and safe

environment.

Contingency plan: It is a course of action designed to help an organization or

agency respond effectively to a significant event or situation that was not

planned for. It is executed when unexpected risks to child and/or family

emerge during implementation in case management. The purpose of the

plan is to minimize the damage of the risk when it occurs

Data management: –Is the system of storing information that is gathered

during case management. It also involves recording, analysing, and retrieving

of the data.

Emergency (crisis): A crisis or emergency is broadly defined as a threatening

condition that requires urgent action. Emergencies can be man- made such

as conflict or civil unrest, they can result from natural hazards, such as

earthquakes and floods; or it can be a combination of both. (Minimum

Standards- Child Protection in Humanitarian Action2012).

Faith Based Organizations (FBO): They are organizations that carry out

community and civic work and are funded by a religious organization.

Informant: The person who identifies a child in need of care and protection,

alerts authorities and gives information about the child’s case to child

protection actors.

Parent: Mother or father of a child and any person who is by law liable to

maintain a child or is entitled to his/her custody (Children Act 2001)

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Psychosocial Support: A continuum of love, care and protection that

enhances the cognitive, physical, emotional, social and spiritual wellbeing of

a person and strengthens their socio- cultural connectedness and resilience

(National PSS Guidelines, 2015).

Referral: The process of formally requesting services for a child or their family

from another agency (e.g. cash assistance, health care, etc.) Through an

established procedure and/or form. (Inter Agency Guidelines for Case

Management in Child Protection)

Referral Mechanism: This is a collaborative framework whereby different

service providers cooperate to fulfil their obligation of providing protection

and assistance services to children and families. The framework should define

each actor’s roles-, mandates and the steps involved in referral process

BACKGROUND

The guidelines have been developed from the experience of stakeholders in

Child Protection sector in handling cases of children in need of care and

protection over the recent past. In particular, a participatory process between

Department of Children’s Services and other partners in Child Protection sector

from Busia County helped conceive the guidelines from 2012. The experience of

Department of Children Services and other child protection actors working in

the community has also contributed to the development of these case

management and referral guidelines. It is however important to mention that a

concrete framework is only achievable through collaborative effort of all other

players in the child protection field.

These guidelines are part of experience sharing among partners in child

protection and are intended to support the collaborative processes among the

government and non -governmental agencies. Community based systems for

child protection are however the most sustainable and should be well built and

managed. This cannot be overemphasized. The guidelines focus on case

management and service delivery to children in need of care and protection,

and how to link them with the help they need. These guidelines are based on

the key principle that a partnership and multi-sectoral approach and joint

planning by all stakeholders in child protection are imperative to building

collaborative practice. This process allows for an ongoing dialogue where case

management updates can be shared thus contributing to accurate diagnosis

and intervention planning for children in need of care and protection

The guidelines for Case Management and Referral for Child Protection Systems

in Kenya is a reference material to guide different actors on how to carry out

comprehensive case management and referral and defines the role of the

government, civil society organizations, the communities, the family and the

child to complement each other.

These guidelines are not to be used in isolation but together with international,

regional and national legal frameworks dealing with children.

It provides appropriate tools for case management and referral.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO CASE MANAGEMENT

Scope

The case management process involves assisting a child (and their family)

through direct support and referral to other services for comprehensive

intervention in risky situation. It consists of intake, assessment, planning,

implementation, monitoring, review of case plan and closure of the case with

an aim of delivering quality services to the child and the family. It calls for a

multi-sectoral approach by all child protection stakeholders including national,

county government, civil society organizations, community, family and children

to address child protection concerns. The Guidelines are aimed at standardizing

service delivery in case management and referral mechanisms in child

protection in Kenya.

Goal of Case Management

The goal of case management is to promote access to essential services

to a child in a conducive environment that facilitates the child’s holistic

growth, development and resilience. This calls for harmonized and

coordinated approaches for effective and sustainable service delivery for

improved wellbeing of children. In all these approaches the best interest

of the child should be the overriding principle.

The Department of Children’s Services has the overall responsibility in case

management.

The overall objective will be:

To ensure smooth coordination, flow of resources and application

of expertise in ensuring that the child’s needs or challenges are

holistically and appropriately addressed on time to restore the

child’s wellbeing.

Specific objectives will be:

1) To improve coordination of services to children.

2) To ensure a continuum of care and services.

3) To strengthen linkages between the child and service providers.

4) To promote adherence to laws protecting children and standards of

practice.

5) To enhance data management in child protection

6) To enhance the wellbeing of the child

Guiding Principles

The following are the guiding principles that need to be observed in case

management at all times.

1. The best interest of the child: The best interest principle must guide all

the case management processes. This is important because often in

child protection, there is no one ideal solution possible but rather a

series of more or less acceptable choices

2. Do no harm: it is the responsibility of child protection practitioners to

protect children from harm. When serving children, care should be

taken to ensure they are not exposed to harm.

3. Non- discrimination: Children have a right to non-discrimination. All

children should enjoy their right to effective protection and no child

should be a victim of any discriminatory acts based on race, skin

colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion, ethnic, social origins,

economic status, disability or any other status.

4. Ethical standards and professionalism: when serving children,

practitioners should uphold professionally accepted standards of

personal behaviour and values.

5. Quality delivery of services: Services delivered in case management

should be centred aimed at promoting holistic development of a child.

6. Confidentiality: This is an ethical obligation for all child protection

practitioners and is necessary for service delivery. Child protection

practitioners should ensure that any information concerning a child is

treated with utmost respect to the privacy of the child and accessible

only to those authorized on a ‘need-to- know’ basis.

7. Accountability: Refers to the virtue of being transparent and taking

responsibility for one’s actions, as an agency and as an individual staff

involved in case management. Child protection practitioners should

be accountable for their actions, decisions and commitments not only

to the child, but also to other stakeholders.

8. Child participation: Child participation should take place at all levels

in the home, community, within organizations and across government.

Children should be given an opportunity to air their views, opinions and

concerns on matters affecting them. Their views should be considered

in accordance with the needs, resources available, and the child’s

developmental age.

9. Informed consent: Is the process for getting permission from a child

and the family before providing any intervention. It allows the child

and family to make informed decisions regarding their own situation.

10. Informed assent: Is the expressed willingness from a child and the

family to participate in the provision of services. Child protection

practitioners should gain informed consent and assent from the child

and family before providing any case management and referral

services. The case worker should make certain that the child and

family fully understand all relevant information concerning the case,

i.e. the services available to them, needs and resources available,

potential risks and benefits to receiving these cases, all the information

needed and how it will be used. For this to occur, child-friendly

communication should be used and any other considerations taken to

support informed consent/assent such as communicating effectively to

persons with disability.

11. Building partnerships: Case Management is very complex and this

calls for multi-sectoral approach. Several organizations from different

sectors try to address children cases individually and with limited

resources, therefore forming partnerships is a good approach to not

only increase capability, but also their reach. Partnerships help build a

common understanding on how to approach children cases from

different perspectives by different actors.

12. Culturally Responsive

Recognize that communities in Kenya are diverse and comprise of

many different cultures, religions, ethnicities, and local traditions.

Ensure services are sensitive and respectful towards all people, their

family forms, and their ways of bringing up children.

Do not excuse or overlook abuse, violence or exploitation of

children if cultural or religious practices are harming children’s

safety or wellbeing.

Understand how cultural and historical factors shape and influence

community capacity-building

, violence or exploitation of children if cultural or

religious practices are harming children’s safety or

wellbeing.

Understand how cultural and historical factors

shape and influence community capacity-building

Benefits of Case Management

1) Enhances optimal use of resources by government and partners in

child protection.

2) Promotes child’s active participation and self-determination in matters

affecting them.

3) Encourages family and community ownership of the child protection

process.

4) Minimizes re-traumatisation of children through re-telling of their story.

5) Helps monitor progress of the case.

6) Promotes commitment by service providers in their areas of expertise

hence ensuring quality service provision.

7) Ensures proper documentation of children’s cases.

8) Enhances accountability of service providers.

9) Ensures timely response and resolution of children’s cases.

Users of Case Management and Referral Guidelines

The case management and referral guidelines is a document developed

by Department of Children’s Services to be used by government and civil

society organizations and recognized community structures working for

and with children. It is imperative that child protection actors ensure use

of basic case management practice and adhere to its high standards.

Such use will ensure that children and families can access systematic and

holistically appropriate assistance in addressing their protection and

preventive needs.

Legal Framework Guiding Case Management in Kenya

Legislation on children protection in Kenya has evolved and continues to

evolve into a system that protects the rights and the welfare of the child.

Kenya has ratified several international and regional treaties including but

not limited to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children

(UNCRC) which was ratified in 1990 and African Charter on the Rights and

Welfare of the child (ACRWC) which Kenya ratified in 2000.The

Government of Kenya has domesticated the charter and treaties into the

following laws.

1) The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic. For the

first time in the history of the country, it defines a child as, “an

individual who has not attained the age of eighteen years” (Article

260), thus standardizing the definition and removing ambiguity.

Chapter Four (4) of the Constitution contains the Bill of Rights, which

offers protection for individual rights and freedoms for every Kenyan

including children. These include the right to association, movement,

secure protection of the law, religion and conscience, and the right to

life.

The rights of children are specifically set out in Article 53; This Article

provides every child with the right to a name and nationality from birth; to

free and compulsory basic education; to basic nutrition, shelter and

health care; to be protected from abuse, neglect, harmful cultural

practices, all forms of violence, inhuman treatment and punishment, and

hazardous or exploitative labour; to parental care and protection, which

includes equal responsibility of the mother and father to provide for the

child, whether they are married to each other or not; and not to be

detained, except as a measure of last resort, and when detained, to be

held for the shortest appropriate period of time; and be separated from

adults and in conditions that take account of the child’s sex and age.

Article 53(2) of the Constitution provides that “[a] child’s best interests are

of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child”.

2) The Children Act, 2001 is currently under review to align it with the

Constitution of Kenya. It makes provisions for the care and protection

of children in Kenya including: parental responsibility, fostering,

adoption, custody, maintenance, guardianship, care and protection

of children; administration of children's institutions.

It gives effect to the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the

Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child for

connected purposes. Under this Act, a child is "entitled to protection

from physical and psychological abuse, neglect and any other form of

exploitation including sale, trafficking, or abduction by any person.

Part VI of the Act establishes Children's Courts to conduct both civil and

criminal proceedings on matters involving the care and protection of

children, and Section 127 makes it an offense for "any person who has

parental responsibility, custody, charge or care of any child" to (a) "wilfully

assault, ill-treat, abandon, or expose, in any manner likely to cause him

unnecessary suffering or injury to health (including injury or loss of sight,

hearing, limb or organ of the body, an any mental derangement); or (b)

by any act or omission, knowingly or wilfully cause that child to become,

or contribute to his becoming, in need of care and protection."

3) Penal Code (Cap.63 Laws of Kenya)–Defines the penal system in

Kenya, outlining criminal offences and prescribing penalties. The Penal

Code protects children by classifying acts and omissions which

amount to child abuse as punishable offences.

4) Sexual Offences Act, 2006–The main law dealing with sexual offences

in the country including those involving children. It provides for the

prevention of and protection of children from harmful and unlawful

sexual acts. It prescribes stringent penalties for defilement of children

depending on the age of the victim. It also provides for child-friendly

5) Matrimonial Causes Act (Cap 152, Laws of Kenya)– consolidates all

the laws relating to matrimonial cases. It is important as it protects

children by providing for maintenance and custody of children whose

parents’ marriage is dissolved.

6) Subordinate Courts (Separation and Maintenance) Act (Cap. 153) –

provides for children in case of the judicial separation of their parents.

A married woman can apply for maintenance and custody orders in

a case where the man has wilfully neglected the children.

7) The Refugees Act, 2006– It requires the Commissioner for Refugee

Affairs to ensure that specific measures are taken to ensure the safety

of refugee women and children. The Commissioner is also required to

ensure that a child who is in need of refugee status or who is

considered a refugee shall, whether unaccompanied or

accompanied by his/her parents or by any other person, receive

appropriate protection and assistance. The Commissioner is further

required to, as far as is possible, assist refugee children in tracing their

parents or other family members. Where the child’s parents or other

family members cannot be found, the child shall be accorded the

same protection as any other child permanently or temporarily

deprived of his/her family.

8) Employment Act, 2007– It outlines the laws governing the employment

and protection of employees in Kenya. It provides that no person shall

employ a child in any activity which constitutes a “worst form of child

labour”. The Minister is required to make regulations declaring any

work, activity or contract of service harmful to the health, safety or

morals of a child.

9) National Youth Council Act, 2009– provides for a Council that is

mandated to mobilize resources to support and fund youth

programmes and initiatives and to liaise with other organizations to

ensure that young people gain access to resources and services

appropriate to their needs. The council is a useful forum to assist

children exiting (leaving) alternative care because they have

reached the age of 18.

10) Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act, 2010– It provides for the prevention,

suppression and punishment for trafficking in persons including

children. A National Plan of Action for Combating Human Trafficking

2013-2017 that addresses prevention, protection and regional

cooperation was also developed.

11) The Alcoholic Drinks Control Act 2010- makes it an offence to sell

alcohol to minors and prohibits minors from entering into

establishments where alcohol is sold.

12) Kenya Citizens and Foreign Nationals Management Service Act

enacted in 2011 provides a framework for the right to identity for all.

13) The Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act 2011- It criminalizes

FGM. The law is accompanied by a comprehensive National Policy for

the Abandonment of FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting),

2009.

14) The Persons with Disabilities Act 2012-A child with disability shall have

the right to be treated with dignity, and to be accorded appropriate

medical treatment, special care, education and training free of

charge or at a reduced cost whenever possible.

15) The Protection against Domestic Violence Act 2015- The Act seeks to

provide relief and protection to victims of domestic violence. Section

3 of the act defines violence to include abuse that includes child

marriage, female genital mutilation, forced marriage, defilement,

emotional or psychological abuse; harassment; incest; intimidation,

physical abuse; sexual abuse; stalking; verbal abuse; or any other

conduct against a person, where such conduct harms or may cause

imminent harm to the safety, health, or well-being of the person. The

Act seeks to protect those in a domestic relationship, that is, those

married, previously married, engaged, living in the same household,

relatives, children among others.

16) The Legal Aid Act 2016–A key feature of the Act is that it creates Legal

Aid Service, as a state agency with broad functions. Some of the

central functions are research in the field of legal aid with special

reference to the needs among indigent persons and marginalized

groups.

