TEMPLE UNIVERSITY

DISSERTATION AND THESIS HANDBOOK

2020-2021

Table of Contents

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….… 1

General Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...….… 3

E-Dissertation Initiative ……………………………………………………….………………………………………...….…… 4

Deadlines ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 5

Basic Manuscript Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………......… 7

Arrangement of Contents ………………………………………………………………………………..……….…….….…… 10

Preparation of List Materials …………………………………………………………………….…………………...….…… 17

Publishing and Copyrighting ……………………………………………………………………….……………….…...…… 21

Summary Considerations ………………………………………………………………………………...……….……….….. 23

Graduate School Draft Review ……………….……………………………………………………………………....……… 25

Final Checklist …………………………………………………………………..….………………………………….….…..…… 27

Appendices …………………………………………………………….…………….…………………………………..…..……… 28

Introduction

Writing a dissertation or thesis is a time-consuming but supremely rewarding experience. To guide you

through manuscript preparation and to help you create a uniform and visually clear document, the Graduate

School has developed the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

. It is a guide to Temple University's specific

style requirements, which must be followed to receive approval from the Graduate School.

Style Manual

An essential reference tool when writing a dissertation or thesis is a department-approved professional style

manual. You must consult a style manual recognized by a professional society in your field.

To determine which professional style manual is appropriate for your discipline, consult with your advisor.

Common manuals include those published by the American Psychological Association (APA), the

Modern

Language Association (MLA), and the University of Chicago Press. These and other approved style manuals

are listed in Appendix A of the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

Note that the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

is NOT itself a professional style manual. Rather, it is a

guide outlining where your dissertation/thesis might diverge from a discipline's specifications. If a

discrepancy between the instructions in a style manual and those in the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

exists, the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

takes precedence.

Other Sources of Assistance

The Temple University Information Technology Services Department offers training seminars throughout the

year in using word processing and statistical tools for your dissertation or thesis. These seminars provide

the building blocks for crafting your manuscript.

Technical "How do I?" questions should be addressed to the Computer Services Help Desk at 215-204-8000

or help@temple.edu. Another useful resource is LinkedIn Learning

, which offers word processing tutorials.

In addition, the Student Success Center offers writing retreats that are designed to help graduate students

with their writing projects, including dissertations, proposals, and articles for publication. These writing

Temple University requires that your research be made accessible to the academic community at large. This is effected by

publishing your dissertation/thesis through ProQuest and making it available through both ProQuest and Charles Library.

Further, your dissertation/thesis may be accessed via various internet search engines, such as Google.

Making your research accessible to the academic community at large is a condition of Temple University's awarding research

doctorates and master's degrees to those completing a degree that requires a dissertation/thesis as a culminating

experience. Upon request, the Graduate School can embargo your dissertation for one year. A one-year embargo is typically

granted to:

•

Delay disclosure of potentially patentable discoveries and/or products with potential commercialization.

•

Permit technology transfer to occur.

•

Allow time for an article to be accepted for publication and/or a book contract to be executed.

retreats offer intensive and focused writing time, one-on-one mentoring, goal-setting support, fellowship,

and motivation. A nominal fee is charged for each retreat to cover program costs.

Finally, the Temple University Libraries

offer workshops on publishing and copyrighting specifically for

graduate students who are working on their dissertation or thesis. Librarians are also available for one-on-

one consultations.

If questions arise while working on your dissertation or thesis that are not answered in the

Dissertation and

Thesis Handbook

, contact Christa Viola, Coordinator of Graduate Student Services, in the Graduate School

at 215-204-6924 or cviola@temple.edu

General Overview

Visit the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

early and often during the writing process. Do not wait to review

the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

until the term you anticipate graduating or when you have already

scheduled a defense date.

It is NOT recommended that you print a copy of the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

This manual lays out Temple University's requirements for acceptable dissertations and theses. Individual

departments or their schools/colleges may have additional requirements. It is your responsibility to learn of

such special requirements and to prepare your manuscript in accordance with them, as well as with the

instructions in this manual. Dissertations and theses not meeting the specifications of the Graduate School

will not be accepted.

Mechanics

• The scholarly research you have performed and report on in your final manuscript is outside the

scope of the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

. The Graduate School expects that your research

has been reviewed and approved by your advisor and committee before allowing you to defend your

dissertation/thesis or upload a final document.

• Your dissertation/thesis must be legible, and all tables, figures, and illustrations must be of high

quality.

• Your manuscript must be written in clear, grammatically correct language; free of all spelling and

typographical errors; and punctuated in a standard and appropriate manner.

• It is best to NOT reference and model your manuscript after completed dissertations/theses on file

in your department or Charles Library, no matter how recent. Current standards and requirements

are subject to change without notice.

E-Dissertation Initiative

Doctoral dissertation submissions evolved from paper to electronic submission of a PDF with the August

2008 graduation cycle. Submissions of master's theses followed suit with the May 2010 graduation cycle.

Thus, submission of all dissertations and theses is mandatory through Temple University's ETD

Administrator site.

Beginning with the January 2012 graduation cycle, the diploma and publishing fees were eliminated.

Account Access

• Visit Temple University's ETD Administrator site at https://www.etdadmin.com/temple and

bookmark for ease of repeated access.

• Create an account and familiarize yourself with the resources available on the site.

Reminders

• The processing fee for doctoral dissertations and master's theses is currently $50 and must be paid

to the Bursar for posting to FOAPAL 100000 24800 4981 04. It is recommended that doctoral and

master's students take the “Dissertation/Thesis Processing Fee” form, found under Student Tools

on TUportal within “University Forms” at bottom center, to the Bursar's Office when paying the fee.

• If you choose to file for copyright through ProQuest, the fee is currently $75, whether doctoral or

master's. It is payable online through the ETD system.

Important Note

Once the Graduate School has approved a dissertation or thesis submitted through the ETD system, REVISIONS of any kind

are NOT PERMITTED.

• Retain a copy of the final version of your dissertation/thesis, including signature page and

permissions. ProQuest checks every page and frequently finds some pages missing or areas of

potential copyright infringement.

Deadlines

Apply for Graduation

Where?

• Access Self-Service Banner through TUportal.

• Also visit EdPortal if you are a student in the College of Education and Human Development.

When?

