How to Write a Testable Question

Tamara Helfer, 2012 Sequoia Science Explorations

Sometimes scientists just like to explore…

Exploring or making observations

often makes scientists curious

about specific questions.

To answer these questions, most

scientists carry out investigations.

What is a “Testable Question?”

A testable question is one that can be

answered by designing and conducting

an experiment.

Testable questions are always about

changing one thing to see what the

effect is on another thing.

What is a “Testable Question?”

Sample Testable Question

Does changing

the height of the ramp

affect

the speed of a car

going down the ramp?

Testable Question Formats

• Does changing _______ affect _______?

• How does changing _____ affect _____?

• If I change ______, will it affect ______?

In a scientific experiment, these two blanks

have special names:

What is a variable?

A variable is something that can CHANGE.

Testable Questions have two parts:

• An independent variable

• A dependent variable

What is an

Independent Variable?

• The variable that will be changed by

you – the scientist.

A good experiment has only one

independent variable!

What is a

Dependent Variable?

• The variable that is being measured

in your experiment

• The response to the change you make

using the independent variable.

Testable Question Formats

• Does changing _______ affect _______?

• How does changing _____ affect _____?

• If I change ______ will it affect ______?

independent

variable

independent

variable

independent

variable

dependent

variable

dependent

variable

dependent

variable

Example:

• Does changing the height of the ramp

affect the speed of the car going down

the ramp?

What is the independent

variable?

• Does changing the height of the ramp

affect the speed of the car going down

the ramp?

• Does changing the height of the ramp

affect the speed of the car going down

the ramp?

Independent Variable

What is the dependent

variable?

• Does changing the height of the ramp

affect the speed of the car going down

the ramp?

• Does changing the height of the ramp

affect the speed of the car going down

the ramp?

Dependent Variable

Another Testable Question

• Does changing the amount of light

affect the growth rate of plants?

Identify the INDEPENDENT variable

Identify the DEPENDENT variable

Another Testable Question

• Does the temperature of water

affect the time it takes a sugar cube

to dissolve?

Identify the INDEPENDENT variable

Identify the DEPENDENT variable

Review: Testable Questions

Testable Questions need 2 parts:

(1) _____________ variable

(2) _____________ variable

Review: Testable Questions

Testable Questions need 2 parts:

(1) Independent variable

(2) Dependent variable

Is this a Testable Question?

What makes plants grow best?

How to Turn a General Question

into a Testable Question

First, read the question carefully.

What makes plants grow best?

Next, think of a cause and an effect related

to your question.

What makes plants grow best?

In this case, the idea is that you can change

something to affect something about how

a plant grows.

How to Turn a General Question

into a Testable Question

What makes plants grow best?

What are examples of things

you can change?

What makes plants grow best?

Examples:

-Amount of water

-Amount of light

-Soil type

What are examples of things

you can change?

What makes plants grow best?

What specific effects

can you look for?

What makes plants grow best?

Examples:

-Height of plant

-Speed of growth

What specific effects

can you look for?

Finally, plug the cause and the effect

into the format…

“What is the effect of ____ on ____?”

The cause goes in the first blank, and the effect

goes in the second blank.

So a testable question looks like this:

“What is the effect of soil type on plant height?”

Controls are all the factors in your experiment that

you want to remain constant.

“What is the effect of soil type on plant height?”

Controls for the plant experiment:

– type of plant

– growing conditions (sunlight, temperature, etc.)

– amount of water

– type of container

Controls

Here’s another example...

Is it Testable?

How does a paper airplane fly?

Let’s Make the Question Testable!

• Decide what you are going to change

(independent variable)

Let’s Make the Question Testable!

• Decide what you are going to change

(independent variable)

For example:

• Size of the plane

• Style of the plane

• Type of paper

• Decide what you are going to measure

(dependent variable)

Let’s Make the Question Testable!

• Decide what you are going to measure

(dependent variable)

For example:

• Distance the plane will fly

• Length of time the plane stays in the

air

Let’s Make the Question Testable!

Make the Question Testable

• Now select one independent variable

and one dependent variable

• Put them together to create the

testable question:

“How does the type of paper

affect the distance a paper

airplane flies?”

What are the controls?

“How does the type of paper affect the distance

a paper airplane flies?”

Controls:

• Style of airplane

• Flying conditions (wind)

• How you throw the

airplane

Final Thoughts

• Keep your experiment simple and

clear

• Check out the library or our web links

for ideas

• Don’t wait! Some projects take time

to do.