Of particular interest is that the Act defines from the outset who is

eligible and what constitutes legal aid. It provides that for purposes of

the Act, Legal Aid includes legal advice, representation, drafting of

relevant documents, giving effect to ADR and out of court

settlements, awareness raising and recommendations for law reform.

Children are one of the targets for legal aid as per the Act.

There are other legal frameworks, policies and guidelines that should be

referred to in the implementation of these Guidelines. See Annex B

Children in Need of Care and Protection

To effectively identify the children eligible for case management and

referral services, these guidelines will adopt the different categories of

children in need of care and protection as stipulated in the Children Act,

2001.This includes any child:

1) who has no parent or guardian, or has been abandoned by the

parent or guardian, or is destitute

2) who is found begging or receiving alms

3) who has no parent or the parent has been imprisoned

4) whose parent or guardian find difficulty in parenting

5) whose parent or guardian does not or is unable or unfit to exercise

proper care and guardianship

6) who is truant or is falling into bad associations

7) who is prevented from receiving education

8) who, being a female, is subjected or is likely to be subjected to female

circumcision or early marriage or to customs and practices prejudicial

to the child’s life, education and health

9) who is being kept in premises which, in the opinion of a medical officer,

are overcrowded, unsanitary or dangerous

10) who is exposed to domestic violence

11) who is pregnant

12) who is terminally ill or whose parent is terminally ill

13) who is disabled and is being unlawfully confined or ill- treated

14) who has been sexually abused or is likely to be exposed to sexual

abuse and exploitation including prostitution and pornography

15) who is engaged in any work likely to harm the health, education,

mental or moral development

16) who is displaced as a consequence of war, civil disturbances or

natural disasters

17) who is exposed to any circumstances likely to interfere with the

physical, mental and social development of the child

18) if any of the offences mentioned in the Third schedule to this Act has

been committed against the child or if s/he is a member of the same

household as a child against whom any such offense has been

committed, or is a member of the same household as a person who

has been convicted of an offence against a child

19) Who is engaged in the use of, or trafficking of drugs or any other

substances that may be declared harmful by the ministry responsible

for health?

The Department of Children’s Services has identified 36 case categories

and 27 modes of interventions out of section 119 of the Children Act for

purpose of inclusion of all cases of children for effective case

management. See Annex A

CHAPTER TWO: CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

2.1 Introduction

Case management is a structured, interactive and dynamic process that

starts from Intake to Case closure. It ensures comprehensive quality care in

the provision of services to children. It aims at building relationships among

the child, family and child protection stakeholders. It includes ongoing

analysis, decision-making and record-keeping to ensure that the identified

safety and developmental needs of the child are met.

This also includes developing exit strategy which entails preparing for and

supporting the move of the child out of the case management system. It is

a process starting from case planning to case closure. Throughout the case

management process, the child and the family should be well informed

and actively involved in the exit strategy.

The case manager and case worker are key players in case management

and referral process. Their roles entail:

Case Manager – The role of case manager is to provide leadership in

coordinating and planning of service delivery. In case management this is

the role of children officers as stipulated under Section 38 of the Children

Act (2001).

Case Worker – The role of the case worker is to handle the case from intake

to closure. The case worker develops the case plan, monitors

implementation and submits periodic reports and feedback to the case

manager. The case management process entails six steps namely:

identification/intake, assessment, case planning, implementation, follow

up/monitoring and review and case closure.

The stages in the Case Management are explained below;

2.2 Case management Process/stages

STEP 4: Implementation

Provide the services and /referrals

where appropriate

Step 2: Assessment.

Question: Is an intervention needed?

STEP 3: Case planning

Questions: What interventions are needed to

assist the child?

STEP 5: Follow up/Monitoring and review

.Question: Have we met goals set in the case

plan?

STEP 6: Case closure

Refer to partners with

appropriate capacity to provide

support

YES

FEEDBACK

YES

Step 1: Identification/ Intake. Question: Is the case

a valid concern?

No intervention required.

2.3 Case management Process

2.3.1 Identification/Intake

This is the entry point for any child who is in need of care and protection.

At the immediate contact with the child, a case worker should establish a

rapport with the child and consider the child’s immediate safety and

basic needs. The caseworker should also assess potential risks and if there

are no concerns, a case is closed. The stage involves identifying, receiving

and recording the case.

Key guidelines for Identification/Intake

1. This step begins when an informant identifies or learns of a child in

need of care and protection services and then alerts child protection

actors of a potential risk about a child. The process can be initiated by:

i. Professional, such as teachers, medical personnel, social workers,

counselors among others.

ii. Community workers such as child protection officers community

health volunteers, Child Protection volunteer officers

iii. opinion leaders, traditional and religious leaders

iv. Local administrators e.g. Chiefs.

v. Parents, guardians, family and community members

vi. Child through self- reporting

2. The case worker, receiving the child should assess the most urgent needs, for

instance safety, medical need and attend to them.

3. The case worker should categorize the case, open a case file and record all

the information concerning the case in a case record sheet.

Identification/Intake Check List

At identification stage the following key considerations should be

examined.

1. What is the concern/issue at hand?

2. What is the condition and behavior of the child?

3. Can the child, parent or primary caregiver be identified and located

via home contact and nearest landmark?

4. Can the motive of the informant be discerned?

5. How are the characteristics, dynamics and support of the family?

6. From the assessment, is the child safe?

7. Is the nature of the case established?

8. Is it an emergency case?

9. What level of risk is the child in?

10. Has an individual file been opened?

Note:

1. All the fields in the case record sheet A should be filled

2. The more comprehensive the information gathered by the case worker

the more it will help plan for intervention

Intake tool; Use Appendix I: Case Record Sheet A.

2.3.2 Assessment

Assessment is the process of establishing the challenges, needs and rights of a

child and his/her family in the wider context of the community. It should cover

the physical, emotional, moral, cognitive, and social and development needs of

the child.

Assessments and interventions must be made on the basis of knowledge about

child development, child rights and child protection (such as understanding

vulnerabilities and risk factors, and family dynamics).

Key Guidelines for Assessment

The following should be considered when carrying out case assessment

1. The case worker should gather the required information.

2. The case worker should seek the wishes and opinions of the child and the

family that will be considered in decision making.

3. The case worker should then examine the credibility and validity of the

information gathered.

4. Apart from the negative factors, the assessment should also evaluate the

positive influences on the child, family and environment.

5. Based on the information gathered as evidence, the case manager should

make sense of the information gathered to make the final decision on whether

the case is viable for execution or not.

Note:

Assessment should evaluate beyond a child’s immediate safety and basic

needs. Information should be gathered and documented from as many people

as possible; this includes the family, neighbours, teachers, child’s peers and

community leaders. A complete assessment looks at all the dimensions of child

wellbeing and wellness which include:

1. Food and Nutrition

2. Shelter and care

3. Education

4. Health

5. Psychosocial wellbeing

6. Protection

Assessment Checklist

The assessment checklist includes:

1. Take note of details of the child and the family background as well as

physical, emotional, educational and cognitive needs of the child.

2. What other risk factors of the child exist that need to be addressed? e.g.

stigma.

3. What is the situation of siblings and other children in the family?

4. Child participation: What is the child’s opinion and view about the case?

This will ensure every action is taken in the best interest of the child.

5. Has the parenting capacity, child development needs, family &

environmental factors been taken into account?

Assessment tool: Use National Child Assessment Form (Appendix III) and

refer to the Child Status Index (CSI) tool for the dimensions of wellbeing.

(Appendix XI).

2.3.3 Case Planning

This stage involves identifying the strategies that will address the physical,

emotional, educational and social needs of the child based on the assessment.

Case planning is an interactive process involving meaningful participation of the

child, his/her family and the case worker in decision making. A case plan must

be well documented and those working on the case should identify goals,

objectives and tasks with clearly defined responsibilities and timeframes for

meeting the goals.

Case plans are developed by the case worker. Where case worker/manager

requires comprehensive input from other stakeholders, a case conference can

be convened.

Key Guidelines for Case Planning

1. Document clearly the child and family needs based on the assessment results

2. Based on the child’s needs, prepare an outline of the end results by defining

the goals and objectives

3. Break the objectives into separate, realistic and measurable targets. Clearly

define the services needed, responsible persons to provide these services

(including the child and the family, and how these services should be

sequenced based on priority.

4. Realistically set up a timeline for meeting the goal, objectives and tasks.

5. Develop a monitoring plan and exit strategy for the child and family.

Case Planning Checklist

1. What are the outcomes that when achieved, will indicate that risk is reduced

and that the effects of abuse have been successfully addressed?

2. What goals and tasks must be accomplished to achieve these outcomes?

3. What are the priorities among the outcomes, goals, and tasks?

4. What interventions or services will best facilitate successful outcomes?

5. Are the appropriate services available?

6. How and when will progress be monitored and evaluated?

Case Plan tool (Appendix IV: Case Plan Form)

2.3.4. Implementation

It is a stage during which the case plan is put into action. It includes providing

direct services to the child and family or link the child and family to an

appropriate service provider (referral) using the available resources to meet the

identified needs.

Key Guidelines for Implementation:

1. Ensure regular communication with the child and the caregiver to confirm

that their needs are being met in a timely manner.

2. The case manager and case worker should organize and coordinate the

delivery of the services to the child. The services should be in line with the set

goals in the case plan.

3. In case services are not readily available or accessible, a contingency plan

should be put in place.

4. Where there is a challenge in implementation of a case plan, a case

worker/manager can incorporate other stakeholders in child protection to make

formal decisions with the best interest of the child in mind to facilitate this, a

case conference can be convened.

5. Implementation of a case plan requires a strong collaboration between child

protection actors for ease of referral.

6. Making referral to other organizations ensure that clients receive high quality

services not available within the case worker’s organization. It’s important to

note for referred cases, the primary responsibility of the case remains with the

case worker until all actions outline in the case plan are achieved.

Implementation Check List

1. Are the activities in the case plan being implemented as planned?

2. Are appropriate referrals being done?

3. Is feedback received as expected?

4. Is there need to review the Case Plan?

5. Has the family and the child involved in the safety plan and the placement

process?

6. Has the contact provided to the family after rescue and placement either in

a safe house as soon as possible—ideally, within the first week, unless

providing contact pose high security risk to the child?

7. Has the child been reassured that there is nothing wrong with him/her and

that s/he is not to blame for the removal/rescue from the home?

8. Has the child been provided with information about the reasons for the

removal, where s/he is going, and how long s/he may remain there?

9. Was the child allowed to take as many personal favourite items as possible,

such as photos of the family or home, toys or clothing?

10. Have you found out as much as possible about the child’s; likes and dislikes,

routines, medical issues and informed the temporary homes care provider?

11. Has the child been encouraged to express his/her feelings and normalize

those feelings, possibly through engaging in activities she/he likes?

12. Has the child been given a phone number to contact the children office or

the helpline for moral support?

NB; Family members can also be traumatized by the removal of a child. They

too could require support. Appendix II: Case Referral forms:

CASE CONFERENCE

This is a multi- disciplinary meeting consisting of child protection actors where

they explore a problem of a particular child or of a group of children affected

by the same problem from different perspectives and disciplines. A case

conference can be called at the case planning, implementation or follow up

stage. Case conferences can be held at different levels including organization,

sub-county and AAC levels (Multi-Disciplinary Case Conference in Child

Protection).

 Case conferencing is a formal, planned and typically

multidisciplinary meeting involving stakeholders involved in

the care of a vulnerable child and/or family.

 Participants can include: case worker, supervisor, service

providers (e.g. teachers, nurses, etc.) who are known to the

child/family, the child and/or family when appropriate.

 Case conferencing is used throughout case management to

enhance reflective practice, problem solving, and safe

decision making.

 The objective is to generate potential solutions to

challenges/risks/bottlenecks that are delaying progress in the

case towards successful completion and/or to reach

consensus on key decisions.

Membership

All professionals involved in the case, the child and family will participate in the

case conference when required. A case conference should have a minimum

of 5 and a maximum of 12 members excluding the child and his/her caregiver.

Administration and Convening of Case Conferences

The chair of the case conference will be the DCS or the case worker at family

level and the convener will be DCS or the specific case worker handling the

case. Depending on any level of case conferencing the convener may elect

anybody to chair the case conference while DCS or the specific case worker

act as the secretary. The secretary and convener will be responsible for

developing the case conferencing report with details of each participant in the

annex of the report.

Timing, location

The location and timing of the conference will be planned to ensure maximum

attendance from key agency representatives. The Case Conferences will be

held at a time and venue convenient to majority of the attendees. The

convener (case worker) will ensure that the timing does not conflict with the

child and caregiver’s schedule.

Information for the Conference

All service providers will have all factual information pertaining to the case to be

discussed prepared and where possible shared before the case conference is

convened. This information will however not be shared prior to the meeting by

parent/caregiver suspected of abuse. The conference must have a dedicated

person to take notes and produce minutes of the proceedings.

Parents/Caregivers will be invited and where necessary assisted to attend a pre-

meeting with the Chair 30 minutes before the case conference. This meeting will

allow for the purpose and function of the meeting to be outlined to them. It will

also establish the caregiver/parents’ literacy and linguistic ability and any other

special needs and also agree on a strategy for dealing with these needs.

Reports

In addition to any other relevant reports that may be required at the Case

Conference, the Case Worker must prepare a written report for the Case

Conference covering the following areas;

1. Subject(s) and family details

2. Incident leading to the conference

3. Subsequent Investigation

4. Relevant Background/Family Information

5. Current situation

6. Family views

7. Child(ren)s views

8. Assessment of risk

9. Recommendations

Report must be received by the conference chair at least a day prior to the

conference and unless otherwise must have been shared with parents/child

prior to the conference. Written reports by other key professionals should also be

forwarded least one day before the conference.

Structure of the Case Conference

1. The Case Worker will meet with the caregiver and child before the review to

clarify the conference process.

2. The Chair provides a brief explanation of the purpose of the meeting,

introducing all participants

3. Professionals will be invited to contribute any additional information including

any developments since the reports were written.

4. If a decision is made that a child requires a case plan, the Chair should

ensure that:

5. They summarise and state the risks to the child, strengths in the family on

which safety for the child may be developed and specify what is needed to

change;

6. A qualified case worker is identified as a key worker to develop, co-ordinate

and implement the case plan

7. A core group is identified of family members and professionals;

8. A date is set for the first core group meeting within ten working days of the

initial conference and timescales set for subsequent meetings

9. A date for the child protection review conference is set;

10. A date is set for the next case conferencing meeting

11. The outline case plan is formulated and clearly understood by all concerned

including the caregivers and, where appropriate, the child.