• See the University's Academic Calendar or the Graduate School calendar.

Announce Dissertation Defense

How?

• Distribute an executed “Announcement of Dissertation Defense” form, found under Student Tools

on TUportal within “University Forms” at bottom center, to the Graduate School in 501 Carnell Hall

and the dean's office of your school/college.

• Provide all graduate faculty in your program with a flyer.

• Post a flyer on public bulletin boards in and near your department.

• Note that the Graduate School will announce the defense on its Graduate Calendar

web page.

When?

• No later than 10 working days prior to the scheduled defense.

• No later than 14 working days if an external examiner's curriculum vitae (CV) – accompanied by an

executed “Nomination for Service on Doctoral Committee” form – must be reviewed by the Graduate

School.

Submit PDF of Approved Final Version of Dissertation/Thesis

Important Note

No dissertation or thesis may be uploaded to the ETD system until the oral defense has been passed AND all committee-

required revisions have been satisfactorily completed.

Where?

• Upload to Temple University's ETD Administrator site at https://www.etdadmin.com/temple.

Anything else?

• Return the original final signature page of the dissertation/thesis to Christa Viola, Coordinator of

Graduate Student Services, in the Graduate School, 501 Carnell Hall.

• Access, sign, and submit the “Permission to Reproduce Dissertation or Thesis” form, found under

Student Tools on TUportal within “University Forms” at bottom center. This form is required of all

doctoral and master's students who must produce a dissertation or thesis as a culminating

experience to grant Temple University license to reproduce the dissertation/thesis.

• For doctoral students only, submit your CV/résumé at https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

• Complete the Survey of Earned Doctorates online, as delineated in Appendix B, if earning a doctoral

degree.

When?

• Within 30 days post-defense OR by the due date specified below – whichever comes FIRST:

GRADUATION CYCLE

DIPLOMA DATE

DISSERTATION/THESIS DUE DATE*

December 2020

December 17

November 30, 2020

May 2021

May 6

April 19, 2021

August 2021

August 3

July 19, 2021

* Deadlines are firm. If you cannot meet the deadline for a particular graduation cycle, contact your school or

college about applying for the following cycle. Note that graduating is not automatic – you must apply; it is the

same with deferring graduation – you must notify your school/college and comply with its procedures.

Basic Manuscript Preparation

Margins

• Margins are consistently set at 1.5" at LEFT and 1" at RIGHT, TOP, and BOTTOM.

• Margin requirements are the same for the entire manuscript, including front matter, body, notes,

sources, and back matter.

• Page numbers should NOT be set in the margin.

Page Numbering

• Every page of the manuscript is counted, BUT not all pages are numbered (e.g., the Title Page is page

i, but does not show a page number).

• Two page-numbering systems are used, including:

o Consecutive lower-case Roman numerals (e.g., ii, iii, iv, v) for the front matter beginning

with i.

o Consecutive Arabic numbers (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5) for the text and all pages thereafter, beginning

with 1 for the first page of Chapter 1.

• Pages numbered 1a, 1b, and the like are NOT acceptable.

• Page numbers may not be closer than 1" to the edge of any page.

Headings

• Headings differ in appearance based on level of importance, but all headings of the same level

must look the same. See the sample Table of Contents in Appendix C.

• Two formats for headings are accepted by the Graduate School:

o The first is based on APA guidelines, as shown in Appendix D1. This style of heading can be

used regardless of your discipline or style guide.

o The second consists of designating subheadings with numerical prefixes that reflect the

chapter and level of the subheading. This system may be used only by those in the "hard

sciences," such as Engineering and Statistics, as shown in Appendix D2.

• Only major division headings (i.e., Level 1) are totally capitalized.

• The sections of the front matter, each chapter, and the sources section are all major divisions and

begin on a new page. End the previous page with a page break to create a new page for the next

major division.

• Formatting of headings must be consistently correct throughout the entire work, not just in one

chapter. This includes but is not limited to:

o Spacing between headings and text.

o Spacing between text and headings.

o Placement of same level headings (e.g., centered or flush left).

o Appearance of same level headings (e.g., capitalization, italics).

Line Spacing

• Double spacing is used for the:

o Abstract

o Dedication

o Acknowledgments

o Preface

o Body of the manuscript

• Single spacing is used for block quotations, which are indented 1/2" from both the left and right

margins.

• A combination of single and double spacing is used for:

o Table of Contents and Lists of Tables/Figures/Illustrations: Single-space within

subheadings and titles of two or more lines; double-space between individual subheadings

and titles. Align multiple-line subheadings and titles under the first word of the first line.

o Notes: For numbered entries (as opposed to parenthetical entries in APA style), single-

space within entries, and double-space between entries. Each first line must be indented

1/2". If an entry must split across pages, ensure a minimum of two lines of the entry

appears on both pages.

o Bibliography/References Cited: Single-space within entries and double-space between

entries — or double-space within and between entries. The first line begins at the left

margin, and all subsequent turnover lines indent 1/2" — or the first line is indented 1/2",

and all subsequent turnover lines align at the left margin. If an entry must split across

pages, ensure a minimum of two lines of the entry appears on both pages.

• Space between headings and text, text and block quotations, block quotations and text, etc. must

be consistent throughout the manuscript.

• No careless spacing or centered text should be utilized.

Widows and Orphans

• Widows and orphans, which are single lines of text at the top or bottom of a page, are to be

avoided.

o "Widow" is defined as the last line of a paragraph when it is carried over to the top of the

following page away from the rest of the paragraph.

o "Orphan" is defined as the first line of a paragraph when it appears alone at the bottom of a

page.

• Starting a page with the last line of a list is also a widow and must be avoided.

• Ending a page with a subheading is another type of orphan and must be avoided.

Quoted Material

• Long quotations (i.e., quoted material consisting of 40 or more words) are formatted as a free-

standing block of type and must:

o Be single-spaced.

o Be indented 1/2" from the left and right margins.

o Have NO surrounding quotation marks.

o Have the source citation after the ending punctuation of the quoted material.

• Short quotations (i.e., quoted material with fewer than 40 words) are integrated into the text and

distinguished by surrounding the quote in quotation marks. The source citation is placed

after the

ending quotation mark, but

before the ending punctuation of the sentence.

