95
Financial statements and notes
SME clients). The grading is based on our
internal estimate of probability of default
over a one year horizon, with customers
or portfolios assessed against a range of
quantitative and qualitative factors. The
numeric grades run from 1 to 14 and some
of the grades are further sub-classified
into A, B or C. Lower credit grades are
indicative of a lower likelihood of a default.
Credit Grades 1A to 12C are assigned to
performing customers or accounts, while
credit grades 13 and 14 are assigned to
non-performing or default customers.
In addition to nominal aggregate
exposure, Expected Loss and Tenor are
used in the delegation of credit approval
authority and must be calculated for
every transaction to determine the
appropriate level of approval. Significant
exposures beyond the authority of Credit
Officers in Retail Clients and Corporate &
Institutional Clients are approved by CEO
on behalf of Executive Risk Committee
after support from the respective credit
risk function at the Group level. The
SCB Nepal Board delegates its authority
to approve credit, market and other
risks exposures (“Risk Authorities”) to
the Executive Committee for onward
delegation of these Risk Authorities to
the Executive Risk Committee.
The independence of the Risk function is
effectively maintained to ensure that the
necessary balance in risk/return decisions
is not compromised by short term
pressures to generate revenues. This is
particularly important given that revenues
are recognized from the point of sale while
losses arising from risk positions typically
manifest themselves over time. Credit
function in Retail Clients uses standard
application forms which are processed in
central units and credit approval process is
guided by Credit Approval Document (CAD)
and Credit Operating Manual. The probably
of default is calculated using portfolio
delinquency flow rates and judgement,
where applicable.
There are risk officers in Retail Clients
(including SME) and Corporate &
Institutional Clients. They have their
primary reporting line into the country
and Group functional levels. Credit
approval authorities are delegated
by Executive Risk Committee to
Senior Credit Officer in Corporate &
Institutional and Commercial Clients,
and Credit Head in Retail Clients based
on their judgment and experience,
who may further delegate the credit
authorities to other credit officers in their
respective segment. We have a manual
approval process in Retail segment and
on-line approval process in Corporate &
Institutional Clients and SME segments.
The scope and nature of risk reporting
and/or measurement procedures
are covered in the Country Portfolio/
Underwriting Standards approved by
the Board, CAD and Credit Operating
Manual specific to each business and
other Group level policies & procedures
adopted after the Board approval. The
Executive Risk Committee chaired
by the CEO, reviews the portfolio
exposure, portfolio quality, country level
risk triggers, etc on a bi-monthly (once
in two months) basis.
Country Portfolio/Underwriting
Standards and CAD / Credit Operating
Manual outlines the Bank’s policies and
processes for hedging and/or mitigating
and monitoring risk. We regularly monitor
credit exposures, portfolio performance
and external trends including political
and economic trends that may impact
risk management outcomes.
Internal risk management reports
are presented to the Executive Risk
Committee containing information
on key environmental, political and
economic trends, portfolio delinquency
and loan impairment performance.
Corporate and SME clients accounts or
portfolios are placed on early alert when
they display signs of actual or potential
weakness or financial deterioration. Such
accounts and portfolios are subjected
to a dedicated process overseen by the
Credit Issue Committee. Client account
plans and credit grades are re-evaluated.
In addition, remedial actions are agreed
and monitored. Remedial actions
include, but are not limited to, exposure
reduction, security enhancement, exiting
the account, or immediate movement
of the account into the control of Group
Special Assets Management (GSAM),
our special recovery unit.
In Retail Lending portfolio, delinquency
trends are monitored continuously at a
detailed level. Individual client behavior is
also tracked and considered for lending
decision. Accounts that are past due
are subject to a collections process,
managed independently by the Risk
Function. Charged-off accounts are
managed by specialist recovery teams.
Collateral is held to mitigate credit risk
exposures and risk mitigation policies
determine the eligibility of collateral
types. Regular valuation of collateral is
required in accordance with the Risk
Mitigation Policy and Portfolio Standards,
which prescribe both the process and
the frequency of valuation for different
collateral types. Collateral held against
impaired loans is maintained at fair value.
The Executive Risk Committee which
has been formed by and receives
authority from the Executive Committee
is responsible for ensuring the effective
risk governance and management of
credit, reputational, market, operational
risk etc. throughout the Bank.
b. Types of eligible credit risk
mitigants used and the benefits
availed under CRM.
No Credit Risk Mitigants As on
16.07.2015
1 Deposits with Bank 882,981,941
2 Deposits with other
banks/FI*
237,415,200
3 Govt. & NRB Securities 5,500,000
4 G'tee of Domestic Banks*
5 Sec/G'tee of Foreign
Banks*
6,770,809,984
Total 7,896,707,124
* net of supervisory haircut