12. If it is a case conference to review an ongoing case, revisions are made on

the case plan based on the case conference report action points.

13. Case Conference will contain the facility to exclude parents/guardians for a

brief period between the main information sharing and the decisions and

recommendation section.

14. The Case Conferencing team should explore the most appropriate ways to

engage a child in participation of their case.

15. The case conferencing team should explore the most appropriate ways to

engage children in participation in their cases.

2.3.5. Case Follow Up and Review

This process involves regular monitoring, reviewing of the case plan and

obtaining regular feedback from the child, care givers and service

providers to the case worker and Vice versa. It determines whether

services are effectively addressing the identified needs of the child and

whether needs have changed over time. Follow up to confirm service

provision can take place through home visits, phone calls, Email writing,

visit to service provider. Case conferences can be convened at this stage

to assess whether goals and objectives have been attained. Use

Appendix VII:Case Conferencing Report Form

The following essential actions are necessary while monitoring the

progress of the case.

A. Reviewing the case plan on a regular basis by case worker

This will include assessing whether the interventions planned have been

achieved and/or change(s) to the plan is required. The outcome will also

help in planning on risk reduction Modification to the case plan are made

when the set goals and objective are not met. Use Appendix V Review of

care plan form

B. Coordination of referral pathways

Service provision is a collaborative effort of all the stakeholders in case

management. Consequently, the evaluation of a child’s and family’s

progress must also be collaborative. The partners should be clear on

what information to share with each other to facilitate transition from

one service provider to the next.

The case manager should ensure the submission of these reports to

his/her office and call for case conferences when necessary. Use

Appendix VII Case Conferencing Report Form

C. Getting feedback from the child and the caregivers

The case worker should follow up with the child and the care givers to

ensure they are receiving support from all the service providers

involved in the case management. The follow up can be done

through Phone calls, office appointments and home visiting order to

identify any barriers or problems. It is also important to ensure the child

is still safe as the case is proceeding. The case worker will keep record

of the visits and give progress report of the case to all the service

providers involved in case management. Case worker should then

discuss any need to revise the case plan with the Service providers

and/or the child and family/caregivers.

D. Feedback to the case manager

There should be strong linkage between child protection actors and

the Department of Children’s Services. All feedback on cases handled

should be shared with the Department of Children’s Services for the

purpose of documentation and accountability. The Department of

Children’s Services has the overall mandate to keep all players in child

protection accountable to the child and receive feedback on the

process and challenges in the cases referred to them.

Case Follow Up and Review Check List

There are a number of crucial parameters to measure case progress

during monitoring visits. These are;

1) What changes have occurred in the factors contributing to the risk?

Change is measured by comparing the conditions and behaviors

identified during intake and family assessment to the current

functioning of the child and individual family members.

2) What progress has been made toward achieving case goals and

outcomes?

Assess whether the set goals and outcome are being progressively

achieved.

3) How effective have the service providers been in achieving outcomes

and goals in a case?

Determine whether the service providers have offered services and

provided feedback as per the case plan.

After Care Services – This refers to supervision and care exercised over a

child after achieving intended goals in the case plan in preparation of

closing the case. This includes home visits and occasionally calling the

child and caregivers to check on progress on need basis. Check

Appendix VI: After Care form

After Care Support Checklist

1) Have the goals of the child and the family been met?

2) Is the child free from harm?

3) Are there any other concerns?

4) Has the household been assisted to cope with the issues?

5) Has the child reached age of majority?

6) Is the child and family receiving adequate support from the

community?

2.3.6. Case Closure

This is the process whereby the case worker or case manager, after

carefully reviewing the goals, outcome and circumstances of the case

decides to terminate it.

A case can be terminated on the following grounds:

1) After the set goals have been achieved

2) Death of a child

3) Relocation of the family to a new place and are untraceable

4) Child and the family are unwilling to continue with the case

5) There are no grounds to go against their wishes(in the best interest of

the child)

6) Transfer- If an organization is unable to continue offering services, or if

the child has moved from one region to another before the case is

closed, then the case should be transferred to another service

provider. It is advisable that both the current and new case worker

consultative discussions session to introduce the new service provider to

the child and the family.

7) When a child attains 18 years unless under special circumstances as

provided in the law.

NB The case manager is free to re-open the case if need arises. (Appendix

VIII: Case Closure Form)

Case Closure Check List

1) Is the child ready for reintegration?

2) Is the family/community well prepared for the reintegration of the child?

3) Have the objectives of the case plan been achieved?

4) Has the case conference with the child and his/her family been done?

5) Is it the right time to exit the child from the case management system?

CHAPTER THREE: REFERRAL AND FEEDBACK

3.1 Introduction

Case referral: Is the process of directing or redirecting a child and the

caregivers to an agency for appropriate services. The case worker should

then fill in the referral form, hand over the case and continuously receive

feedback until the case is concluded. Referral of a case can be done at

any stage depending on the need of the child.

A case worker may refer a child to a professional/institution without

consent of the caregiver. This may occur when:

1) Best interest of the child overrides the consent of caregiver

2) A child faces significant harm or is at risk of facing significant harm if

the referral is not made.

Referral mechanisms work on the basis of efficient lines of communication

and establish clearly outlined referral pathways and procedures, with

clear and simple sequential steps (UNFPA 2010).

3.2 Circumstances of referral

During the case management process, a child might require a number of

services that the case worker might not be in a position to offer. The case

worker should then determine who among the service providers is best

suited to intervene in the case and refer.

3.3 Benefits of an Effective Referral System

1) It ensures children receive the best possible care closest to home.

2) It enhances cost- effective use of child protection services.

3) It facilitates active collaboration and linkages between different

service providers within a referral network

4) It enhances accountability among service providers

5) It promotes establishment of networks in child protection.

3.4 Feedback Mechanisms

There should always be a two- way information flow between the

caregiver and service provider referred to. The child and the family should

also be involved in the referral process by informing them of each step,

getting their views and incorporate them in referral decisions.

3.5 Importance of an Effective Feedback Mechanism

1) It ensures transparency and accountability

2) It helps to track progress of a case up to conclusion hence in

identification of gaps in services offered.

3) It enables identification of capacity needs of service providers and

improves service delivery towards set goals.

4) It allows stakeholders to monitor the trends of cases and inform

development of policies and other interventions

5) It improves relationships between the client, case worker and the

agency.

6) It minimizes duplication of service and resources

7) Ensure children get quality and comprehensive services.

3.6 Documentation, Data protection and information management

Case documentation provides accountability for both the activities and

the outcomes of the work. Each reported case for an individual child

should be documented in an individual case file for each child. Each

case should receive a reference number which should be noted on the

top cover of the file. Personal details of the child or family should not

appear on the front of case files.

In child protection services, case records must be carefully documented

and captured in the Child Protection Information Management System

(CPIMS). In the event that CPIMS is not accessible, documentation need

to be done manually using the provided forms (Annex A: aggregate form)

and shared with the case manager.

All Case Management documentation should be kept safe, secure and

confidential.

Among the key things in case file should include:

1. The cover page to have the child’s name and serial number/code

number

The content in the file should include: filled

1. Case record sheet

2. Assessment from

3. Case plan

4. Referral form

5. Feedback form

6. Case conferencing form

7. Case closure form

8. Any other relevant document that support the case

 Documentation: is both in written paper records and electronic case

management records.

 All case management work should be documented following

established information management and data protection Protocols.

 Individual family case files for each case, including documents for

each child within the family

 As a case progresses, forms and notes should be accurately and

thoroughly filled out, updated and stored in the file.

 Files should be kept in a secure location with restricted access such as

a locked cabinet, or password protected if electronic case files.

 Child protection policy should be read & signed by any individual

accessing documentation

 Unique identifier to be assigned to each case for confidentiality and

effective tracking purpose.

 Unique identifier should not identify the family or child

 Code to be used to refer to the child’s case either verbally, on paper or

electronically.

 Data is managed on CPIMS and MS Excel based dashboards

Data protection and information sharing

 Data protection relates to the protection of all personal data collected

during case management

 Agencies involved in case management must develop and adhere to

data protection protocols based on the principles of confidentiality

and “need to know”

 Ultimate aim: safeguarding the best interests of the child

It is a guide for:

 What information to collect;

 How the information will be used; and

 How the information will be stored

NB/All staff involved in the case management process should be aware

of and adhere to the data protection protocols

Information Sharing Protocol

 It Provides guidance to all staff and agencies involved on:

• What information about the family and children should be

shared

• When and with whom

• How this information will be shared, verbally, electronically

or through a paper system

• Appropriate procedures to ensure that the confidentiality

of the family and child is protected and respected at all

times

 Should be aligned with country data protection laws.

Information Management

 Electronic data should be password protected and the password

changed on a regular basis

 Use of organization/provider email addresses instead of personal

emails

 Computers fitted with up-to-date anti-virus software

 Organization computers should be password protected and

inaccessible to unauthorised users

 Staff responsible for data entry and management included in all case

management related training and capacity-building activities

Documentation Checklist

1) Are the details of how the child was identified or referred recorded?

2) Is the intake form and comprehensive assessment details in the file?

3) Are there details of specific case workers responsible for following

the case?

4) Is there copy of individual case plan in the file?

5) Are there copies of any correspondence for referral pertaining to

the case?

6) Are there notes from each case conference relevant to the

case/child?

7) Are there notes from each follow-up visit and details of planned

follow-up actions?

8) Is the documentation well stored for ease of retrieval and review?

9) Has the information sharing protocols clearly followed?

CHAPTER FOUR: COORDINATION OF CASE MANAGEMENT AND REFERRAL OF

CHILD PROTECTION

4.1 Overview

Case management requires clearly defined and coordinated roles of all

child protection actors. Due to the broad range of stakeholders with

distinct roles there is need for clarity on coordination mechanism. Case

management process should be coordinated at various levels; national,

county, sub-county, ward, locational and community level. The

Department of Children’s Services will provide leadership for the effective

implementation of Guidelines for child protection case.

4.2 National Level

At the national level the Department of Children’s Services(DCS), and the

National Council for Children’s Services (NCCS)provides leadership in case

management.

The role of NCCS in case management is to:

1. Define and formulate policies on children’s issues

2. Coordinate and support Child Rights issues

3. Plan, monitor and evaluate children’s activities

4. Source and coordinate resources for child welfare activities

5. Advocate for Child Rights issues.

Establish Area Advisory Councils (AACs)

6. Provide general supervision and control over the planning, financing and

coordination of child rights and welfare activities and to advise the Government

on all aspects thereof.

Department of Children’s Services (DCS)

The Department of Children’s Services is the implementing authority in Case

Management. It is mandated to lead and ensure coordination of service

provision to children. DCS will streamline service delivery through promoting

harmonized standards and regulatory systems. DCS shall use the existing

structures of NCCS for effective coordination in case management and

referral.

At the county, sub-county, ward and locational levels, the Area Advisory

Councils (AACs) should be used for effective coordination of Case

Management.

4.3 County Level

The County AAC and its role in case management:

1) Co-ordinate, monitor and evaluate case management

implementation in the county.

2) Advice the county government on policy issues concerning children.

3) Coordinate capacity building of front line workers on case

management.

4) Update the county specific directory on children service providers.

5) Mobilize resources

6) It acts as a link between the county and the national government

7) It Is the team leader for capacity building for stakeholders at the

county level

8) Disseminates information and policies on children

9) Coordination of child protection services at the county level

10) Create Technical Working Group (TWG) for case management

4.4 Sub-County Level

The core function in Case Management

1) Coordinate and facilitate overall case management implementation.

2) Facilitate linkages between service providers and community

resources.

3) Form strategic partnerships and networks to support children

programmes and implement case management

4) Support the implementation of the Child Protection Information

Management System (CPIMS)

5) Mobilize resources and capacity building.

6) Undertaking regular supportive supervisions to partners for

implementation of services.

7) Support and monitor case management activities

8) Manage data and surveys conducted within the sub county.

9) Create Technical Working Group(TWG) For case management at the

sub county.

4.5 Ward level

1) Develop mitigation plans for child protection issues

2) Promote and create public awareness

3) Create Technical Working Group for case management, and to

collect, consolidate and submit data on children issues to the sub

county AAC.

4.6 Locational Level

Case management should be community driven for it to be effective.

Communities have the safety net that can be of great support to the child

and the family. Key community stakeholders include: Community Based

Organizations, Community Health Volunteers, Nyumba Kumi Initiative, CPV,

and FBOs. Key coordinating actors are chiefs, the assistant chiefs and the

children’s officer.

At this level there is a lot of mapping of service providers chair and

coordinate service delivery, mobilize resources and create awareness.

Note:

Service Mapping

It’s crucial at each level of implementation of the Guidelines, to create an

inventory of all services and resources available to children and families.

CHAPTER FIVE: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PLAYERS IN CASE

MANAGEMENT

To realize its objective case management requires a multi-sectoral approach.

There are various key stakeholders in case management. These include state

and non-state actors, community, family and children. All child protection

service providers shall give reports on all child protection cases handled to the

Department Of Children’s Services. Where CPIMS is not accessible the case work

should utilize the manual Case Summary sheet (see Appendix 10

State Agencies

The role and function of each government department differs according to their

responsibilities in child protection.

5.1. The Department of Children’s Services

The Department of Children’s Services has the overall mandate of guiding

case management and is ultimately responsible. It is in charge of the

following:

1) To establish, promote, co-ordinate and supervise case management

and referral services. Coordination of service provision, preservation of

information and follow up of all child protection cases.

2) To develop and periodically update a directory of all child protection

service providers (service mapping) in their jurisdiction. To map all

service providers and periodically update the directories in the sub-

counties

3) To maintain updated records, as well as data on children in case

management.

4) To ensuring implementation of decisions and holding partners in case

management accountable to do their part in providing services to

children.

5) To offer technical support to Civil Society Organizations and direct

services providers.

6) To coordinate rescues, placements (safe shelter) with emphasis on

family-based alternative care arrangement.

7) To prepare social inquiries reports and case plan for the children

including their caregivers.

8) Ensuring child participation in decision making including preparation of

case plan.

9) To delegate case work/case plan to other services providers such as

CCIs.