PDF Preparation

File Format

Adobe PDF required. NO compression; NO password protection; NO digital signature. You are responsible for the

appearance of your manuscript in PDF. It will appear and be downloaded exactly as you submit it.

Print Quality

Only black ink is acceptable – and the work must NOT contain touching or discontinuous characters.

Fonts

Embedded Post Script Type 1 fonts REQUIRED. Any legible font except script, italic, or ornamental fonts equivalent

in scale to 10-point Arial or 12-point Times New Roman accepted. Italicized font may be used for non-English

words and quotations. Applies to all text, including captions, footnotes/endnotes, citations, etc.

Color

PDF and print reproductions include all color material in color.

Multimedia Files

For digital preservation, upload multimedia content as supplemental files; do not embed multimedia in a PDF.

Upload supplementary files during online submission – and provide a description of each file in the Abstract of

your manuscript. ProQuest accepts multimedia content in the file types listed below and cannot guarantee that

other file types will be migrated:

• Audio: AIF (.aif); CD-DA; CD-ROM/XA; MIDI (.midi); MPEG-2; SND (.snd); WAV (.wav)

• Images: GIF (.gif); JPEG (.jpeg); TIFF (.tif)

•

Video: Apple Quick Time (.mov); Microsoft Audio Video Interleaved (.avi); MPEG (.mgp)

Arrangement of Contents

Every dissertation and thesis has three main parts: front matter, body, and back matter. Each of the three

chief parts, in turn, consists of multiple sections.

Front Matter

Official Signature Page

Dissertations.

The Graduate School requires submission of one Signature Page with original signatures of

all committee members. When your defense announcement is received and approved, the Graduate School

will create the Signature Page and deliver it to the Chair of your Doctoral Advisory Committee. Note that your

name must appear on your dissertation and all other documents as it appears on your Temple University

transcript. If a name revision is required, make the change in Self-Service Banner or contact the

Office of the

University Registrar.

No changes may be made to the Signature Page created by the Graduate School. Use of Wite-Out, cross-

outs, tape, or the like to make revisions to the page render the Signature Page null and void.

Following your defense, the hard-copy original must be submitted to Christa Viola, Coordinator of Graduate

Student Services, in the Graduate School, 501 Carnell Hall. The Signature Page will NOT be included as part

of the dissertation's PDF.

Theses.

The Graduate School requires submission of one Signature Page with the original signature of your

Thesis Advisor. To create the Signature Page, follow the "script" in Appendix E to fill in the "writable" title

page found under Student Tools on TUportal, adding a signature line beside the Thesis Advisor's

department affiliation. Following your defense, submit the hard-copy original bearing your Thesis Advisor's

signature to Christa Viola, Coordinator of Graduate Student Services, in the Graduate School, 501 Carnell

Hall. Note that the Signature Page will NOT be included as part of the thesis's PDF.

E-Title Page

Dissertations.

The E-Title Page is similar to the official Signature Page with three alterations:

• You generate the E-Title Page.

• Typed names replace signatures of the committee members.

• The E-Title Page is uploaded as part of your PDF.

Theses.

The E-Title Page is similar to the official Signature Page except:

• It bears no signature, only typed names with titles and affiliations.

• It is uploaded as part of your PDF.

Design Instructions.

Access and fill in the Dissertation or Thesis E-Title Page, as relevant.

• Follow the script version in Appendix F for dissertations or Appendix E for theses to ensure proper

formatting and styling, such as bold and caps, on the writable versions of the title pages found

under Student Tools on TUportal.

• Use word substitutes for formulae, symbols, superscripts, Greek letters, etc. in the title. While these

are acceptable within the text of your manuscript, they may not appear in the title because they

cannot be used in computerized keyword searches.

• Indicate the month and year of the official University diploma date — not of your defense and not of

your school/college ceremony. The ONLY options are December, May, or August.

• The Copyright Page is optional and included only if the copyright fee is paid.

• When included, the Copyright Page is the first page on which a page number actually appears. It is

numbered with a small Roman numeral two (ii).

• If included, the notification on the page is centered top to bottom and left to right and should read:

Year of Graduation (e.g., 2020)

Author's Legal Name

• A template for the Copyright Page is included in Appendix G.

Abstract

• The Abstract, which has no set word limit but is an "abstract," should briefly:

o State the problem discussed in the manuscript.

o Describe the research procedures or methodology.

o Summarize major findings and conclusions.

• The Abstract is text only and may NOT contain any other element, such as tables, graphs, charts,

illustrations, subheadings, or reference notes.

• The Abstract is double-spaced.

• Page numbers continue Roman numeral pagination of the front matter.

• A template for the Abstract is included in Appendix G.

Dedication and/or Acknowledgments

• The Dedication and Acknowledgments pages are both optional.

• If one or both pages is included, double spacing is used.

• Page numbers continue Roman numeral pagination of the front matter.

• Templates for the Dedication and Acknowledgments pages are included in Appendix G.

Table of Contents

• "Table of Contents" is a major heading and should be set in that format. Below that, at the right

margin, is the column label "Page." Next, at the left margin, the sections in the manuscript are

listed. Leader dots follow, with respective page numbers listed under the "Page" column header. A

template for the Table of Contents is included in Appendix G.

• Front matter headings, including ABSTRACT, DEDICATION, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, LIST OF TABLES,

LIST OF FIGURES, and/or LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, are listed in the Table of Contents in all capital

letters, at the left margin, if these sections exist in your manuscript. In the Table of Contents, do

NOT include a line entry for the Copyright Page or Table of Contents itself.

• Below the front matter entries, still at far left, is the column label "CHAPTER." Under that, Arabic

chapter numbers and chapter titles in all capital letters are listed. It is not required that

subheadings be listed in the Table of Contents, but if they are, each level of subheading is indented

1/2" from the chapter title or subheading above. Do not list more than three levels of subheading on

the Table of Contents — and if you list a level of heading for one chapter, list that level for every

chapter in which it exists. Remember, this applies to the Table of Contents, not the text.

• Chapter numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) should be uniformly spaced from chapter titles. Chapter titles and

subheadings should be uniformly separated from page numbers. Thus, if a title comes within 1/2"

of its page number, break it into two or more single-spaced lines, aligning turnover lines with the

first word of the title/subheading.