10) Convening case management meeting/case conferencing

11) Resource mobilization for case management

12) Offering psychosocial support to the children and their families

13) Offering after care services during case follow-up and review

14) Sharing data with partners

5.2. The Health Sector

Health sector is an important stakeholder in Case management. The health

practitioners provide promotive, preventive, curative and palliative services

to children and their families.

They are responsible for the following:

1) Screen physical (suspicious injuries or abuse) or psychological signs of

abuse and report to medical social worker/counsellor, the police,

children officers or call 116, GBV 1195, Red Cross emergency line 1199

and the police hotline 999.

2) Assessing the medical needs of the child so that emergency medical

condition can be attended to immediately

3) Determining what examination is needed for the collection of evidence

4) Administering timely and appropriate child-friendly services

5) Preserving forensic evidence and presenting it to police/courts;

example DNA.

6) Fill medical forms needed for case management - P3 and Post Rape

Care (PRC) forms

7) Testify in subsequent legal proceedings.

8) Liaise with medical social workers and counselors to link the child with

any other support needed by the child.

9) Upholding teamwork, ethics, privacy and confidentiality In handling

children related cases

10) Provide photographic evidence in accordance with child safeguarding

standards.

11) Medical social worker to assess the status of child (Develop a treatment

plan/care plan

12) Fill in incidence form and refer child to DCS for temporary shelter

Note: Any medical forms for child victims (P3/PRC form) are free.

5.3 The Education Sector

In Kenya children spend more time in school than at home especially from

early childhood to secondary school and tertiary education sector.

Education sector is therefore a major player in protecting children when they

are in school.

a) Abuse in School:

In case of child abuse occurring in school, School managers or other

bodies regulating the education sectors in Kenya including ministry in-

charge of education, Teachers Service Commission and teachers’ trade

unions must:

1) Notify the parents/guardians, the Police and the Children’s officers

immediately but not later than 24hrs.

2) Assess the safety and medical needs of the child and act accordingly

3) Preserve any evidence that may be needed by the police

4) Institute a disciplinary action against the teacher (if one is the

perpetrator) and refer to relevant authority for legal action.

5) Hand over the child to the next service provider (parent, Police

children’s officer)

6) Ensure confidentiality to manage stigma

7) Provide support services to the child/caregiver e.g. psychosocial

support through guidance and counseling, facilitate movement of

children to other service providers, linkage with other service providers.

8) Ensure retention of child in school

9) Establish linkages with the children department and other government

agencies

10) Teachers to testify and provide evidence in court and follow-up the

matter

b) child to child abuse in school:

In case the abuse happens away from school but is reported to or noticed

by the teacher:

1) Assess the gravity of abuse and report to TSC, Ministry of Education,

children officer and or the police

2) Take the child to hospital if need be

3) Inform the caregiver if s/he is not the perpetrator

4) Offer psychosocial support to children who have been abused

c) Abuse perpetrated by a child:

Where the perpetrator is a child within the school the management should:

1) Assess the safety and medical needs of the children and act accordingly.

2) Report to the primary care givers of both the victim and the perpetrator.

3) Report to the police and the children’s officer

4) Refer both the victim and the perpetrators to relevant service providers

NOTE:

1) The above applies to all children learning institutions.

2) Case of criminal nature perpetrated by children should be reported to

the police and children’s officer.

5.4 National Police Service

1) Entering the report in the Occurrences Book (OB), issuing of OB number to

the person reporting

2) Providing services to children through gender desks Provide legal advice

to perpetrator and victims- Prepare victims of child abuse and witnesses

during and after trial jointly with the ODPP.

3) Provide swift and efficient response to arrest of alleged perpetrators and/

or rescue children when called upon

4) Efficient investigation and recording of witness statement

5) Ensure thorough/detailed investigation in cases involving children to build

a case through the justice system.

6) Refer the child to DCS and other stakeholders to develop a case plan

7) Collection and preservation of evidence and crime scene for possible

court process

8) Ensure perpetrator appears in court

9) Ensure the child (victim) appears in court

10) Be available to testify and produce evidence in court

11) Cooperate with the DCS to prepare the child for court

12) Ensure the best interests of the child are upheld while under their custody.

13) Provide temporary shelter to children in need of care and protection in

child friendly facilities/child protection units (within a police station and

away from adult offenders) and or refer to other service providers

14) Bond witnesses to appear in court

5.5. Office of the Director of Public Prosecution (ODPP)

1) Review of police files and advices accordingly

2) Institute and undertake criminal prosecutions against persons who

commit crimes against children or for children in conflict with the law

as well as directing court proceedings.

3) Ensure that best interests of the child are upheld during the

proceedings

4) Prepare victims of child abuse and witnesses during and after trial

jointly with the Police Advise and direct Investigative Officers on any

gaps arising from the evidences

5) Ensure preparation and filing of victim impact statement in good

timing Give feedback to children/parent/caregiver and the

Department of Children’s Services on the proceedings of the case.

6) Notify children/parents/caregivers and the Department of Children’s

Services of court appeals from the perpetrators

5.6 Witness Protection Agency

1. Share the criteria for admission to and removal from the witness protection

programme to key in the children sector

2. Determine the type of protection measures to be applied

3. Advice any government ministry, department agency or any other person

on the adoption of strategies and measures on witness protection

4. Ensure vulnerable witness and victim protection

5.7 Judiciary

In cases of abuse, violence and exploitation there may be a need to access

legal support, especially in cases of criminal nature. The Judiciary is responsible

for establishing and running of Children Courts. The key roles and functions of

the judiciary include:

1) Ensure the best interests of children are given precedence in all court

proceedings

2) Ensure child appears in camera

3) Separate children’s courts for all cases involving children

4) Ensure only authorized persons (parents/ caregivers, etc.) attend

proceeding in children’s cases

5) Adjudicate on matters involving children expeditiously

6) Test competence of child to appear in court

7) In collaboration with the National Legal Aid Service; provide legal aid and

guidance for any child involved in a court case

8) The Judiciary should work closely with children officers to ensure that cases

of child abuse are held in a timely and appropriate manner.

9) Issue appropriate orders (warrant of witnesses, witness protection orders) to

safeguard the welfare of the child.

10) Ensure provision of legal aid for children in conflict with the law.

11) Issue appropriate orders to safeguard the rights and welfare of the child

12) Training magistrates on child protection to safeguard the best interest of the

child

5.8 The Probation and Aftercare Services

1) Prepare probation social inquiry reports

2) Protection of all children and families in probation and community service

orders

3) Ensure protection of children in after care services

4) Develop and implement a care plan and treatment plan

5) Provide and/or refer children and/or their families for psychosocial

Support

6) Ensure compliance in accordance with the care plan

7) Reconcile the parties (perpetrator, child, family and community).

8) Facilitate reparation(the action of making amends for a wrong one has

done by providing payments or any assistance to those whose who has

been wronged.

9) Victim support and make necessary recommendations

10) Rehabilitation of child offenders

5.9 The Civil Society Organizations (CSO)

CSOs key responsibility is to support and complement the work of the

government. Their roles in case management include:

1) Mobilize resources and provide needed services to children. This should be

done in collaboration with the Department of children services

2) Advocacy and lobbying for child protection issues.

3) Support the government to build the capacity of service providers and

the communities

4) Provide child friendly services to children and their families as stipulated in

the case plan- e.g. temporary shelter, psychosocial support, economic

and social support, legal services etc.

5) Give feedback on the case to case worker and other relevant

stakeholders

6) Share data with the Department of Children’s Services and other

stakeholders on case management

7) Provide capacity building on child protection at the community level.

8) Link children, parents/ caregivers to child protection services.

9) Create awareness on children’s issues

10) Monitor and report abuse cases to relevant authorities

11) Facilitate building and strengthening of networks among stakeholders

5.10 Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government

1) Identification and referral of cases to the Department of Children’s

Services

2) Create awareness about child abuse through the Barazas

3) Execute orders and summons to alleged child perpetrators

4) Support the reintegration of the child to the communities/family.

5) Create awareness on family-based alternative care arrangements such

as, kinship care, foster care, guardianship and adoption.

6) Support in monitoring implementation of concurrent case plan for

parents/caregivers of children enrolled in case management.

7) Assist in arresting perpetrators of child abuse

8) Assist in Rescue and tracing

9) Ensure law enforcement in the community

10) Look for local intervention where applicable e.g. local CSOs.

11) Ensure that other state interventions like ‘Nyumba Kumi’ initiative are

mainstreamed with child care and protection

12) Chair AAC meetings and monitor all service providers through AAC

5.11 The Community

This category includes community leaders, women/men groups and youth

groups, political leaders, religious leaders, CHVs and CPVs, Chief’s council,

Nyumba Kumi cluster representatives, paralegals, among others. They have

a role in shaping community values and influencing approaches to child

protection such as:

1) Reporting of abuse within the community to relevant authority.

2) Assist in investigations

3) Provide psychosocial support to children and families

4) Create awareness about child protection issues at the community level

5) Mobilization of community members for desired action

6) Come up with/adapt alternative positive-traditional methods to deter

and shun retrogressive cultural practices would-be offenders, such as

songs, taboos and shun retrogressive cultural practices that infringe on

the rights of the children

7) Identify and support safe spaces/ playgrounds for children

8) Support monitoring parent/caregiver in the implementation of

concurrent case plan

5.12 The family/care givers

Parents/caregivers and families are the closest to a child and are in the

best situation to assess the well-being of the child or the risks that they face.

Families include nuclear family, single parent families, child headed

families, kinship care families, foster families, step families, extended family

etc.

Support interventions that reduce risk factors of abuse

The role and responsibilities include:

1) Ensure safety of children.

2) Be the first to notice any change in behavior or wellbeing of the child

and act on it

3) Identify the medical and safety needs and report to the police,

children’s officer, call 116 or other child protection actors for support.

4) Cooperate with authorities in investigation

5) Avail the child to the police, doctors or in court when needed.

6) Maintain confidentiality to avoid stigma

7) Ensure meaningful participation of children in decision making during

case management.

8) Introduce child rights and abuse in children at an early age

5.13 Child

The roles of the child in case management are:

1) Depending on age and maturity, be aware of child rights and abuse

issues.

2) Report any cases of abuse or attempted abuse to a responsible person

or call 116.

3) Provide accurate information during the case management process

4) Raise awareness on child issues to fellow children

5) Participate actively in all decisions affecting them.

6) To strive to be safe from all kinds of harm and abuse

5.14-Intergovernmental organization

Refers to global and regional organizations such as the UN and its specialised

agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF; regional bodies such as AFRICAN UNION and

Financial agencies such IMF and World Bank. Their roles in Case Management

will be

1. Provide technical and financial support

2. Support advocacy policy formulation and strategic partnership

CHAPTER SIX: CASE WORKERS SUPPORT

Overview

The chapter looks at case workers competence, welfare and safety.

6.1. Case Workers competences

A case worker should be a trained person and authorised in

handling children cases. Case workers should be supported to

improve their technical capacity and skills.

This should be through:

Training, debriefing, mentorship, coaching, exchange

programmes, team building etc. The case worker must have child-

friendly communication skills, so that they can be able to effectively

gather information from the child and their families.

Some of the key competences required from a case worker

include:

1) Counseling skills

2) Communication skills

3) Interviewing skills

4) Documentation- collecting, reporting and analysing

information

5) Networking and coordination skills

6) Resource mobilization skills

7) Child protection skills

8) Application of knowledge from guidelines

Some of the training modules for case workers include:

1) Understanding Case Management

2) Working and communicating with children and families.

3) Psychosocial support for children and families

4) Self-care

5) Child Protection skills

6.2 Burnout in Case Workers

Providing case management services is a complex, demanding and

emotionally draining job... To improve the efficiency of the case worker, a

support system needs to be put in place. This provide opportunities for

debriefing, mentorship, coaching, training and other relevant support to enable

the case worker deal with issues that might interfere with their performance in

order to maximize performance and minimize burnout, support system must be

developed within case management team to provide case workers with

opportunities for debriefing

Signs & Symptoms of Burnout

Majority of case workers might not be aware they are experiencing burnout.

There are signs that can indicate the presence of burnout. These include;

1) Exhaustion; always feeling tired.

2) Lack of focus; (one is forgetful and unable to pay attention to details)

3) (Case workers feeling inadequate and incompetent;)Poor work morale

4) Reduced job satisfaction.

5) Communication breakdown.

6) Irritability

7) Absenteeism

8) Frustration

9) Quick to anger

10) Detached

Causes of Burnout

1) Unrealistic expectations; Increased caseload and responsibilities piles a lot of

unreasonable pressure on case workers. Caseworkers with disproportionate

increase in number of clients to handle within specific timeframe can be a

recipe for burnout. E.g. A case worker who was handling ten clients in five

days might still be expected to handle twenty clients in the same period

when client numbers shoot-up.

2) Documentation; Detailed forms and reports to be written within short periods

can be a perfect recipe for burnout. Progress reports, quarterly reports, social

inquiry reports and lots of other forms can take its toll on case workers.

3) New regulations and requirements can also make a bad situation worse.

4) Lack of appreciation: Many social workers often feel unappreciated. They

are hardly recognized for their good work and are first to be criticized when

things go wrong. One negative incident can cause an entire organization to

lose its reputation. Many at times, caseworkers feel that even within their

organizations, they are hardly recognized no matter how hard they work.

Management of Burnout

Providing case management services is a complex, demanding and

emotionally draining job. To improve the efficiency of the case worker, a support

system needs to be put in place. This provide opportunities for debriefing,

mentorship, coaching, training and other relevant support to enable the case

worker deal with issues that might interfere with their performance. There are a

number of actions case managers and caseworkers can do to manage

burnout:

1) Supervision

2) Counseling

3) Mentorship

4) Coaching

5) Site supervision

6) Team building

7) Exchange programmes

8) Manage your time

9) Delegation

10) exercise regularly

11) Work with a focus

12) Manage stress

The following issues should be tackled when managing burnout using the above

mentioned strategies:

1) Identify the cause of the burnout

2) Maintain work-life balance

3) Get peer support

4) AMaintain healthy boundaries with clients

5) Reinforce realistic expectations

a. Safety of Case Worker

Case Workers render services in an increasingly complex, dynamic social

environment. It is unfortunate that the very people case worker tend to work

with and assist can be the same ones contributing to an increasingly

unpredictable and most cases are potentially volatile and confrontation may

arise. Case workers have been the targets of verbal and physical assaults

especially during field visits. It should be noted that most families and clients,

Case Workers serve do not present or pose any danger. There are nevertheless

social work settings where case workers may face increased risks of violence.

Rescuing a child in a violence prone environment places a case worker’s life at

stake.

Case Workers are encouraged to report any concerns regarding their personal

safety or even request for assistance where they feel threatened. They should be

encouraged to do so without fear of retaliation, blame or questioning on their

competency by their colleagues or supervisors.

It is important to work as a team by involving the children officers and law

enforcement agencies in the whole process so that if difficulties, threats and

volatile situations occur during investigation the safety of the case worker is

guaranteed.

To avoid stereotyping particular group of people and to promote safety, case

workers and managers should practice safety assessment and risk reduction with

all clients and in all settings. They should have a thorough understanding of all

risk factors; be they individual or environmental. They should also be wary of

potential dangers posed by exposing their personal information on the social

media.

Agencies are encouraged to establish specific policies to reduce harm to case

workers. For example, the presence of law enforcement personnel each time a

child is being rescued. Agencies are further urged to establish and maintain an

organizational culture that promotes safety and security for their employees.

Case Workers’ should work in environments that promote their safety and that of

their clients. Their offices environment should be ones that promote and

encourage safe practices.

Checklist item for Preventive Measures for Case Worker Safety

1) Always be sure that the office or other stakeholders/case management

team is aware of the planned home visit.

2) Be accompanied by police when necessary.

3) Observe each person in and around the area closely and watch for signs

that may indicate any personal safety concerns

4) Learn the layout of the immediate area around the home and the usual

types of activities that occur there to provide a baseline from which to judge

potential danger

5) Avoid dangerous or unfamiliar areas at night

6) Learn the safest route to the family’s home. Be sure the car is in good working

order, and park in a way for quick escape, if necessary.

7) Have a cell phone

8) Assess whether it is safe to accept refreshments. Learn how to decline offers

of food or other refreshments tactfully.

9) Have job identification card

10) A case worker should have a life insurance

Case Worker Safety Checklist

1) Is the rescue/home/community environment hostile?

2) Does the situation involve physical or sexual abuse or a death?

3) Are the family members exhibiting behaviors that indicate mental illness?

4) Are the family members abusing or selling substances of abuse e.g. illicit

drugs?

5) Are the parents or caregivers involved in ritualistic abuse or cult practices?

6) Does the situation present life-threatening/danger or possibility of serious

injuries to the child?

7) Is the family’s geographic location potentially dangerous?

8) Does anyone in the home have a previous history of violence or multiple

referrals?

9) Have there been previous involuntary removals of family members?

CHAPTER SEVEN: STANDARDS OF OPERATION IN CASE MANAGEMENT

Child protection actors should adhere to the following standards in case

management.

Standard 1: Ethics and Values

The case worker shall adhere to and promote the ethics and values borrowed

from the social work profession as guide to ethical decision making in case

management practice. Example of values include; Service, Social justice,

Human dignity and worth, Importance of human relationship, Integrity,

confidentiality and Competence.

Standard 2: Knowledge

The case worker should be conversant with international and local laws, policies,

regulations, rules, procedures and minimum standards in child protection. They –

should also have knowledge on evidence-informed practice, evaluation

methods, and research relevant to case management and the population

served and shall use such information to ensure the quality of case

management practice.

Standard 3: Qualifications and recruitment

Minimum levels of qualification will be established for professionals in contact

with children including children’s officers, social workers, medical officers and

legal officers. For positions involving direct contact with children, officers must

have relevant child care, psychological or social qualifications and shall possess

the skills and professional experience necessary to practice case management,

such as counselling, interviewing, communication skills.

Thorough recruitment process which use careful interviewing, criminal disclosure,

reference qualification and identity checking must be in place. Informal actors

such as paralegals, parent educators, Child Protection Volunteers (CPVs),

Nyumba Kumi, and community health workers shall also undergo minimum

prescribed trainings before engagement.

Standard 4: Organizational child protection policies

Organizations providing services to children shall prove their commitment to

upholding child protection standards by developing child protection policies. A

Child protection policy prescribes the code of conduct and provides a

framework for dealing with allegations, suspicions and abuse at institutional and

organizational level. Organization staff and their associates, whether in direct or

indirect contact with children, shall be issued with a copy of the child protection

policy. They shall sign a statement of commitment to child protection policy.

These shall include police officers, teachers, doctors and nurses, all other state

and non-state actors (NGOs, CBOs, faith Based Organizations) coming into

contact with children in the line of their duty.

Standard 5: Quality service delivery

Quality service delivery by all actors is very important. Therefore, all formal and

informal actors shall follow standards/guidelines and regulations to guide their

work and actions. This will ensure that all child protection actors handle cases

adequately and in an appropriate manner.

Standard 6: Accountability

The Department of Children’s Services shall provide a supervisory structure to

ensure that individual actors meet the minimum standards for an effective

accountable mechanism within the child protection system.

This involves mechanisms to acknowledge the compliance of actors to the set

minimum standards, as well as their suitability to provide services for children.

Review meetings shall be held quarterly at every administrative level (National,

county, sub-county, wards and location) to review how the service providers are

applying the guidelines. Support shall be provided for actors within the system

who do not meet the required standards and accreditation. In extreme cases of

non-compliance, the organization shall be disqualified from offering services as

case workers.

Standard 7: Respect for diversity

The case worker shall provide and facilitate access to services without

discrimination and with respect to diversity. Such diversity includes, but is not

limited to, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic class, gender, nationality, religion,

age, health and family status.

Standard 8: Case Planning, Implementation and Monitoring

The case worker shall take into consideration the child’s ability in the process of

planning, implementing, monitoring, and reviewing individualized services that

promote the child’s strengths, and well-being. The case worker, shall, and

considering family ability ,depending on a child’s age and ability, determine the

child’s involvement level in case planning, implementation and monitoring. The

case worker shall protect the rights of the child and promote the child’s access

to resources and support services.

Standard 9: Networking and Linkages

The case worker shall promote collaboration among colleagues and

organizations to enhance service delivery and facilitate client goal attainment.

Standard 10: Record Keeping and Management

The case worker shall document all case management activities in the

appropriate child’s file in a timely manner. Case work documentation shall be

recorded on paper or electronically and shall be completed, maintained,

secured and shared in accordance with regulatory requirements. A case worker

shall provide a duplicate of the child’s file to the Case Manager.

Standard 11: Workload Sustainability

Organizations’ shall allocate case workers caseload and scope of work that

permit high-quality planning, provision and evaluation of case management

services.

Standard 12: Professional Development and Competence

Organizations should encourage and support case workers’ participation in

professional development. The case worker shall assume personal responsibility

for her or his competence.

Checklist 1: Ability for an organization to provide Quality Service as Case

Workers.

1) What are you providing? (Define the service)

2) To whom are you providing the service? (Define your target audience)

3) How are you providing it? (Strategy & intervention, Timing, Cost, follow up)

4) How did you come to know that what you are providing is what is needed?

(Have you done an assessment?)

5) Have you made a measurable difference in the life of the child? (Outcomes/

Impact)

CHAPTER EIGHT: CASE MANAGEMENT FORMS

1. Case Record Sheet

To be filled when a case is reported to the Department of Children Services, Children Officers

A copy of the document will remain with the child protection actor who was involved in case

intake process

MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL PROYTECTION

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES

CASE RECORD SHEET – A

This form to be filled whenever a child protection issue is brought before a child protection office, institution or facility

County……………………….…Sub county……………………………………...

Case Serial No:

Date of

Contact

Reporting:

Address/email

Case Reported by

Relationship

Telephone:

(Name):

to Child:

PERSONAL DETAILS OF THE CHILD

Name of Child:

First Name

Middle Name

Last Name

Date of

dd/mm/yyyy

Sex:

Male [1]

Female [2]

Birth:

Child in School:

Yes/No

Name of

Class:

Category of the

Formal [1]

Informal [2]

School:

school

Tribe/Ethnicity:

Name(s) of closest

Religion:

Protestant [1]

Muslim [2]

Catholic [3]

Other [4]

friends of the child

Mental Condition

Normal [1]

Challenged [2]

Physical Condition

Normal [1]

Challenged [2]

Other Medical Condition

Normal [1]

Chronic [2]

Hobbies:

Sports [1]

Movies [2]

Music [3]

Dancing [4]

Reading [5]

Child has birth certificate

Yes [1]

NO [2]

Refer to CRD

SIBLINGS

No.

Name

D.O.B.

Sex

Name of School

Class

Remarks

(dd/mm/yyyy)

(F or M)

(dd/mm/yyyy)

(F or M)

(dd/mm/yyyy)

(F or M)

(dd/mm/yyyy)

(F or M)

(dd/mm/yyyy)

(F or M)

HOME PARTICULARS OF THE CHILD

County:

EgKisii

Sub-County:

Gucha

Village/Estate:

Sameta

Ward:

Nearest Land

mark

Family Status

Parents living together [1]

Parents not living together [2]

Household Economic Status

Low income [1]

Middle Income [2]

High Income [3]

PARENTS PARTICULARS

Name

Sex

Relationship

ID No.

Date of Birth

Telephone

Village/Estate

Occupation

Education

Alive

Father

dd/mm/yy

Yes/No

Mother

dd/mm/yy

Yes/No

CAREGIVER’S PARTICULARS

Relationship:

Foster Parent

Guardian

Next of Kin

select as appropriate

Name

Sex

ID No.

Date of Birth

Telephone

Village/Estate

Occupation

Education

Source of Information relatives/teachers

Indicate highest level of education attained

CASE HISTORY OF THE CHILD

Date of

mm/dd/yyyy

Place of Event/incident

e.g. Lukenya, Athi River at the Uncle’s House

Event/incident

Alleged

Perpetrator/

Name

Relationship to Child

Offender

Case Category:

e.g. Neglect

Specific issue

Denied education or medical care (e.g. For

Neglect)

about the case

Nature of Case

One-off event [1]

Chronic/On-going event [2]

Risk Level:

Low [1]

Medium [2]

High [3]

Needs of the Child:

Immediate

needs

Long-term

needs

Action Taken

(Intervention)

State Agency: (specify)

Reason for referral

Referral to:

Non-State Actors:

Reason for referral

(specify)

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE BASED ON THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD (BIC)

Name of Officer

Signature

Designation

Date

FOLLOW–UP INFORMATION (INDICATE INFORMATION ON ANY PROGRESS OR FURTHER

INTERVENTION GIVEN)

Date

Follow-up Status

Comment

Officer

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

Name:

Designation:

Signature:

2. Case Referral Form

MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’SSERVICES

FORM FOR CASE REFERRAL TO OTHER AGENCIES/SERVICE PROVIDERS, CHILDREN’S

INSTITUTIONS, CPVs AND OTHER OFFICES

COUNTY……………………………………………..SUB COUNTY…………………………….

Name of the referring

officer………………………………….Designation………………..

Contact of the referring officer…………………………….date of

referral……………….

FROM: Name of referring organization……………………………………………………

TO: Name of the receiving organization…………………………………………………..

I. PARTICULARS OF THE CHILD/CHILDREN

NAME AGE SEX SCHOOL/CLASS CASE NO

1. ……………………………………………. ……. ……. ………………… ………….

2. ……………………………………………. ……. ……. ………………… ………….

3. ……………………………………………. ……. ……. ………………… …………..

4. ……………………………………………. ……. ……. ………………… …………..

II. REASON FOR REFERRAL(tick appropriately)

1. By Court Orders 2. Supervision 3. Social protection support: (i)

Transportation Assistance (ii) Food Assistance iii) Grant Preparation (iv) Reintegration

4. Education: (I) Bursary or other financial or material support (ii) Vocational training

(iii) Early Childhood Development (IV) Support to return to school / homework support

5. Health support: (i) HIV-related care and support (ii) Reproductive health / sexual

Health services (iii) Nutritional support (iv) Support related to primary care (v)

Disability

Support (vi) Mental health support (vii) Psychiatric Services (viii) Substance abuse

services (ix) Psychosocial support /counselling (x) Support group

6. Legal advice :( i) Birth registration / civil registration

7. Others (specify)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

III. DOCUMENTS ATTACHED

1. Case Record Sheet

2. Written promise

3. Social Inquiry Report

4. Any other document e.g. Medical Report/ Birth Certificate/Report book

5. Court Order

6. Individual Treatment Plan/care plan

7. Monthly progress report.

NAME OF REFERRING OFFICER: ……………………DESIGNATION……………………

Tel.................................Date................................................Sign.................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

FEEDBACK FORM

CHILD RECEIVED BY:

NAME OF RECEIVING OFFICER………………………...DESIGNATION…………………….

Tel…………………………….date……………………………sign…………..........................

SERVICES OFFERED............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fill in triplicate. Original (Agency). Copy (Children Officer) The feedback form to

be returned to the referring agency and the receiver retain a copy.

3. National Child Assessment Form

MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR CHILDREN’S SERVICES

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES

Attach 1 additional

photo here.

Physical Appearance:

Height: Weight:

Complexion Color:

Body Makeup:

Scars and other

Marks:

Tattoos:

Child’s Case Number: _________________ Child referred from: ___________________

PHOTOS)

In Black & White,

Paste 1 photo here,

PART I: SOCIAL HISTORY

A. CHILD PROFILE

Child’s name_____________________________________________ Nickname_____________

Date of Birth_______________________________________ Age ___________ Sex: [ ] M [ ] F

School Attending ______________________________________ Class/Form ______________

Status (please check one): Double orphan { } single orphan { } Abandoned { } Separated { }

Place of birth: County: ______________Sub County __________________

Location…………………… Sub Location _________________ Village ___________________________

Nationality: __________________________ Ethnicity: __________________________________

Language(s): ____________________________________________________________________

Current Location of child:

Type of place (please check one):

☐

Living with parents/family

☐

Living with kin

☐

Living with foster family

☐

Child headed household

☐

Children’s home/residential care

☐

Safe home/transit center

☐

Specialized home

☐

Adoption agency/transition home

☐

Private home

☐Living on the street ☐Other

Person in charge(parent/ guardian): ____________________Contact information: __________________________

Location/address: ______________________________________________________________

Special Caution

□ Suicidal □ Disobedience

□ Sexual Behavior □ Intimidating Others

□ Medical condition (□ Mental, □ Physical)

□ Drug Problem

□ Others (

B. FAMILY HISTORY (BIOLOGICAL PARENTS)

Biological parents

Father’s name _________________________________________________________________

Date of birth: _________________________ Nationality: ______________________________

Place of birth: County: _____________ Sub County _________________

Location _____________________ Sub Location _____________________ Village ____________________

Occupation_________________________ Level of education: ___________________________

Religion: _____________________________

Status (check one): { } Living { } Deceased { } Missing { } Unknown

Current or last known location/address:_____________________________________________

____________________________..................................................................................................