• Back matter headings, including BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES CITED and APPENDICES, are listed in

the Table of Contents in all capital letters and at the left margin. If there is more than one APPENDIX,

each is identified by a capital letter (e.g., A, B, C) assigned according to the order of mention in the

text and aligned at the left margin.

• Do not repeat the column labels of "Page" and/or "CHAPTER" on subsequent pages of the Table of

Contents.

• Page numbers for the Table of Contents continue Roman numeral pagination of the front matter.

List of Tables/Figures/Illustrations

• Separate lists are necessary if there are tables, figures, and/or illustrations in your manuscript.

Depending on the items in your manuscript, you may have a List of Tables, a List of Figures, and a

List of Illustrations — or you may have just one or two. Identify the materials in your

dissertation/thesis and sort them into the appropriate list.

• The titles/captions listed in each list must match exactly the titles/captions in the manuscript. This

includes wording, capitalization, abbreviations, punctuation, and the like. However, do not copy

underlining (except in the case of statistical abbreviations) or

bold to a list. The purpose of these

lists is to allow the reader to locate easily the embedded table, figure, or illustration rather than

have to page through the entire document.

• "Table," "Figure," or "Illustration" must appear as the left column label in its respective list. At right

is the column label "Page." Below, the number and its corresponding title or caption appears. Each

entry's corresponding page number is right-aligned, with leader dots separating title/caption from

page number. If the list breaks onto multiple pages, do not repeat the column labels.

• If a title/caption comes within 1/2" of its page number, break it into two or more single-spaced lines

that align under the first word of the title/caption.

• Each title/caption is double-spaced, except when single spacing is used for turnover lines of long

titles/captions.

• Page numbers for Lists continue Roman numeral pagination of the front matter.

• Templates for the Lists are included in Appendix G.

Body

Chapter Numbers and Titles

• "CHAPTER #" and "CHAPTER TITLE" are normally all caps and centered at the top of a new page.

Arabic numbers – not words, not Roman numerals – designate chapter numbers. Line spacing

should be consistent spacing, whether single or double.

• Other placements and capitalization schemes may be accepted. The key is to be consistent on all

headings with the same level of importance.

Text

• This is the substance of the dissertation/thesis. It includes all chapters and their sections and

subsections, with a corresponding page number in the Table of Contents.

• Page numbers begin with an Arabic number 1 for the first page of Chapter 1 and continue

consecutively.

• A sample first page of a chapter is shown in Appendix H, while a Chapter template is included in

Appendix I.

Notes

• Notes may be substantive or explanatory. Notes may identify sources or indicate keys to reading a

table. Depending on your style manual and the purpose of the notes, they may be called footnotes,

endnotes, notes, general notes, probability notes, etc.

• Regardless of what your notes are called, each entry must have the same format:

o Single- or double-spaced within notes.

o Double spacing between notes.

o Same font as the rest of the text.

o Ideally, same point size as the rest of the text.

o Under no circumstances, smaller than 10 point.

Back Matter

Bibliography/References Cited

• A comprehensive list of sources must be titled either "Bibliography" or "References Cited." A

template for the source list is included in Appendix J.

• All books, articles, or other sources used in the manuscript, either in direct quotation or by

reference, must be listed.

o Citations in the text must correspond to those listed in the comprehensive source list.

o Authors' names must be spelled correctly and, hence, consistently.

o Dates that appear in the text should be the same as those listed in the comprehensive

source list.

• In-text citations, source citations, references, and notes may be ONE of the following:

o Parenthetical author-date, as in the example in the table at the top of the next page.

o Superscripted or bracketed numbers.

o Classic footnotes at the bottom of the page.

o Endnotes at the end of each chapter.

o Endnotes at the end of the entire work.

EXAMPLE OF PARENTHETICAL AUTHOR-DATE APA CITATION

In text

As noted in the research (Huggard, 1998), the goal was...

In Bibliography/Reference Cited

Huggard, C. (1998).

Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone iontophoresis in the

treatment of patellar tendonitis in collegiate athletics: A double-blind

study.

Unpublished master's thesis, Temple University. Philadelphia,

PA.

• Ordering within the list of sources varies by discipline:

o Works in education, the humanities, and the social sciences are alphabetically ordered by

author's family name, which begins each entry.

o Works in the hard sciences are usually ordered numerically.

• Two spacing options exist:

o Single-space within individual entries and double-space between.

o Double-space within and between entries.

• Two indentation options exist:

o With hanging indentation, the first line of every entry is on the left margin and every

turnover line is indented 1/2".

o With paragraph indentation, the first line is indented 1/2" from the left margin and the

turnover lines are at the left margin.

• Page numbers continue consecutive Arabic pagination of the text.

Appendices

• Appendices contain supplementary material or explanatory data too lengthy to be included in the

text or not immediately essential to the reader's understanding of the text. To determine whether

to include material as an Appendix, consider:

o Does the material truly need to be included? That is, does it add to the understanding of

your research?

o Is the author's written permission needed to include it? That is, is it copyrighted?

o Does it fit Temple University's margin, clarity, and type requirements — or do you have to

retype it? For example, letterhead cannot be included without adjustment.

o Have you made reference to the material in the text? No material can be included as an

Appendix if it is not referred to in the text.

• Appendixes are designated by capital letters (e.g., A, B, C); are lettered in the order in which they

are mentioned in the text; and are listed in the Table of Contents as Level 1 headings, fully

CAPITALIZED with their Appendix letter on the left margin directly under the "A" in Appendix. See the

sample Table of Contents in Appendix C.

• Each Appendix is titled with a centered Level 1 heading "APPENDIX ___" followed on the next line by

its title in ALL CAPITAL letters. These are positioned at the top of the first page of each new Appendix

like a Chapter title.

• Original material in an Appendix must be double-spaced and typed the same as all other text.

Copies of correspondence, forms, computer programs, printed questionnaires, surveys, testing

instruments, etc. may be included in their original format ONLY if they adhere to the established

margins (i.e., 1.5" on the left side and 1" on all other sides), print size, and quality specifications. It

is not important that the "original" document be included, but it is important that included

documents be readable. Material that will not fit or is difficult to read must be reduced, recopied,

retyped, or removed. Letterhead must be either cut-and-pasted or retyped.

• Appendices follow the Bibliography/References Cited section.

• Page numbers continue consecutive Arabic pagination of the text. This applies to both new and

previously paginated materials that you include.

• A template for Appendices is included in Appendix K.

Preparation of List Materials

Graphic elements that can be utilized in dissertations and theses include:

• Tables, which organize information into discrete rows and columns.

• Figures, which are other illustrative material, including charts, graphs, diagrams, schematic

illustrations, and the like. Drawings and photographs can be included, if desired.

• Illustrations, which are typically drawings and photographs.

General Style of List Materials

• Font and font size should be consistent between tables/figures/illustrations and the text unless

there is a compelling reason to do otherwise.

• Every table, figure, and illustration must be unique and have its own unique title. That is, each item

may appear only once in your manuscript.

• Tables, figures, and illustrations are integrated into the text:

o An element that is larger than half a page should be placed on a page by itself centered

within the margins on the first page following its first mention in the text.

o An element that is half a page or smaller should be merged onto a page with text and set

off from the text by a double or triple space above and below.

o Each element must appear in its entirety on one page, if it will fit. If it will not, it should

begin at the top of a page and continue on succeeding pages as necessary.

• Do not leave substantial blank space on a page because a graphic element has been mentioned

and will be placed on the following page. Continue the text to the bottom of the page, and then

insert the table/figure/illustration at the top of the next page, resuming the text on that page after

the graphic element.

• Number tables/figures/illustrations sequentially with Arabic numbers throughout the manuscript

(i.e., 1, 2, 3) according to the order in which they appear in your text.

o Begin numbering each different type of graphic element at 1. Thus, you could have a Table

1, Figure 1, and Illustration 1 in your manuscript.

o The only acceptable alternate numbering system is to use both the chapter number and the

number of the graphic element together (e.g., "Table 3-6" [or 3.6] for the sixth table in the

third chapter, "Figure 5-2" [or 5.2] for the second figure in Chapter 5).

o Whichever numbering system you choose for the text must be reflected in the respective

LIST in the front matter. That is, if you choose to include the chapter number in your

numbering system, the "chapter number-graphic element number" must appear in the list.

o Graphic elements may NOT be numbered according to section.

o Graphic elements may not be differentiated with letter suffixes (e.g., Table 6A, Table 6B,

etc.) to indicate a relation between two or more graphics. If the tables/figures/illustrations

are related, then they can be combined into one.

• Any graphic element set up in landscape orientation should be on a page by itself.

o Landscaped materials must be placed reading outward (i.e., with the top of the graphic at

the binding or left side of the page).

o The page number on the landscaped page must, however, have portrait orientation like all

other page numbers.

• Consistency in style, placement, numbering, spacing, and punctuation used for the graphic

elements in your manuscript is key.

Tables

• Data that would require only two or fewer columns and rows in tabular form should be presented in

the text because tables are reserved for more complex data. To present quantitative data clearly and

efficiently, it must be arranged logically:

o Data to be compared must be presented next to one another.

o Statistical information (means, standard deviations, N values) must be presented in

separate parts of the table.

o If possible, canonical forms (ANOVA, regression, correlation) should be used.

• The "Table" feature in your software should be utilized to create tables. If you choose to not use the

"Table" feature, columns should be aligned using tabs, not the space bar and your eye.

• Initial caps, italics, and single spacing are used for the table title. Align the second line of the title

directly under the first word of the title.

• Column headings within the table should be clear and concise. They should not be much wider than

the widest entry in the column.

• All columns must have a heading, even the "stub" column, which customarily lists the major

independent variables in the left-hand column.

• Numerical data should be expressed in a consistent number of decimal places, as determined by

the precision of measurement, within a column. Do not vary the unit of measurement or the number

of decimal places in the same column.

• If a table splits across pages, on the continuation page(s):

o Duplicate the table number, but replace the title with "(continued)".

o Repeat the column headers.

• Consistent spacing should be maintained between the text and the table title and between the end

of the table and the text. Two line spaces above and below are recommended.

• Example of the basic structure of a table in APA style – 6th edition:

• An older style table is acceptable for some disciplines at Temple University, as shown in the

example below. It utilizes:

o Spanner lines, which include a solid horizontal line at the top of the table (a single space

below the title); a solid horizontal line below the column headings; and a solid horizontal

line at the end of the table (a single space above any notes or a triple space above text). If

the table continues to another page, no spanner line appears at the bottom of the

continuing page(s).

o A period, which follows the table number. The table title is set on the same line as the table

number and has no punctuation after it.

• A corresponding LIST OF TABLES must appear in the front matter, showing the table number, its title

exactly as it is typed on the table itself, leader dots, and the number of the page on which the table

appears in your manuscript.

• Tables that appear in an Appendix must be formatted exactly like those in the text – and must be

listed in the LIST OF TABLES in the front matter. Tables in the Appendix should be numbered in the

same style used in the text (i.e., either sequential or with both the Appendix letter-table number).

Figures

• A "caption" is a descriptive title or brief explanation of a figure. It is mandatory and appears BELOW

the figure. The caption is duplicated in the LIST OF FIGURES in the front matter.

• A "legend" is any additional commentary or a more detailed explanation of the figure. It is optional,

follows the caption, and is NOT incorporated into the LIST OF FIGURES.

• Example of a figure:

Figure 1. Logo. One of Temple University's logos circa 2005.

• Do NOT add alpha extensions to a figure's Arabic number to indicate related figures, even if your

discipline's style manual calls for such

• Consistency in capitalization in captions and legends is key.

• With today's computer technology, hand-drawn figures should be the exception, not the rule. If you

are drawing a figure by hand, straight lines must be typed or drawn in black ink with a ruler; words

included in the figure should be typed. Computer-generated figures are acceptable if the print is of

letter quality and large enough to be readable (at least 10-point type).

• A corresponding LIST OF FIGURES must appear in the front matter, showing the figure number, its

caption exactly as it is typed below the figure itself, leader dots, and the number of the page on

which the figure appears in your manuscript.

Illustrations

• Drawings and photographs can be listed in a LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS; included in the LIST OF

FIGURES; or identified in a LIST OF PLATES or, if relevant, a LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS.