Contact___________________________

Mother’s name_________________________________________________________________

Date of birth: _______________________ Nationality: _________________________________

Place of birth: County ____________ Sub County_____________ Location ___________________ Sub County

________________Village _______________________

Occupation_______

.0__________________ Level of education: ___________________________

Religion: _____________________________

Status (check one): { } Living { } Deceased { } Missing { } Unknown

Current or last known location/address: ____________________________________________

__________________________________ Contact:_____________________________

SIBLINGS AND OTHER RELATIVES

SIBLINGS

Relationship

Name

Sex

Age

Status

Occupation

Last address(full details)

Are any siblings currently living in the same place as the child? YES/ NO

If yes, please provide the name(s): __________________________________________________

C) FAMILY HISTORY: OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS

Name

Relation

Address/contact

Occupation

Condition of relationship /comments

Checklist Concerning Parents/Guardian

□ History of Criminal Offence (s)

□ Uncooperative Parents

□ Mentally Ill Family Members

□ Emotional Distress/Psychiatric Disorders

□ Cultural/Tribal Issues

□ Conflict within Family

□ Drug/Alcohol Abuse

□ Abusive Father

□ Hereditary Problems

□ Marital Conflict

□ Abusive Mother

□ Passed away

□ Financial/Accommodation Problems

□ Significant Family Trauma

□ Others ( )

Situation of Neighbourhood:

PART II: REASONS FOR CHILD’S SEPARATION OR LIVING IN ALTERNATIVE CARE

(For this section, interview the person in charge and/or the caregiver)

Date that the child entered current placement (DD/MM/YYYY): ____________________

Reason for placement: _______________________________________________________

Who brought the child in care? ___________________ Relation to the child: _______________

Contact number: _______________Address/Location___________________________________

Person currently caring for child (if other than person in charge): _________________________

Relation to child: _______________________________________________________________

How long has the child been in your care? ___________________________________________

What is the last known location of the child with his/her biological parents?

________________________________________________________________________________________

Please provide a brief description of the circumstances of the child’s separation from his/her biological parents,

relatives or caretaker:

________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

PART IV:CHILD ASSESSMENT(ASSESSING ALL THE DIMENSIONS OF CHILD WELBEING)

What is the reason for conducting the assessment?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Other contacts made in the community with dates on which the assessment is based

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………..…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

DIMENSIONS OF CHILD WELLBEING

1.FOOD AND NUTRITION

Does the child and members of his/her household food secure and enjoying good and regular nutrition, adequate

for normal growth and

development?................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

2.SHELTER AND CARE

Does the child live in a safe, clean shelter and in a healthy family environment or an alternative care situation that

provides adult care and supervision, which ensures the child’s well being and the provision of basic necessities

3. EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING

Is the child currently in school?

Provide information about educational attainment and

learning of the child – attendance, achievement, reports,

view of teacher (it is vital to contact the child’s teacher for

this information):

4. HEALTH: MEDICAL HISTORY AND GENERAL HEALTH OF THE CHILD

IMUNIZATION

TYPE

RECORD DATES HERE

DPT (6, 10, 14 weeks)

OPT (birth, 6, 10, 14 weeks)

Measles (9 months, 15

months or older

Hib (6, 10, 14 weeks)

Hep A/B (6, 10, 14 weeks

BCG (birth)

Yellow fever (9 months or

older

Other:

Worm treatment

QUESTION

YES

IF YES EXPLAIN

Does the child have any serious

medical problems?

Does the child take any

medication?

Does the child have any

special needs?

Does the child have any known

allergies?

Has the child been involved in

any serious accidents

Has the child contracted any

diseases

Has the child undergone any

serious medical procedures

Does the child have any

mental health issues?

Does the child have any

physical

disabilities/distinguishingcharac

teristics?

Has the child been

hospitalized?

Development

Is the child reaching his/her developmental milestones? Is he/or she walking, speaking, developing self-help skills

appropriate for his/her age? Does he/she present with cognitive development appropriate for age?

5. PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT

Social history

Describe the child’s social world outside the home, e.g., friends, relationships with teachers, pastor, or other non-

family member adults; interests and activities. Any significant recent changes?

Behaviour

Is the child’s behaviour appropriate? Does he or she present with aggressive behaviour? Appear withdrawn? Exhibit

risk taking behaviour? Any recent significant behaviour changes?

Has the child a stable and affectionate relationship with

parents or caregivers, good relationships with siblings?

Comments:

Is the child able to care forhim/herself?

Additional medical information:

Comments on child’s practical competencies,

degree of independence:

Other organizations

List the name and purpose of any other organization that is already

involved in providing services to the child or family,

6. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC STRENGTHENING (HES)

Does the household where the child resides in need of increased and sustainable income and other resources to

meet their basic needs and ensure the wellbeing of the child and other

siblings…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. PROTECTION

Is there evidence that the child has suffered harm or is likely to suffer

harm, neglect .abuse and exploitation

If yes, please state the evidence

Is the child in contact with law enforcement officials (i.e. police)?

If yes, what are the reasons for the child

being in contact with law enforcement

8. COORDINATION OF CARE

PART III

REFERRAL

Name and contact of

the referee

Organization/Institution

Date of referral

Reason for referral.

Dates when information was gathered from all contacts

Date &

Time

Details of visit

Name/Signature

(of primary person

interviewed

Home

Particulars

County

Away from home

(Usual

residence/sleeping

place)

Sub county

Division

Location

Sub-location

Others

Village

Periods residing at the above places before referral

9. SOCIAL PROTECTION

Is the household in need of social transfers to care ,protect and support the child and others

siblings..............................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................

V. CONCLUSIONS, DECISIONS & ACTION

NB. Now the assessment is completed you need to record conclusions & decisions. Work with the child or young

person and/or parent/carer.

People present at assessment decision--‐making

,,…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

● What are the challenges that need to be overcome for this child to continue to live with

His/her family or to a relative?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………….

● Will the child be at risk of serious harm if he/she continues to live with the parents or family? If yes please

describe and provide

evidence………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

● What do you see as the necessary support services and or material support that would enable the child to

continue to live in the family or to be reintegrated with his/her family if she/he is living apart from the

family?..............................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................

Childs comments on the assessment;

Does the child want to add anything about his or her hopes, dreams and aspirations or general information relevant

to the assessment?

● What course of action do the parents and/or relatives

favour?.............................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................

● If there are no living parents, the child is at risk of harm by living with his/her parents or the family is not ready to care

for the child in the interim, what form of care is going to be best for the child? Give reasons and note the length of

the placement period.

What needs to change so that the case can be closed? Describe the desired changes in the child’s situation and

how you will assess that he or she is no longer at risk of harm.

What is the Action Plan? Give reasons why you have chosen that course of action and what

you want it to achieve

Action

By who

Child or young person’s comment and concerns on the assessment and actions identified

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Parent or carer’s comment on the assessment and actions

identified……………………………………………………………………………………………

Signed by Parent/Carer………………………….…………....................... Date ………………

Signed By Person in Charge of Home ……………………………………… Date ………..……

Signed by the Child (where possible)……………………………………… Date ….…………

Name & Signature_______________________ ___________

Social Worker Date

Social Welfare Division

Approved: _____________________________

Social Welfare Supervisor

Sources: Government of Kenya, Department of Children’s Services Minimum Standards for Quality Improvement

of OVC Programmes and Government of Liberia, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Department of Social

Welfare, Child Profile and Child Registration form.

To fill in duplicate (Original for case file), copy for the children officer

7. Case Plan Form

MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR CHILDREN’S SERVICES

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES

SECTION 2: CHILD’S DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS

FOOD AND NUTRITION

GOAL: Child has sufficient food to eat at all times of the year and is growing well compared to others of his/her

age.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SHELTER

GOAL: Child has stable shelter that is adequate, dry and safe.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

CARE

GOAL: Child has at least one adult (aged over 18) who provides consistent care, attention and support.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION

GOAL: Child is safe from any abuse, neglect or exploitation.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

LEGAL PROTECTION

GOAL: Child has access to legal protection services when necessary..

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

WELLNESS

GOAL: Child is physically healthy.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

HEALTH CARE SERVICES

GOAL: Child can access health care services including preventive care and medical treatment when ill.

IDENTIFIEDNEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

EMOTIONAL HEALTH

GOAL: Child is happy and content with a generally positive mood and hopeful outlook.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

GOAL: Child is cooperative and enjoys participating in activities with adults and other children.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

PERFORMANCE

GOAL: Child is progressing well in acquiring knowledge and life skills at home, school, job training and other

appropriate productive activities..

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

EDUCATION AND WORK

GOAL: Child is enrolled at and attends school or vocational skills training or is engaged in age appropriate

play, learning activities or job.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT

GOAL: Child is receiving spiritual nourishment and is growing spiritually.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SECTION 3: PARENTING CAPACITY

BASIC CARE

GOAL: Child’s physical needs are met, including dental and appropriate medical care which includes the

provision of food, drink, warmth, shelter, clean and appropriate clothing and adequate personal hygiene.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SAFETY

GOAL: Child is adequately protected from harm or danger which includes protection from significant harm or

danger, and from contact with unsafe adults/other children and from self-harm.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

EMOTIONAL WARMTH

GOAL: Ensuring the child’s emotional needs are met and giving the child a sense of being specially valued and

a positive sense of own racial and cultural identity.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

STIMULATION

GOAL: Promoting child’s learning and intellectual development through encouragement and cognitive

stimulation and promoting social opportunities.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

GUIDANCE AND BOUNDARIES

GOAL: Enabling the child to regulate their own emotions and behavior.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

STABILITY

GOAL: Providing a sufficiently stable family environment to enable a child to develop and maintain a secure

attachment to the primary caregiver(s) in order to ensure optimal development.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SECTION 4: FAMILY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Family and environmental factors.

IDENTIFIED NEED

PROPOSED INTERVENTION

TIME FRAME

RESOURCES REQUIRED

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

SECTION 5: SUMMARY OF SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED

Types of support/services to be

provided:

What needs to be provided?

Who will provide this service?

Food and nutrition support (food

rations, supplemental foods, etc.)

Shelter and other material support

(house repair, clothes, bedding, etc.)

Care (caregiver has received

training, child placed with family,

etc.)

Protection from abuse

(Education on abuse provided to

child or caregiver, etc.)

Legal support (birth certificate, legal

services, succession plans prepared,

etc.)

Health care services (vaccinations,

medicine, ARV, HIV education, etc.)

Psychosocial support (clubs, group

support, individual child and staff

counselling, etc.)

Educational support (fees waived,

provision of uniforms, school supplies,

etc.)

Livelihood support (vocational

training, microfinance for family,

etc.)

Other

SECTION 6: PLACEMENT OF CHILD

TYPE OF PLACEMENT

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

WHEN

Reunited with biological parents

Guardianship

Foster care

Kinship foster care

Adoption

Notes (can be annexed):

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

Name of officer completing form:…………………………………………………………

Position/title:……………………..................…………Telephone:….………………………

Signature:………………. Date:………………………………

5. Review of Care Plan Form

MINISTRY OF LABOURAND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES

COUNTY: ………………………. SUB COUNTY: ………………….

Child’s name: …………………………………………………….………Case No……………………………

Age:……………………………………....

Gender: ……………………………. Admission number:……………

Caregiver’s name: ………………… Relationship to the child: ………………………………………………

Date: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION 1

CHILD’S DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS:

DOMAIN

IDENTIFIED NEED

ACTION TAKEN

COMMENTS ON CHILD’S PROGRESS

1.Food and nutrition

• Food security

• Nutrition and growth

2.Shelter

3.Care

4.Child protection

• Abuse, exploitation, neglect

5.Health

• Wellness

• Health care services

6.Psychosocial

• Emotional health

• Social behaviour

7.Education and skills training

• Performance

• Education and work

8.Spiritual development

• Legal protection

SECTION 2

PARENTING CAPACITY

TYPE OF PLACEMENT

ACTION TAKEN

COMMENTS ON PROGRESS MADE

Child reunited with biological parent/s

Child given out for guardianship

Child given out for foster care

Child given out for adoption

Other kind of placement

SECTION 3

FAMILY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

SECTION 4

CHILD’S SITUATION (CARE)

DOMAIN

IDENTIFIED NEED

ACTION TAKEN

COMMENTS ON CHILD’S& FAMILY’S PROGRESS

DOMAIN

IDENTIFIED NEED

ACTION TAKEN

COMMENTS ON CHILD’S PROGRESS

Basic care

Safety

Emotional warmth

Stimulation

Guidance and boundaries

Stability

SECTION 5

OTHER SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED

Types of support/services to be provided:

What was

provided?

Who

provided

the

services?

Comments on

impact of the

services on child and

family

Food and nutrition support (food rations, supplemental foods,

etc.)

Shelter and other material support (house repair, clothes,

bedding, etc.)

Care (caregiver received training, child placed with family, etc.)

Protection from abuse (education on abuse provided to child or

caregiver, etc.)

Legal support (birth certificate, legal services, succession plans

prepared, etc.)

Health care services (vaccinations, medicine, ARV, HIV

education, etc.)

Psychosocial support(clubs, life skills training, group support,

individual counselling, etc.)

Educational support (fees waived, provision of uniforms, school

supplies, fees paid etc.)

Livelihood support (vocational training, microfinance support for

family, etc.)

Other

Name of officer completing form……………………Designation…………………………………….

Telephone………………………………………… Signature……………………. Date…………………………

8. After-Care Form

MINISTRY OF LABOURAND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES

Date

Name of case worker

The SCCO addressed

Name of child: Case No: Age:

Name of parent/guardian: Age:

Relationship with guardian:

Occupation of parent/guardian:

100

Date of supervision (After care) :

Period of supervision:

Any other remarks:

7. Case Conferencing Report Form

MINISTRY OF LABOURAND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

CHILDREN’S DEPARTMENT

101

Child’s full name…………………. File Number……………….. Date of case conference ……………………..Type of case

conference ……………………Location of case conference…………………...............Child’s home Children’s Office Other

(specify)…………………………. …….Aim of case conference (e.g. during assessment, routine monitoring, support):

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Names & agencies of all non-family participants:

1…………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………

3…………………………………………………………………………

4………………………………………………………………………..

5…………………………………………………………………………….

Name Agency Names of all family participants (including children): Name Relationship to child:

1……………………………………………………………………………

2……………………………………………………………………………

3………………………………………………………………………….

4………………………………………………………………………….

5………………………………………………………………………….

1. Key Discussion

Points…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………

2. Key outcomes of

meeting:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………

102

3. Any observations on dynamics of meeting:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………….

Did you have the opportunity to speak with the child whose case it is individually? • If yes, what was the outcome of the

discussion?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………..

If not, note date for follow up visit to child…………………………………………………………………… Next case conference or

social worker follow up: Date: ……………………………………………….

Type, location, purpose,

aim:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………….

I, _______________________________________________________ (name of child or parent/ guardian, as appropriate) have read /

been told the key decisions made at this meeting:

Signature………………………………… Date…………………………………….

Case worker signature…………………………………………. Date Reviewed and approved

by:………………………………………………. Official stamp…………….. date………… ………………………………

103

104

8. Case Closure Form

MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

STATE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION

CHILDREN’S DEPARTMENT

Date of completion…………………………………………. Child’s full name……………………………….. File Number……………………………………. Child’s current

address……………………………………………….. Child’s previous address if different from current………………………………………. Case opening

Date…………………………………….. Case closure date……………………………………………… Decision taken for case closure: ………………………………………………………..

1. All or most objectives agreed in the case plan have been met

2. Change in circumstances means child no longer in need of care and protection

3. The child and / or family no longer willing to participate (give details below)

4. The child has moved and case transferred to (note country or sub county, social worker)

5. The child has been lost to follow up (Tick the reason for case closure/transfer appropriately)

Summary from Case worker of reasons for case

closure:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Continued services mention them if any……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

105

People involved in final case closure meeting:

1………………………………………………………………………..relation to the child……………………………………………………….

2…………………………………………………………………………relation to the child………………………………………………………

3………………………………………………………………………..relation to the child………………………………………………………..

4………………………………………………………………………relation to the child…………………………………………………………..

5……………………………………………………………………..relation with the child……………………………………………………….

Child and/or child’s parent/guardian have been involved in decision to close case, or informed of decision if not present: YES / NO Child (TICK YES OR

NO appropriately)

and/or child’s parent/guardian have been informed of where to go in case of further problems and have information about where to go: YES /

NO(TICK YES OR NO appropriately)

I, _______________________________________________________ (name of child or parent/ guardian, as appropriate) have read / been told the

Key decisions made at this meeting: Signature………………………………………. Date…………………………………..

Case worker signature………………………………………… Date…………………………………………… Case Manager Signature…………………………….. Official

Stamp……………………. Date……………………………….

106

9. Child Status Index Tool

DOMAIN

1- FOOD AND NUTRITION

2- SHELTER AND CARE

3- PROTECTION

1A. Food

Security

1B. Nutrition and

Growth

2A. Shelter

2B. Care

3A. Abuse and

Exploitation

3B. Legal

protection

GOAL

Child has

sufficient food

at all times of

the year

Child is grow well

compared to others

of his/ her age in the

community.

Child has stable

shelter that is

adequate, dry and

safe.

Child has at least

one adult (age

18 or over) who

provides

consistent care,

attention and

support.

child is safe

from any abuse,

neglect, or

exploitation.

Child has access

to legal

protection

services as

needed.

Good = 4

Child is well

fed, eats

regularly.

Child is well grown

with good height,

weight and energy

level for his/her age.

Child lives in a place

that is adequate, dry

and safe.

Child has primary

adult caregiver

who is involved in

his/her life and

who protects

and nurtures

him/her.

Child does not

seem to be

abused,

Neglected, do

inappropriate work,

or be exploited in

other ways.

Child has access

to legal

protection as

needed.

Fair = 3

Child has

enough to eat

some

of the time,

depending on

season or

food supply.

Child seems to be

growing well but is

less active compared

to others of

same age in

community.

Child lives in a place

that needs some

repairs but is fairly

adequate, dry, and

safe.

Child has

an adult that

provides care

but who is limited

by illness, age,

or seems

indifferent to this

There is some

suspicion that child

may be neglected,

over-worked,

not treated well, or

otherwise

maltreated.

Child has no

access to legal

protection

services, but

no protection is

needed at this

time.

107

child.

Bad = 2

Child

frequently has

less food

to eat than

needed,

complains of

hunger.

Child has low weight,

looks shorter and/or

is less energetic

compared to others

of same age in the

community.

Child lives in a place

that needs major

repairs, is

overcrowded,

inadequate and/or

does not protect

him/her from

weather.

Child has no

consistent adult

in his/her life that

provides love,

attention, and

support.

Child is neglected,

given

inappropriate work

for his

or her age, or is

clearly not treated

well in household or

institution.

Child has no

access to any

legal protection

services and may

be at risk of

exploitation.

Very

Bad=1

Child rarely

has food to

eat and goes

to bed hungry

most nights.

Child has very low

weight (wasted) or

is too short (stunted)

for his/her age

(malnourished).

Child has no stable,

adequate, or safe

place to live.

Child is

completely

without the care

of an adult and

must fend for him

or herself

or lives in a child-

headed

household.

Child is abused,

sexually or

physically, and/ or

is being subjected

to child labor

or otherwise

exploited.

Child has no

access to legal

protection

services and

is being legally

exploited.

DOMAIN

4-HEALTH

5-PSYCHOSOCIAL

6-EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING

4A. Wellness

4B. Health

Care

Services

5A. Emotional

Health

5B. Social

Behavior

6A.

Performance

6B. Education

and Work

108

GOAL

Child is

physically

healthy.

Child can

access health

care services,

including

medical

treatment

when ill and

preventive

care.

Child is happy

and content

with a

generally

positive mood

and hopeful

outlook.

child is

cooperative

and enjoys

participating in

activities

with adults and

other children.

Child is

progressing

well in

acquiring

knowledge

and life skills

and home,

school

job training or

an age-

appropriate

productive

activity.

Child is enrolled

and attends

school or skills

training or is

engaged in

age-appropriate

play, learning

activity, or job.

Good = 4

In past

month, child

has been

healthy and

active, with

no fever,

diarrhoea,

or other

illnesses.

Child has

received all or

almost all

necessary

health care

treatment and

preventive

services.

Child seems

happy, hopeful

and content.

Child likes to

play with peers

and

participates in

group or family

activities.

Child is

learning well,

developing life

skills, and

progressing

as expected

by caregivers,

teachers, or

other leaders.

Child is enrolled

in and attending

school/training

regularly.

Infants or

preschoolers

play with

caregiver.

Older child has

appropriate job.

109

Fair = 3

In past

month, child

was ill

And less

active for a

few days (1

to 3 days),

but he/she

participated

in some

activities.

Child received

medical

treatment

When ill, but

some health

services (e.g.

immunization)

are not

received.

Child is mostly

happy but

occasionally

he/ she is

anxious, or

withdrawn.

Infant may be

crying, irritable,

or not sleeping

well some of

the time.

Child has

minor problems

getting along

with others

and argues or

gets into fights

sometimes.

Child is

learning well

and

developing

Life skills

moderately

well, but

caregivers,

teachers, or

other leaders

have some

concerns

about

progress.

Child enrolled in

school/training

but attends

irregularly

or shows up

inconsistently for

productive

activity/job.

Younger child

played with

sometimes but

not daily.

Bad = 2

In past

month, child

was often

(more than

3 days) too

ill for school,

work or play.

Child only

sometimes or

inconsistently

receives

needed health

care services

(treatment or

preventive).

Child is often

withdrawn,

irritable,

anxious,

unhappy, or

sad. Infant

may cry

frequently

or often be

inactive.

Child is

disobedient to

adults and

frequently does

not interact

Well with peers,

guardian, or

others at home

or school.

Child is

learning and

gaining skills

poorly or falling

behind, Infant

and preschool

child is gaining

skills more

slowly

Than peers.

Child enrolled in

school or has a

job but he/she

rarely attends.

Infant of

preschool child is

rarely played

with.

110

Very Bad=

In past

month, child

has

been ill most

of the time

(chronically

ill).

Child rarely or

never receives

the necessary

health care

services.

Child seems

hopeless, sad,

withdrawn,

wishes could

die, or wants to

be left alone.

Infant may

refuse to eat,

sleep poorly, or

cry a lot.

Child has

behavioral

problems,

including

stealing, early

sexual

Activity, and /

or other risky or

disruptive

behavior.

Child has

serious

problems with

learning and

performing

In life or

developmental

skills.

Child is not

enrolled, not

attending

training, or not

involved in age

appropriate

productive

activity or

Job. Infant or

preschooler is

not played with.

Public Domain: Developed by the support from the U.S President’s Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief through USAID to

MEASURE Evaluation and Duke University. O’Donnell K., Nyangara F., Murphy R., & Nyberg B., 2008

111

10. Case Categories As Captured In the Child Protection Information Management System (CPIMS) (ANNEX A)

No.

Case Category

Definition

Abandonment

A child deserted willingly by a parent, guardian or the person who has actual legal

custody without any regard for the child’s welfare (The Children Act 2001)

Abduction

Any child who by force, inducement, or by any deceitful means is moved from a

place of safety to another where his/her welfare is at risk

Abduction or kidnapping by strangers (from outside the family, natural or legal

guardians) who steal a child for criminal purposes which may include extortion,

illegal adoption, human trafficking& murder

Custody

Custody in respect to a child, means much of the parental rights and duties as

relate

to the possession of the child (The Children Act 2001)

Physical abuse/

Deliberate trauma, physical injury caused by punching, beating, kicking, burning,

Violence

biting or otherwise harming a child which results in injuries such as bruises, broken

bones, burns, cuts etc. (Handbook for Child Protection Practice Report, 2000)

112

Birth Registration

Every child shall have a right to a name and nationality and where a child is

deprived

of his/her identity the Government shall provide appropriate assistance and

protection, with a view to establishing his/her identity.

(The Children Act 2001; Births and Deaths Registration, The Constitution of Kenya,

2010)

Children on the

Street Living Children: children who ran away from their families and live alone on

Streets

the streets.

Street Working Children: children who spend most of their time on the streets,

fending for themselves, but returning home on a regular basis.

Children from Street Families: children who live on the streets with their families

(The State of the World’s Children Report, 2006)

Child labor

Any situation where a child provides labor in exchange for payment and includes—

a) when a child provides labour as an assistant to another person and his labour is

deemed to be the labour of that other person for the purposes of payment;(b)

where a child’s labour is used for gain by any individual or institution whether or not

113

the child benefits directly or indirectly; and c) where there is in existence a contract

for services where the party providing the services is a child whether the person

Using the services does so directly or by an agent. (The Children Act 2001)

Child of imprisoned

A child whose parent(s) are imprisoned (whether a child is either in prison with the

parent(s)

Parent (s) or in the community. (Children of Imprisoned Parents Report, 2011)

Sexual exploitation

It is the involvement of a child in acts of sexual exploitation and abuse through

and abuse

prostitution, inducement or coercion to engage in any sexual activity, and

exposure

to obscene materials (pornography). (The Children Act 2001, Sexual Offences Act,

2006)

114

No.

Case Category

Definition

For purposes of this document it excludes defilement, sexual assault and

sodomy.

10.

Parental child

Removal of a minor from the custody of the child’s natural parent or

guardians

Abduction

without authorization or knowledge of the other parent or guardian

This is when a family relative (usually parents) has unauthorized custody of a

child

without parental agreement and contrary to family law ruling, which largely

removes

the child from care, access and contact of the other parent and family side.

Occurring around parental separation or divorce, such parental or familial

child

abduction may include parental alienation, a form of child abuse seeking to

disconnect a child from targeted parent and denigrated side of family.

(Hague Convention of Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980)

11.

Trafficked child

A recruited, transported, transferred, harbored or receipted child by means

of the

threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, or

115

deception. (NPA for Combating Human Trafficking 2013-2017 )

12.

Child affected

Refers to a child who is suffering with HIV /AIDS or whose parent(s)/

caregivers/ are

HIV/AIDS

Suffering from HIV/AIDS. (Operational- MOH)

13.

Child offender

A minor who commits an offence and is found guilty by a court of law (The

Children

Act 2001)

14.

Disputed

paternity

Disagreement between two parents/ guardians on the biological

relationship

between a child and that of the father (The Children Act 2001)

15.

Defilement

Committing an act which causes penetration with a child (Sexual Offences

Act, 2006)

16.

Child living with

A child with a physical, mental or any other impairment who is significantly

Disability

restricted in his or her ability to perform daily living activities either

"continuously or

periodically for extended periods" and, as a result of these restrictions,

requires

116

assistance with daily living activities.

(Promoting the Rights of Children with Disabilities Report, 2007)

17.

Drug and

substance

A habitual patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the

substance in

Abuse

amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves. (The Alcohol

Drinks

Control Act (2010))

18.

Child

pregnancy

Refers to a girl below the age of 18 conceiving and (having the embryo

developing in

her womb) and carrying the pregnancy. (The Children Act, 2001)

19.

Child marriage

A union/cohabitation/any arrangement made for a man and a woman,

either or

both of whom have not attained the age of eighteen years, whether in a

monogamous or polygamous situation. (The Marriage Act, 2014)

20.

Emotional

abuse

An ongoing emotional maltreatment or emotional neglect of a child also

called

psychological abuse and whichseriously damages a child’s emotional

health and

117

development. It can involve many forms including threats, humiliation and

exposure

to domestic violence;

(Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children

Report,

UNICEF 2014.)

21.

Harmful cultural

Social norms, practices, traditions that are in violation of natural justice and

written

Practice

law.

This refers to all behavior, attitudes and or practices which negatively affect

the

fundamental rights of children, such as their right to life, health, dignity,

education,

and physical integrity. These include Taboo Children

(United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (UNCRC); The

Convention on

the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW);

African

Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC); (The Children Act,

2001)

118

No.

Case Category

Definition

22.

Female Genital

This is a harmful cultural practices, a procedure that intentionally involves partial or

Mutilation

total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital

organ for non-medical reasons. (Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act, 2011);

The Children Act, 2001)

23.