• Like tables and other figures, identification in a LIST includes the illustration number, its caption

exactly as it is typed below the illustration itself, leader dots, and the number of the page on which

the illustration appears in your manuscript.

• Consistency in capitalization is key.

Publishing and Copyrighting

Publishing Your Dissertation/Thesis Through ProQuest

"Publishing" is the goal of the online e-dissertation submission process:

• You upload your dissertation/thesis at https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

, Temple University's

ETD Administrator site.

• The Graduate School approves and releases the uploaded PDF to ProQuest, contingent upon receipt

of an executed “Permission to Reproduce Dissertation or Thesis” form, which is found under

Student Tools on TUportal within “University Forms” at bottom center.

• The PDF of your dissertation/thesis is simultaneously delivered to Charles Library.

Again . . .

Temple University requires that your research be made accessible to the academic community at large. This is effected by

publishing your dissertation/thesis through ProQuest and making it available through both ProQuest and Charles Library.

Further, your dissertation/thesis may be accessed via various internet search engines, such as Google.

Making your research accessible to the academic community at large is a condition of Temple University's awarding research

doctorates and master's degrees to those completing a degree that requires a dissertation/thesis as a culminating

experience. You may, however, choose to embargo your dissertation/thesis for a period of one or two years when uploading

your dissertation/thesis to ProQuest. To do so, click on “Publishing Options” under “Submission Steps.” The maximum time

allowable for an embargo is two years. Because publishing your work is required as part of the degree-granting process at

Temple University, a permanent embargo is not permissible.

Copyrighting Your Dissertation/Thesis

It is your decision whether or not to copyright your work. If you choose to copyright your dissertation/thesis,

the copyright fee is paid to ProQuest at our e-dissertation site (https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

). Be sure

to include a Copyright Page with page number "ii" in your dissertation/thesis, as shown in Appendix G.

Including Copyrighted Material in Your Dissertation/Thesis

If you include copyrighted material of any sort in your dissertation/thesis, you MUST obtain the copyright

holder's written permission for its inclusion and subsequent distribution by ProQuest as part of your

dissertation/thesis. A sample copyright permission letter is presented in Appendix L1. If and when

permission is received from the copyright holder, you must include the permission-granting letter in an

Appendix to your dissertation/thesis.

If the copyright owner denies permission, the material may NOT be included in your dissertation/thesis.

Appendix L2 demonstrates the language you should use in your Appendix in lieu of including the

copyrighted material.

Purchasing the right to use an instrument does NOT give you permission to include it in your

dissertation/thesis. In order to include it, you must have written permission expressly stating that the

instrument may be reproduced and distributed by ProQuest as part of your dissertation/thesis. ProQuest

will not publish your work without a permission-granting letter for use of the instrument included in an

Appendix. Reminder: Your work must be published as a condition of your degree being awarded.

You are solely responsible if you violate copyright law; Temple University and ProQuest will not be held

liable. For information on reproducing copyrighted material, please refer to

or Thesis: Ownership, Fair Use, and Your Rights and Responsibilities

by Kenneth D. Crews.

Fee Schedule for Degree Completion

EVENT

EVENT STATUS

PAYEE

FEE

Processing of Dissertation/Thesis

Required

Temple University Bursar's Office

$50.00

Copyrighting

Optional

ProQuest via https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

$75.00

TOTAL

$125.00

Bound Copies of Dissertation/Thesis for Personal Use

Temple University does not provide a binding service. These binderies are recommended:

• PHD Bookbinding

• Smith-Shattuck Bookbinding

• Wert Bookbinding

Summary Considerations

Dissertation/Thesis Preparation

• Was the style manual for your discipline your constant companion during the writing process?

Whether APA, Chicago, MLA, or some other style, the manual should have been used to format your

in-text references and entries for the sources section. Note, however, that spacing and subheading

conventions as outlined in the

Dissertation and Thesis Handbook

take precedence over those of any

style guide.

• Throughout the entire manuscript and in all sections, the MARGINS must be 1.5" on the LEFT and 1"

on the top, bottom, and right. Everything, including page numbers, must be within these margins.

• The TABLE OF CONTENTS must accurately reflect heading levels and their exact wording and

capitalization from the text.

• The TABLE OF CONTENTS and any LISTS must have leader dots with the section's page number set at

the right-hand end of the dots. The page numbers will readily align if a right tab is set at 6".

• FRONT MATTER must be in this order, when included: Copyright, Abstract, Dedication,

Acknowledgments, Table of Contents, Lists. All of these pages are listed on the Table of Contents

along with their page number, except the Copyright Page and Table of Contents.

• Running heads (i.e., headers repeated on consecutive pages) are NOT permitted.

• CHAPTERS are necessary, and each chapter begins a new page. Chapter 1 always begins on page 1.

• A COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF SOURCES, such as "Bibliography" or "References Cited," must be

included after the last chapter. Its format will vary by discipline.

• All CITATIONS mentioned in the text must have a full bibliographic entry in the comprehensive list of

sources. Irretrievable data, such as an oral interview, are excluded.

• If you are ready to submit your manuscript, have you reviewed it as a whole? No discernible

difference should exist between the part that constituted your proposal a few years ago and the

conclusion you wrote this morning. Your dissertation or thesis is a single work that is broken into

chapters that should cohesively contribute to the premise of your document.

Academics

• Doctoral students must complete a minimum of 6 culminating credits of 9994, 9998, and 9999 —

with a minimum of 2 credits in 9999 — AFTER achieving candidacy and BEFORE graduation.

• Registration is required in the academic term of defense/submission, whether Fall, Spring, or

Summer, for both doctoral and master's students.

Graduation

• When the end is in sight, ensure that you have applied for graduation. The deadlines for applying

for graduation for the 2020-2021 academic year are as follows:

o Fall 2020/December 2020 graduation: October 1, 2020

o Spring 2021/May 2021 graduation: February 1, 2021

o Summer 2021/August 2021 graduation: June 1, 2021

• To access the application, go to TUportal and select Self-Service Banner (SSB). When in SSB, select

Student » Student Records » Apply to Graduate. Upon accessing the graduation application, verify

that the correct degree and program are indicated. If the wrong degree or program is listed,

STOP

This will be required if you are applying for a diploma for a degree to which you were not officially

admitted (e.g., admitted to the Ph.D. but picking up an M.A. along the way). Contact your advisor to

submit a Graduate Change of Program Work Flow. When the Registrar confirms via email that the

Change of Program has been completed, return to the SSB graduation application and submit.