Incest

An indecent act which causes penetration, committed by any male/female with a

male/female child who is to his/her knowledge his/her daughter/son,

granddaughter/grandson, sister/brother, mother/father, niece/nephew, uncle/aunt

or grandmother/grandfather. (Sexual Offences Act, 2006)

24.

Inheritance

An action of passing ownership property or money upon one’s death to his/her

Children (heir) who is entitled to succeed as guided by a will or state law.

(The Law of Succession Act, 1972; Trustees (Perpetual succession Act, 1987))

25.

Internally

displaced

A child who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his/her

Child

Country’s borders.

119

(Prevention, Protection & Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected

Communities, 2012; Great Lakes Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to

IDPs,2006; UN guiding Principles on Internal )

26.

Lost/Lost &

found

This is a child whose whereabouts are unknown to their parents, guardians or legal

Child

custodian.

(The Children Act, 2001)This child can be reported as missing child or a child who has

been found but cannot trace his/her home.

27.

Neglect

It refers to failure a person having parental responsibility, custody, charge or care of

a child to provide adequate food, clothing, education, immunization, shelter and

medical care in a manner likely to cause injury to his health and development.

(The Children Act, 2001)

28.

Orphaned

An orphan is a child whose mother or father or both have died. A vulnerable is a

child below 18yrs currently at high risk of lacking adequate care and protection.

(UNCRC, The Children Act, 2001)

120

29.

Refugee child

A child who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for one of the reasons of

being a refugee.

(Refugee Act, 2006; The Children Act, 2001)

30.

Sexual assault

Refers to unlawful (a) penetration of the genital organs of a child with -any part of

the body of another person or of that person; or an object manipulated by another

or that person except where such penetration is carried out for proper and

professional hygienic or medical purposes; (b) a person’s manipulation any part of

his or her body or the body of another person that causes penetration of the genital

organ into or by any part of the other child’s body.

(Sexual Offences Act, 2006)

31.

Child sodomy

Refers to having a carnal knowledge of any child against the order of nature.(Sexual

Offences Act, 2006)

32.

Child truancy

Refers to a child who stays away from school without a good reason, or is falling into

bad associations. (Sexual Offences Act, 2006)

33.

Child

Refers to a child of a certain age, who has violated a criminal law or engaged in a

121

delinquency

disobedient, indecent or immoral conduct. A delinquent child is usually in need of

rehabilitation. (The Children Act, 2001)

34.

Unlawful

confinement

Unjustly holding of a child in an institution, residence or other against their will

through use of threats, duress, force or deception a) beyond the legally provided

duration, or b) against the best interest of the child. (The Children Act, 2001)

35.

Child headed

Household

This is a family in which a minor (child or adolescent) has become the head of

thehousehold and takes care of all other members are under 18 years. (The ChildrenAct,

2001)

36.

Child

radicalization

This is a process by which a child is indoctrinated to adopt increasingly extreme

social or religious views, ideas, beliefs, practices, attitude and aspirations that reject

or undermine contemporary ideas and expression of freedom of choice which may

negative impact on the child’s growth and development. (The International Centre

for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) – The Hague, 2013)

122

11. Modes of Intervention, Definition, Source and Indicators

No.

Mode of

Intervention

Definition

Adoption

The legal transfer of parental rights and responsibility for a child which is

Permanent

The Adoption Regulations, 2006, Regulations for Charitable Children Institutions

Act, 2005); National AFC Standards, 2015; The children Act, 2001)

Committed to

CCIs

Committing or placement to a home or institution which has been established by

a person, corporate or unincorporated, a religious organization or a non-

governmental organization and has been granted approval by the National

Council of children’s Services (NCCS) to manage a program for the care,

protection, rehabilitation or control of children. (The Children Act, 2001)

Committed to

statutory

Institution

Committing or placement to an institution which has been established by the

government to safeguard and advance the welfare of children and their families.

They provide care, protection, rehabilitation or control of children.

(The Children Act, 2001)

Professional

counselling

A process of assisting and guiding a child by a trained person on a professional

basis to resolve either personal, social or psychological problem and difficulties

(The Children Act, 2001)

123

Family support

Refers to an integrated network of government, community-based resourcesand

services that promotes and protects the health, well-being, rights anddevelopment of all

children and pays special attention to those who arevulnerable or at risk, strengthening

their families and parenting practices. (NGLI-Investing in Families: Supporting Parents to

Improve Outcomes for ChildrenReport, 2013)

Foster care

The placement of a child with a person who is not the child’s parent, relative or

guardian and who is willing to undertake the care and maintenance of that child.

(The Children Act, 2001)

Guardianship

Refers to the legal relationship created when a person or institution

appointment by will or deed by a parent of the child or by an order of the court

to assume parental responsibility for the child upon the death of the parent of

the child either alone or in conjunction with the surviving parent of the child or

the father of a child born out of wedlock who has acquired parental

responsibility for the child in accordance with the provisions of the Children Act.

(The Children Act, 2001

Joint Parental

Agreement

(JPA)

Refers to an agreement entered into by both parents, guardians and any person who

assumes parental responsibility; stipulating parental responsibilities of each party towards

a child. This JPA must be in the format provided in the Children Act. (The Children Act,

2001)

124

No.

Mode of

Intervention

Definition

Judicial orders

The orders that are issued by the court in any proceedings concerning the

well-

being and protection of a child (e.g. Exclusion Order) (The Children Act, 2001)

10.

Legal aid

Refers to the court granting provision of legal representation to a child who is

brought before a court and is unrepresented to access the judicial system.(The

Children Act, 2001)

11.

Child maintenance

Refers to provision of basic necessities (food, clothing, a home, education,

Medical Care) and welfare of children (The Children Act, 2001)

12.

Parents bonded

Refers to bonding of parents by court to exercise proper care and control of

children under their care (Operational)

13.

Placement in

school

Enrolment of children in appropriate educational facilities (Operational)

125

14.

Reunited

Refers to bringing back together a child with the family or guardian or other

persons who assumes parental responsibility in respect to a child after they

have

been separated for some time (The Regulations for Charitable Children

Institutions Act, 2005); National AFC Standards, 2015; The children Act, 2001)

15.

Reconciliation

Refers to mediating of family disputes involving children and their parents,

guardians or other persons who have parental responsibility in respect of the

children, and promote family reconciliation; accept a decision or action set as

condition of reconciliation. (The Children Act, 2001)

16.

Referred to

Court/Khadhi

Passing a child’s matter/case to the Court/Khadhi, for more expertise or

authority for further intervention in the best interest of the child. (The Children

Act, 2001)

17.

Referred to other

Passing a child’s matter/case to Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Police,

Government

agencies

Ministry of Interior & Internal

coordination, Probation, Other Sub-

county children

126

officers, which has more expertise or authority for further intervention in the

best interest of the child. (The Children Act, 2001)

18.

Referred to other

non-

Passing a child’s matter/case to other agencies- INGOs, NGOs, FBOs, CBOs,

who

state agencies

have more expertise or authority for further intervention in the best interest of

the child. (The Children Act, 2001)

19.

Reintegrated

Is the gradual, result oriented and community supervised process of helping a

child adjust, settle and adopt the life in his/her family system.

Child reintegration is the planned, structured and result oriented rehabilitation

program undertaken by the institution to ensure successful placement and

reunification of a child into their family and community or to another family

based on alternative care placements.

(Regulations for Charitable Children Institutions Act, 2005; Alternative Family

Care Standards, 2015)

20.

Repatriated

The process of returning a lost, unaccompanied or run-away child back to the

place of origin after thorough, in-depth analysis of conditions surrounding the

127

family or home or place

(Regulations for Charitable Children Institutions Act, 2005; Alternative Family

Care Standards, 2015)

21.

Release to

parent(s)

Refers to taking a child to a place of safety by an authorized officer without

reference to the court, the parent or guardian or any person who has parental

responsibility in respect of the child may applies for the release of the child

from

the place of safety into his care. (The Children Act, 2001)

22.

Rescue and

placement

Refers to removal of a child from an abusive environment (place/family) and

placing the child in a place of safety awaiting further assistance in the best

interest of the child. (The Children Act, 2001)

No.

Mode of

Intervention

Definition

23.

Supervision with

Court

Overseeing of a child’s rehabilitation by a Children officer or any other

Orders

authorized officer as ordered by a court. (The Children Act, 2001)

128

24.

Supervision Without

Court

Overseeing of a child’s rehabilitation by a Children Officer or any other

Orders

authorized officer in the best interest of the child when the child has not passed

through the juvenile justice system). (The Children Act, 2001)–done to either

child or parent

25.

Written promise

Refers to a commitment by a child to adhere to good morals/behavior and is

supervised by the Children Officer or any authorized officer in the best interest

of the child (Operational)

26.

Release on

revocation of

A child released from a holding centrer before the expiry of an earlier set period,

an order/ Early

Release

triggered by another order revoking the earlier order (The Children Act, 2001)

27.

Release on expiry

of an

A child released at the end of holding or committal period (The Children Act,

Order

2001)

28.

Release on license

A child released temporarily from an institution (on license) (The Children Act,

2001)

129

12. Summary Sheet

County

Period

Sub County

Organization

Case Category

0-5 yrs

6-10 yrs

11-15 yrs

16-18yrs

18+

Boys

Girls

Total

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Abandoned

Abducted

Child Affected by HIV/AIDS

Child Delinquency

Child headed household

Child Labour

Child Marriage

Child of imprisoned parent(s)

Child offender

Child pregnancy

Child radicalization

Child Truancy

Child with disability

Children on the Streets

Custody

Defilement

Disputed paternity

Drug and substance abuse

Emotional abuse

FGM

Harmful cultural practice

130

Incest

Inheritance

Internally displaced child

Lost and found children

Neglect

Orphaned children

Parental Child abduction

Physical Abuse/Violence

Refugee children

Registration

Sexual assault

Sexual Exploitation and abuse

Sodomy

Trafficked child

Unlawful confinement

Total

131

Case Intervention(s)

0-5 yrs

6-10 yrs

11-15 yrs

16-18yrs

18+

Male

Femal

Male

Fema

Male

Fem

ale

Male

Femal

Female

Adoption

Child Maintenance

Committed to CCIs

Committed to Statutory Institution

Family support

Foster care

Guardianship

Joint Parental Agreement (JPA)

Judicial Orders

Legal Aid

Parents Bonded

Placement in school

Professional counseling

Reconciliation

Referred to Court / Khadhi

Referred to other Government

agencies

Referred to other non-state agencies

Reintegration

Release on expiry of an order

Release on license

Release on revocation of an order/

earlier release

Release to Parent(s)

Repatriation

132

Rescue and placement

Reunited

Supervision With Court Orders

Supervision Without Court Orders

Written promise

Diversion

Dropped Out

PENDING

Total

133

13. Other Legal Framework That Support Case Management and Referral Guidelines (ANNEX B)

1) Computer misuse and cybercrime Act 2018

2) Basic education Act (2013)

3) Marriage Act (2014)

4) Borstal institutions Act –cap 92

5) Prison’s Act-cap 94

6) Natural drought management Act (2016)

7) Witness protection Act-cap 79

8) Victim protection Act 2014

9) Law of succession Act- cap 160

10) Probation of Offenders Act –cap 64

14. List of Policies and Guidelines

1) National Standard Operating Procedure for Management of Sexual Violence against Children (2018)

2) County child protection systems guidelines

3) National framework for child protection systems

4) Psychosocial Support Guidelines

5) Safety Standards for Children in Schools in Kenya

134

6) Child Protection Referral Guidelines- Nairobi County

7) Child Participation Guidelines

8) Standards for Children Charitable Institutions

9) Alternative Family Care Guidelines

10) Through care Guidelines 2013

11) Child protection Policy

135

REFERENCES (ANNEX C)

Kenyan Laws and Policies

 Government of Kenya, children ACT, 2001

 Government of Kenya, CCI regulations, 2005

 Government of Kenya, National Standards for Best

Practices in Charitable Children’s Institutions, October

2011

 Government of Kenya National Plan of Action for

orphans and Vulnerable Children 2007-2010

 Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care

(1994

 County Child Protection System Guidelines (2013),

 AAC training Manual

 Guidelines for the formation and operation of Area

Advisory Councils 2006 (Revised 2015)

 National Council for Children Services (2011) ‘The

Framework for the National Child Protection System for

Kenya

 Kenya Ministry of Health, 2009, Trainer’s Manual on

Clinical Care for Survivors of Sexual Violence

International Conventions and Guidelines

 United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child

(UNCRC), I989

Organization of African Unity. African Charter on the Rights

and Welfare of the Child, 1990

Non-Kenyan Laws, Policies and Guidelines

136

 Case management practice within Save the Children

Child Protection Programmes First published 2011

 Step by Step: A Comprehensive Approach to Case

Management Written March, 2011

 Global Social Service Workforce Alliance (2015)

 Tahan, H. M., Watson, A. C., & Sminkey, P. V. (2015).

What case managers should know about their roles

and functions: A national study from the Commission for

Case Manager Certification: Part I. Professional Case

Management, 20(6), 271-296.

 Step by Step: A Comprehensive Approach to Case

Management was written by Kathleen Guarino,

 LMHC, Senior Program Associate, Clinical Design, the National

Center on Family Homelessness.

 De Panfilis, D. & M.K. Salus (2003) ‘Child Protection Services: A

guide for Case Workers’, U.S. Department for Health and

Human Services.

 Child Welfare League of America. (1999). CWLA standards of

excellence for services for abused and neglected children and

their families (Rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Author

 Horejsi, C. (1996). Assessment and case planning in child

protection and foster care services. Englewood, CO: American

Humane Association, Children’s Division.

 Monica L. McCoy, Stefanie M. Keen - 2013 - Psychology

 Child Welfare League of America. (1999). CWLA

standards of excellence for services for abused and

neglected children and their families (Rev. ed.).

 Butt J and Box C (1998) Family Centred. A study of the use of

family centres by black

137

 Families. REU, London, Department of Health (1988) Protecting

Children: A Guide for Social Workers

 Undertaking a Comprehensive Assessment. HMSO, London

 (1999) Working Together to Safeguard Children: A guide to

inter-agency working to

Safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The Stationery

Office, London.

 Department of Health, Framework for the Assessment of

Children in Need and their Families Guidance Notes and

Glossary for: Referral and Initial Information Record, Initial

Assessment Record and Core Assessment Record. The

Stationery Office, London