• Note that individual schools and colleges may have additional filing requirements. Check with your

dean's office to ensure that all graduation requirements have been satisfied and to learn about

graduation procedures, such as fees, regalia, invitations, and "walking."

• Remember that the dissertation/thesis processing fee is required. This $50 fee must be paid

through the Bursar and applied to FOAPAL 100000 24800 4981 04; it cannot be paid online. A

Treasurer's Receipt must then be presented to the school/college as proof of payment of the

dissertation/thesis processing fee.

Graduate School Draft Review

Reviews of drafts and final copies are limited to oversight of formatting to ensure that all dissertations and

theses meet standards generally expected in an academic manuscript of such magnitude. An appointment

can be scheduled with Christa Viola, Coordinator of Graduate Student Services, at 215-204-6924 or

cviola@temple.edu

Manuscript review by the Graduate School focuses on the items identified below. While meeting these

criteria cannot guarantee approval, disregarding them strongly predicts that revision will be required.

1. Margins are 1.5" at left and 1" at right, top, and bottom.

2. Page numbers are:

 No closer than 1" to any edge of page.

 Small Roman numeral page numbers on all front matter.

 Arabic numbers beginning with page 1 for Chapter 1.

3. Text is double-spaced overall, except where single spacing is more appropriate (e.g., block quotes).

4. On the E-Title Page:

 Diploma date is month and year: month can be only December, May, or August.

 At bottom left, major advisor, then committee members, and their affiliations are listed.

5. Order of sections is as follows:

 E-Title Page bearing names and affiliations of examining committee members

 Copyright

 Abstract

 Dedication

 Acknowledgments

 Table of Contents

 Lists of Tables, Figures, and/or Illustrations: separate, in that order, and with a column of

page numbers on the right-hand side indicating where each item appears in the manuscript

 Chapters

 Notes

 Bibliography/References Cited

 Appendices

6. Minimal front matter components are Abstract and Table of Contents.

7. Tables, figures, illustrations, and chapters are uniquely numbered and identified in the front matter

and in text.

8. Each new chapter starts on a new page.

 Subsections within a chapter are merged in a consistent fashion.

 Subsections can have a different pattern from sub-subsections but not from each other.

9. Comprehensive list of sources must be titled either:

 Bibliography

 References Cited

10. In-text citations, source citations, references, and notes may be ONE of the following:

 Parenthetical author-date

 Superscripted or bracketed numbers

 Classic footnotes at the bottom of the page

 Endnotes at the end of each chapter

 Endnotes at the end of the entire work

11. Ordering within the list of sources varies by discipline:

 Works in education, the humanities, and the social sciences are alphabetically ordered by

author's family name, which begins each entry.

 Works in the hard sciences are usually ordered numerically.

As a final step before bringing your manuscript to the Graduate School for review, look at the document as a

whole. Can you detect any discernible difference between the part that constituted your proposal a few

years ago and the conclusion you wrote this morning? Remember that this is a single work broken into major

sections.

Final Checklist

To complete the degree process, review below the materials required for your level of study. Then download

the appropriate Final Checklist in Appendix M1 (doctoral) or Appendix M2 (master's), recording the date of

submission for each item. Retain a copy for your records, if desired.

Doctoral Students

WHAT?

WHERE?

1. Dissertation, as a PDF with embedded fonts

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

2. Publishing Agreement

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

Survey of Earned Doctorates

• Complete survey if earning a Ph.D. or Ed.D.

• Upload completion certificate

https://sed-ncses.org/

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

4. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or Résumé

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

5. “Permission to Reproduce Dissertation or Thesis” form**

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

“Dissertation/Thesis Processing Fee” form

with $50

processing fee posted to FOAPAL 100000 24800 4981 04

•

Take completed form with fee to Bursar's Office, 1801 N. Broad Street,

1st Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19122

• Upload image of receipt to https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

• Submit paid receipt to school/college when applying for graduation

Final Signature Page, as created by the Graduate School

and delivered to your department for the defense

• Printed on Graduate School letterhead

• Bearing original ink signatures of the entire

Dissertation Examining Committee

• NOT altered in any way

Graduate School, Attn. Christa Viola

1803 N. Broad Street, 501 Carnell Hall

Philadelphia, PA 19122-6095

Master's Students

WHAT?

WHERE?

1. Thesis, as a PDF with embedded fonts

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

2. Publishing Agreement

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

3. “Permission to Reproduce Dissertation or Thesis” form**

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

“Dissertation/Thesis Processing Fee” form

with $50

processing fee posted to FOAPAL 100000 24800 4981 04

•

Take completed form with fee to Bursar's Office, 1801 N. Broad Street,

1st Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19122

• Upload image of receipt to https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

• Submit paid receipt to school/college when applying for graduation

Final E-Title Page, which is formatted as shown in

Appendix E on the writable version available under

Student Tools on TUportal

• Bearing original ink signature of the Thesis Advisor

• Incorrect formatting, typographical errors, and/or

wrong diploma date necessitate creation of a new

hard copy and obtaining your Thesis Advisor's

original ink signature again

https://www.etdadmin.com/temple

Those earning a D.B.A. or D.M.A. should not complete the

Survey of Earned Doctorates

Forms are found in TUportal. Click on the Student Tools tab and scroll to the bottom of the page to “University Forms” in the center column.

Appendices

A – List of Professional Style Guides by Degree Program ……………………………….…….………..……..… 29

B – Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)

• B1 – Web Registration Instructions …………………………………………………………….…..………..… 31

• B2 – Purpose, Use, and Confidentiality ………………………………………….……….……..…………… 32

C – Sample Table of Contents ……………………………….………………………………………….………….………… 34

D – Heading Levels

• D1 – All Disciplines ……………………………….…………………………………………….…..……..….……… 35

• D2 – Hard Sciences Only …………………………………………………………………….…….….…….……… 36

E – Thesis E-Title and Signature Page …………………………………………………….……..….……….…………… 37

F – Dissertation E-Title Page …………………………………………………………………………….….…….…………… 39

G – Front Matter Template ……………………………………………………………………………….………..…………… 41

H – Sample First Page of a Chapter ……………………………………………………………….….…………….……… 42

I – Chapter Template ……………………………….……………………………………………………….…………….……… 43

J – Template for Comprehensive List of Sources …………………………………..…………….….….…………… 44

K – Template for Appendices ………………………………………………………………………..….………….………… 45

L – Use of Copyrighted Material

• L1 – Sample Permission Letter for Inclusion of Copyrighted Material ……….……………….… 46

• L2 – Sample Page for Exclusion of Restricted Copyrighted Material ……….…………………… 47

M – Final Checklist of Materials

• M1 – Dissertation ……………………………….………………………………………………..….………..……… 48

• M2 – Thesis ……………………………….……………………………………………………………..….…………… 49

Appendix A:

LIST OF PROFESSIONAL STYLE GUIDES

BY DEGREE PROGRAM

Links to select style guides for degree programs are provided in the table below. Links for the three most

often used style guides are offered here:

• APA

• Chicago

• MLA

The University Libraries at Temple University also offer Citation Guides for APA, Chicago, and MLA.

Degree Program

Style Guide

African American Studies

APA, Chicago, MLA

Anthropology

AAA

Art History

APA, Chicago, MLA

Biology

CBE, ICMJE (Vancouver Style)

Biomedical Sciences

ICMJE (Vancouver Style)

Business Administration

Accounting

Finance

Human Resource Management

International Business Administration

Management Information Systems

Marketing

Risk Management and Insurance

Strategic Management

Tourism and Sport

APA, Chicago

Chicago

APA, Chicago

APA

Chemistry

ACS, ICMJE (Vancouver Style)

Communication Sciences

APA

Computer and Information Science

APA, Chicago

Criminal Justice

APA, Chicago

Dance

APA – scientific

Chicago or MLA – ethnography, humanities

Economics

Journal of Economics and Business

Education

APA

Engineering

IEEE

English

Chicago, MLA

Geography and Urban Studies

APA

Degree Program

Style Guide

Geology

GSA (Chicago derivative)

History

Chicago

Kinesiology

APA

Mathematics

Consult departmental advisor

Media and Communication

APA – social science

Chicago – historical

Music

APA, Chicago

Occupational Therapy

APA

Oral Biology

APA, ICMJE (Vancouver Style)

Pharmaceutical Sciences

ICMJE (Vancouver Style)

Philosophy

APA, Chicago, MLA

Physical Therapy

AMA, APA

Physics

APA, Chicago

Political Science

APA, APSA (Chicago derivative), Chicago

Psychology

APA

Public Health

APA, Chicago

Religion

Chicago

Sociology

ASR (Chicago derivative), Chicago

Spanish

APA, Chicago, MLA

Speech, Language and Hearing Science

APA

Sport and Recreation Management

APA

Statistics

ASA

Theater

APA, Chicago

Appendix B1:

Survey of Earned Doctorates

WEB REGISTRATION INSTRUCTIONS

SURVEY OF EARNED DOCTORATES (SED)

WEB REGISTRATION

Congratulations on completing your doctorate!

The Survey of Earned Doctorates is the definitive source of information on the nation’s new research doctorates.

Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and five other Federal agencies, the SED is critical to understanding

in what specialty areas doctorates are produced and their post-graduation employment plans. Results are used by

government and academic institutions to make decisions about graduate education funding, developing new

programs, and supporting existing ones.

The ability of the survey to accurately describe doctorate earners depends on obtaining responses from

all

doctoral

degree recipients. Your response affects decisions made for future generations of doctorate recipients.

The SED online registration process allows students to go directly to the SED survey without having to retrieve a

PIN/Password from their email. The result is expediency in completing the survey. A PIN/Password and URL to the

survey are provided only when the student has had to exit the survey before its completion. To begin the survey,

doctorate earners should visit the following registration URL:

https://sed-ncses.org/

Please note that Temple University requires verification of completion of the survey. Recent updates to the SED

system provide that email notification is automatically generated for the Graduate School when a survey is

completed by a new recipient of a Temple doctorate.

Again, congratulations on completing your doctorate!

Appendix B2:

Survey of Earned Doctorates

PURPOSE, USE, AND CONFIDENTIALITY

Purpose

Assessing the availability of highly educated personnel is important in evaluating the nation’s work force.

For this purpose, the

Survey of Earned Doctorates

is conducted annually.

The survey gathers data from all research doctorate graduates each year on their educational history,

sources of support, and post-graduation plans. The responses become part of the Doctorate Records File

(DRF), a data bank on doctorate recipients from 1920 to the present and the major source of doctoral data at

the national level.

Use

Data from the survey are available through NSF’s website at https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ and

in printed reports. Survey data are also used:

• By universities and federal and state governments to make policy decisions that affect graduate

education throughout the United States.

• In the evaluation of graduate education programs, strategic planning at the state level, labor force

projections, and equal opportunity employment plans at all levels.

• By federal agencies to inform Congress and to make decisions about financial commitments that

affect graduate education throughout the United States.

• In a variety of publications ranging from full-length books to articles in newspapers and magazines.

Confidentiality

Information provided by research doctorate graduates is kept strictly confidential. The information relayed

on the

Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)

questionnaire is safeguarded in accordance with the Privacy Act of

1974 and the NSF Act of 1950, as amended. The survey data are reported only in aggregate form or in a

manner that does not identify information about an individual.

The survey’s sponsors and data collection contractor take the strongest measures to safeguard respondent

confidentiality. All staff members sign binding confidentiality pledges. All processing facilities and

computer systems are carefully designed and continuously tested to safeguard the information provided by

institutions and respondents.

Only two groups can receive individual-identifiable data from the SED project:

• The SED Federal Sponsors

(for program evaluation)

• Graduate School Deans

(for their own graduates only)

Confidentiality safeguards prohibit the use of data for commercial purposes or for investigating an

individual respondent or institution. Any independent researcher or contractor for the federal agencies that

performs analyses of the data must sign legally binding organizational and individual Data Use Agreements

certifying that the institution will only use the data for statistical purposes and that the security of the data

will be protected. Similarly, Graduate School Deans must sign an agreement that they will only use the data

for statistical purposes and will safeguard the confidentiality of the responses.